Narcoanalysis, Brain Fingerprinting and Polygraph: Lie Detection Tests (Brain Mapping)

Narcoanalysis, Brain Fingerprinting and Polygraph: Lie Detection Tests (Brain Mapping)
The Lie Detection Tests / deception detection tests (DDT) such as polygraph, narco-analysis and brain-mapping have important clinical, scientific, ethical and legal implications . The Lie Detection Tests / DDTs are useful to know the concealed information related to crime. This information, which is known only to self, is sometimes crucial for criminal investigation. The Lie Detection Tests / DDTs have been used widely by the investigating agencies. However, investigating agencies know that the extracted information cannot be used as evidence during the trial stage. They have contested that it is safer than 'third degree methods' used by some investigators. Here, the claim is that, by using these so called, "scientific procedures" in fact-finding, it will directly help the investigating agencies to gather evidences, and thereby increase the rate of prosecution of the guilty and the rate of acquittal of the innocent . Recently, these methods are being promoted as more accurate and best to none, without convincing evidence. In a landmark judgment, the apex court of India has clearly stated that DDTs cannot be administered without consent
The core debate arising out of the Lie Detection Tests is its legality of using inhuman degrading methods to confess the crime. The interrogation of the accused plays a vital role in collecting evidence. In a civilized world police torture is unacceptable to extract information about the crime. Even in the court of law, confession made to a police officer is not valid. Now, the question is, "Can police use DDT to extract information from the accused"? This viewpoint looks into the earlier court's view, recent Supreme Court judgment and scientific basis of DDTs.
Narco-analysis : This test involves the intravenous administration of a drug (such as sodium pentothal, scopolamine and sodium amytal) that causes the subject to enter into various stages of anaesthesia. In the hypnotic stage, the subject becomes less inhibited and is more likely to divulge information, which would usually not be revealed in the conscious state. He or she may also divulge all his/her fantasies, personal wishes, impulses, instinctual drive, illusions, delusions, conflicts, misinterpretations, etc. The main drawback of this technique is that some persons are able to retain their ability to deceive even in the hypnotic state, while others can become extremely suggestible to questioning. The drugs used do not guarantee that the subject will speak only the truth. The statements made in a hypnotic state are not voluntary and are also not in a clear state of mind; hence these have not been admitted as evidence in the court of law. Narco-analysis "without consent" raises legal issues
Polygraph: This is also called a lie detector test, but this term is a misnomer. The theory behind polygraph tests is that a guilty subject is more likely to be concerned with lying about the relevant facts about the crime, which in turn produces a hyper-arousal state which is picked up by a person trained in reading polygraph results. It is not difficult to beat polygraph tests by a trained person, who is able to control or suppress his/her arousal symptoms through relaxation exercises, Yoga, meditation, etc. Hence, the reliability of the polygraph test has been repeatedly questioned in empirical studies.
Brain mapping: It measures the changes in the electrical field potentials produced by the sum of the neuronal activity in the brain by means of electrodes placed on the surface of the skin covering the head and face. The changes directly related to specific perceptual or cognitive events are called event-related potentials. In simple words, it is based on the finding that the brain generates a unique brain-wave pattern when a person encounters a familiar stimulus. Commonly used method in India is called as Brain Electrical Activation Profile test, also known as the 'P300 Waves test'. During the test, subjects are exposed to auditory or visual stimuli (pictures, videos and sounds) that are relevant to the facts being investigated alongside other irrelevant words and pictures. Such stimuli can be broadly classified as material 'probes' and neutral 'probes'. The underlying theory is that in the case of guilty suspects, the exposure to the material probes will lead to the emission of P300 wave components which will be duly recorded by the instruments.
The Supreme Court judgment on involuntary Lie Detection Tests is that it has no place in the judicial process. Contemporary DDT needs to undergo rigorous research in normative and pathological populations. Premature application of these technologies outside research settings should be resisted. The vulnerability of the techniques to countermeasures also needs to be explored.

[@mounikanarla1863]

thank u sir u are clearly explaning

[@SureshBadaMath]

Welcome

[@jkgaming5787]

Thank you!! It really helped for my tomorrow's exam,

[@mansirawate3601]

Thanku sir for sharing this information ..it is very useful✨

[@SureshBadaMath]

Welcome

[@ravibammidi9730]

very nicely elobarated sir 🙏🙏🙏🙏
can we use it for conversion disorders if we want to elicit the conflict/ stressor by pentothal and p300 ?

[@swatioberoi515]

Much needed video sir.. kindly make on DBT also sir similar to CBT plz.

[@SurajKumar-ps8qf]

Sir this is an very wonderful information for all of us

[@SureshBadaMath]

Welcome

[@femi3646]

is anyone did seminar report about brainfingerprinting

[@SureshBadaMath]

Thank you very much
Please find complete access to copyrighted educational videos on Mental health is available on -
linktr.ee/sureshbadamath

[@user-zq9df7ew3k]

Sir, Do you (or your colleagues) perform Narcoanalysis at NIMHANS?
Is it done on police request or only on court order ?

[@SureshBadaMath]

Thank you very much
Please find complete access to copyrighted educational videos on Mental health is available on -
linktr.ee/sureshbadamath

[@AlphaBeta-gl2cz]

Thank you so much Sir​@@SureshBadaMath

[@mounikanarla1863]

sir I want more information regarding question document

[@SureshBadaMath]

Ot is based on the crime scene, victim, weapon, environment, modus of operandi, number of people involved, circumstances around the crime and so forth. Unfortunately, there is no readymade question.

[@polymathdiaries5818]

Is hypnosis used as a deception detection test in India? And how valid is its use?

[@SureshBadaMath]

Hypnosis can’t be used by the investigation agencies for deception detection test. It doesn’t have any evidentiary value in the court of law.
Investigation agency can’t use it, because the person deposing is not in clear consciousness

[@polymathdiaries5818]

Thank you Sir for clarifying my doubts. 🙏