Glaciation II: What Happens When Glaciers Retreat
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- čas přidán 11. 07. 2024
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LINKS:
PREVIOUS VIDEO: • Glaciers I: Glacial La...
ICE AGE GLACIERS: • Worldbuilding: Hot & C...
MODERN GLACIERS: • Worldbuilding: How To ...
SCRIPT w/ SOURCES: docs.google.com/document/d/1v...
CORRECTIONS: docs.google.com/document/d/1m...
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SPECIAL THANKS PATRONS:
Gabriel Robles
Mountain Barber
Michael Aliotta
Galvin Greene
Maggy Bort
Lichen
Johan Spaedtke
Oliver Read
Spencer Brownlee
Ben McFarlane
Alexander Roper
JJ Albrecht
Andrew P Chehayl
John Hooyer
Lady Beckerton
Usedwashbucket
Patrick Kruse
Sean M
P'undrak
Ripta Pasay
World Anvil
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MUSIC:
Udo Grunewald
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IMAGE CREDITS:
docs.google.com/document/d/1R...
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TIMESTAMPS:
00:00 Intro
00:16 Post-glacial Landforms Of Mountain Glaciers
06:04 Post-glacial Landforms of Continental Glaciers
11:16 Glaciofluvial Mountain Glacier Landforms
13:59 Glaciofluvial Continental Glacier Landforms
15:02 Summary
15:39 Sponsor: Campfire
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Thanks for watching everyone. It means a lot. :)
- becomes a amateur geologist for world building
- never uses his world for any stories or D&D games
- leaves
based
Gigachad
Now you just need to become an amateur linguist, sociologist, and theologian to really fill out the world builder title
@@TylerJMacDonald you just need to be a polymath.
@@TylerJMacDonald sorry, an amateur polymath.
🎶When a glacier retreats, leaving stones at your feet,
That’s a moraine!
this is so good. I hope Edgar pins this.
I particularly like when you give us modern day examples of actual land masses. It seems to be able to cement the ideas you are presenting more easily to me. So thank you for all of the research that must have gone into this.
My hometown has one of the highest concentrations of drumlins in the US, so this video feels like home for me :D
I have lived almost my entire life in a landscape dominated by the aftermath of continental glacier retreat. Michigan is full of those features.
Yeah, I'm surprised he didn't specifically mention the great lakes, though the finger lakes were close. I love post glacial landscapes.
colorado is full of valleys shaped by glaciers, this stuff was emphasised heavily in geology class while living there
Yeah same here in ontario
For American viewers, another big example of continental glacier moraines affecting geology is Long Island! The reason Long Island has those two peninsulas on it’s eastern coast is because it was formed by two recession moraines. The southern moraine, called the Ronkonkoma moraine, also forms Martha’s Vineyard, while the northern moraine, called the Harbor Hill moraine, is responsible for Cape Cod.
This sequel was produced at a GLACIAL pace...
LOL, just kidding, I'm very glad to see this video. You've clearly put a lot of work into it, and your copious research really shows. I can't wait to see what you've got lined up next. Now, if you'll excuse me, I have to tear through my world's geography files, fix all of my glacier references, and add a bunch of post-glacial landscapes.
I have a dwarven kingdom where a large part of it is settled in and on a mountain; but a valley just to the south gets seasonal floods which helps with farming.
This video and series will help me with mountain glaciers that melt during the warmer seasons.
Can we buy your dwarves as slaves?
Your spring must be an hell
One of my favourite of these you can still see in limestone deposits and caves are bore holes. The glacial meltwater often contains particles of rock that act as abrasives, carving away caves and tunnels in the land, and sometimes getting trapped in little whirlpools. These whirlpools carve their way into the rock, and can leave behind boreholes like from a drill.
Really missed the chance to include Lauterbrunnen, Switzerland, a place that impressively shows many glacial features and served as Tolkiens inspiration for Rivendell.
9:46 My grandparents used to live in Kawartha, and that tunnel valley is called 'the dragon', because it looks like the skeleton of a titanic dragon!
*Is sponsored by campfire
*Has world anvil as a patron
When you talk about Drumlin I think about the Hobbits 😂 what a good timing 👍
As a guy from north Italy, I've seen my share of all these landscapes in the Alps and their foothills.
Id say this video will be fire, but I guess I'll have to go for cool
Lol
I've been waiting for this video! Imo glaciers are really worth taking into account when making a realistic fantasy map cause they were one of the cruicial forces that shaped the landscape of so many regions. Keep up the great work Edgar!
Since there wasn't an example given in the video, a good example of a continental terminal moraine complex is Long Island / Block Island / Martha's Vineyard / Nantucket / Cape Cod in the Northeastern US. Inland, such as in central Illinois, they exist, but the scale is so large that they're pretty hard to see when you're on them.
Small worldbuilding note: If you have a big a** ship that you need to hide from a bunch of angry enemies with other big ships, planes, mini-subs and frogmen, fjords are the way to go (just make sure your airforce responds to massed airstrikes on time).
This released at the perfect time. A friend wants me to create a map for his D&D campaign, roughly based on a scandinavian/viking setting. Post-glacial landscapes would dominate such a region (and help me justify some of the ideas I already have for the overall layout).
I don’t know how viable this is as a video idea, but could you (theoretically at least) do a video on geographical features that *could* exist, but aren’t currently observed on Earth?
Seconded
Fantastic as always! I'm loving all the terrain created by the glaciers. I'll have to shove them into my overcrowded world map, but they're too cool not to!
As someone who lives in a post-glacial landscape, this was a huge relief learning how to make a geography similar to where I live😊
Cool to see that you included proglacial lakes and outburst floods! A bit disappointed that you didn't talk about the largest and most globally significant one - Glacial Lake Agassiz. Largest-ever glacial lake, largest-ever outburst floods (multiple!), including one that carved the St. Lawrence river channel all the way to the end of the continental shelf. There was so much freshwater dumped into the ocean that it caused sea levels to rise so quickly and so much over the course of a few years that it led to the worldwide history of flood myths and the loss of early coastal civilizations. It also nearly shut down the thermohaline circulation of the North Atlantic, leading to a resurgent mini-ice age.
The younger dryas boundary was caused by lake agassiz outburst
Very glad to see the Horicon marsh used as an example picture of drumlins here, as someone from eastern wisconsin. Great video as always!
I got here so early there are still glaciers everywhere
The Columbia River Valley was largely shaped by a series of absolutely massive glacial outburst floods, so it's good to consider where the biggest glacial lakes might have been so you can create that sort of topography downstream.
14:20
I was hoping when the Pacific Northwest was shown that Dry Falls would get a mention. It's a classic example of repeated flooding over, in this case from Lake Missoula (another highly formative part of the glacial system) and Grand Coulee.
According to Wikipedia: "It is estimated that the falls were five times the width of Niagara Falls, with ten times the flow of all the current rivers in the world combined."
Plus, it's pretty darn cool. There's an outlook point that really gives you feel of the scale.
Hi! It looks like you used the “less than” () sign at 7:16 .
14:29 Stoneworks talked about these types of outbursts in one of his videos.
Glacial retreats and pushes remind me of waves on a rocky beach, only slowed down to geologic timescales :)
Recently travelled to Sutherland with my wife and the landscape is unreal. Can't wait to go back North and explore some more
This just feels like a hop back to middle school geography, being from finland
I've never clicked faster on a video! Keep up the great work Edgar!
The density of information in these videos for how long they are is consistently impressive.
Artifexian! Can you do some videos on non terrestrial geology? Maybe a super earth, dwarf planet or a gas giant.
When you said non terrestrial geology you means geomorphology of non-habitable planets ?
@@BYROXI5000 habitable. Just not earth like. Humans can inhabit everything.
@@BYROXI5000 but basically yes
Excellent stuff!
These videos are always so interesting, thanks for the work you put in!
I didn’t know the glaciers were French, the more you know.
I've been using your videos for some time for dnd and now I've wrote 5 books using this information. I'm glad I subbed way back when you were still talking about dolor system generation. That game my books a good start.
Greta video. Maybe I missed something but there is something called postglacial rebound. This occurs when a glacial exerts a large weight on a plate and causes it to bend into the mantle and when the glacier is quickly removed the plate rebounds back. This is for example seen in fenoscandavia region.
This is just my geology class but cooler and more interesting
Awesome video.
Yay ! A new NOICE video ;).
(I don't doubt about the fact it's a good video :D )
Can you the climates of a tidally locked planet please.
Is there any continuity between the Esker Riada and the divisions between geopolitical regions in Ireland? It would be cool to discuss some of the political borders that could form within glaciated areas.
Can you make a more in-depth video on temperature, wind patterns, and moisture on a tidally locked planet.
This was a great video!! I was wondering how the videos on world climates for non earth-like planets were coming. Did you ever get a university to help consult for it?
Random German words in science, no. 15426: "Riegel" means latch/deadbolt, so meaning an obstruction, as well as bar (a bar of chocolate: Schokoriegel). See also "Riegelstellung", a position maintained to block something off. Fitting word.
Dude, my geography exam was thrusday and it was all about glaciers, so this videos late but now I get to understand what i failed.
I think the word you’re looking for is “periglacial”, not “glaciofluvial”. For sure there are glaciofluvial sediments and features to be found in periglacial landscapes, but the landscape and ecological region itself is called “periglacial”. And there are many other interesting features you can look into in these landscapes, notably rock glaciers, solifluction lobes, patterned ground, which includes mima mounds, palsas, lithalsas, stone circles, felsenmeers/blockfields/rock rivers, and also landforms such as pingos, lakes and depressions created by natural gas explosions liberated by melting permafrost, which can pockmark periglacial regions.
Very interesting.
The Netherlands also has clear vestiges of the continental glaciers that terminated here in the last ice age.
One example are the Hunnebedden, smooth erratic boulders, whose name means 'bed of giants'. The name and the way some Hunnebedden look, like small artificial structures, make me think they had cultural meaning, however I don't know.
The ridges and hills in the middle of the country, like the Veluwe and the Utrechtse Heuvelrug, I think could be classified as terminal moraines, if I'm not mistaken they're also part of a larger complex stretching through Germany. The Veluwe itself I find interesting: it is hilly and naturally has poor soil for agriculture, so it was historically sparsely populated and is still mostly known for its forests.
The central hills would otherwise seem anomalous without the explanation of the glaciers, the only other pointedly hilly area in the Netherlands is southern Limburg province, around Maastricht, where the border cuts through the Ardennes, an erroded old mountain range. There's also the Hondsrug ( hound ridge/back) up north in Drenthe, but I know nothing of it.
You should totally do a video on cave formation!!
Woohoo! Artifexian’s video
Nice
New video? Party time!
Interesting video as always, Edgar, and it certainly shows that alot can happen in the U-Shapped Valleys of the world, let alone the continental regions.
Still, the mention of the Post Glacial and Galicofluvial latitudes near the end does give rise to some food for thoughts. One being what would a world look like if the Post Glacial latitudes extend into the tropics if not the equatorial regions? How would this affect the biosphere of a world? The civilizations? Either way, interesting storytelling possibilities. Thanks again for the ideas, it's been a while since the last one.
Its a bit late of a response so it might have been addressed in the follow up but one issue regarding low latitude glaciation is that the closer to the equator you get the more extreme the ice albedo effects become in particular if the glaciers advance beyond 30 degrees latitude on Earth the ice albedo effect becomes self sustaining driving a drastic and rapid freeze of the rest of the planet. The last time this happened was during the Cryogenian the period defined by these extreme global glaciations and they were truly extreme.
As an addendum if the ice reaches mid latitudes but stops advancing before it reaches the critical runaway feed back state you get a Jormungandr state which is a state on the brink of becoming a snowball this is likely what occurred during the Gaskiers glaciation which occurred during the Ediacaran between 579.63 ± 0.15 and 579.88 ± 0.44 Mya(million years ago). Incidentally the Ediacaran biota fist appear 9 million years after the termination of this glacial event marking it as an important event on Earth for the transition to a world dominated by multicellular life.
I have no idea what effect having complex vegetation and other large multicellular life would have on these states as plants provide a significant darkening effect to terrestrial albedos. It has even been argued that multicellular life colonizing much of the planet may have been what helped tame future glaciations into what we call ice ages.
Notably there seems to have been evidence for simple animals namely sponges before these glaciations on Earth but nothing more complex has been found until after the Gaskiers glaciation. Of course these according to molecular clock estimates appear to be when major cnidarians and bilaterians split off from each other suggesting these early animals were around by then albeit likely quite different from today being much simpler and smaller.
Now I imagine a nation of tribes with each tribe settlement built around a moulin, where they either throw sacrifices to their gods or hold battles to the death over them
Given they'd be on a constantly moving glacier and moulins come and go, it wouldn't be a very long-lived or stable civilization. Also, did I mention the part where they're on ice? What are they going to subsist on?
9:58 I can see my house from here 😎
Hi. I have just recently started watching your world building videos as I find them interesting. I was watching "godzilla vs kong" film and they showed a hollow earth which looked like it would make and interesting fantasy/scifi world. Would you consider doing a similar video to your flat earth video, for a hollow earth/planet? Thanks for all the videos. They are both very entertaining and informative.
Was hoping you'd mention the Esker Riada!
Im surprised you didnt mention the great lakes of North America at all
same, i'm surprised he didn't talk about deranged drainage systems
god i love maps
A good other knock and Lochan morphology is the entire Canadien shield in particular the Laurentian mountains
Suggestion for next videos... planet with no moon 2 moons 3 moons binary or trinary sun system.
Glaciers 2: Artic Boogaloo
you forgot the urstromtal dude
that's a way to make a river run sideways
The crocodile wants to eat the smaller number
Now I know what the MtG card Jokulhaup represents, neat.
Neat
u beat me by 1 second
Where do I place volcanoes and ravines?????
Make video how to make Ring world.
I think you flipped the inequality sign on the dome and the flyggbergs onscreen
Edit: also the roche moutonnée one
Lake Michigan.
Hmm... my world did not have an ice age... I kinda feel like it's missing out on a lot of neat detail. Will have to rework the map... again.
Noice
I find it mildly worrying that the majority of the terms I know for various landform features were learned from Magic the Gathering lands ;-)
Can ice worlds exist? As in, there are oceans, but very little. More like very large lakes near the equator, since the world is so cold.
I imagine it to be a world where water is extremely cold, land covered in snow and ice
what happens when glaciers advance all the way to the sea and retreats back? does the resulting ice shelf melt gradually or does it break up into ice bergs?
Just look to nowadays Antarctica
I want to create a Great Lakes area in one of my worlds and I know those were created by glaciers, and was hoping how something like that forma would be covered in the continental glacier bit. How exactly would I place those?
Disclaimer: I did little to no research. I looked at some elevation maps and a time lapse that's it. I haven't even watched this video yet.
So my hypothesis is that it's location being not quite the southern most reach of the glacier but just north of that is what did it.
The glacier as it expanded pushed dirt, soil, and what not south, east, and west, carving out the valley that would become the great lakes. As it melted the water, separated from the ocean by higher elevations pooled and flooded the valley the glacier had created. So, if I was designing it, I'd place them just north of the southern most reaching extent of the continental glacier. In a spot that is land locked by the surrounding elevations. I think it's a similar process for things for land locked seas.
Again though, this is pretty much a poorly researched hypothesis, slightly better than a pure guess.
The interesting bit is the effects great lakes can have on the surrounding climate. Areas that otherwise should be dry can be rather muggy, experiencing high humidity. In November the region is warmer than normal because water takes longer to change temperature than the ground. This causes low pressure systems to develop making it cloudy and often wet. What was basically a tropical storm over the great lakes even once developed in recent history.
@12:54 Why didn't you say the name of Skeiðarársandur?
He isn't a masochist?
Anyone know a good channel for cultural worldbuilding?
9:45
I miss the tutorial-like videos on how to make stars (do math) or how to draw a map (use illustrator). Videos like this one, where you only describe features, don't help me draw or make my maps. At best I could say "here there is a fjord" while pointing at a pixelated blob.
Videos like this are more relevant to the narrative and ground-level side of world building. All those hills and holes look alike from the air, but it makes a big difference in defensive and food gathering strategies. Plus describing specific features makes locations unique from each other.
Consider different kinds of mountains. The tallest mountains on Earth aren't volcanic, they're usually made from crust collision. The widest ones, shield volcanoes, are relatively short. Consider then that Olympus Mons on Earth is both a shield volcano and over twice the height of Mt. Everest. That tells us a lot about Mars' geologic history and the extremes relative to Earth's norm makes a great setting for fiction.
I feel like I should've listened to my 6th grade class so I didn't have to watch this.
Anyone else expect "or wet valleys at 9:55?
hi
Miss you being recommended. Maybe this comment will help
It's time this channel assumes its new identity as a geology channel
Boop.
is campfire free?
Well, you could hire someone to go gather the wood and light it for you.
@@Ggdivhjkjl well played
i cant help but feel that he should have taken a minute or so to talk about finger lakes. parallel lakes several times longer than they are wide, formed by glaciers. we have huge swathes of finger lakes in New England and the Adirondacks running approximately north/south. cant help but feel he glossed over where they form and why, which is disappointing as they cover such huge swathes of land here. i mean they call some parts the land of a thousand lakes and it is mostly finger lakes, with a few kettle lakes mixed in, that give those regions their name.
hey bestie, very pona video however /hʌjɛvəɹ/ im pretty sure that you are using less than/greater than signs wrong (no offense)
Hello bro
I know nobody is gonna reply to me!
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first