Ten Years of the National Ignition Facility: What It Took to Make NIF a Reality

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  • čas přidán 1. 06. 2024
  • The National Ignition Facility has now been in operation for 10 years, but how did such an extraordinary facility come to be built? The journey to NIF was an epic one, resulting in a facility that has changed the face of science forever.
    Learn more about NIF: lasers.llnl.gov/
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  • Věda a technologie

Komentáře • 51

  • @rickevans7941
    @rickevans7941 Před rokem +2

    Congratulations, NIF & LLNL!

  • @kricketflyd111
    @kricketflyd111 Před rokem +1

    I worked on this program for 8 years and benefited from the continuous training like it was an engineering college. That training is the benefit to society.

  • @stevee8884
    @stevee8884 Před 4 lety +18

    I personally performed all of the 15KV cable testing for the entire NIF project.
    Miles of cable to test with the old DC standards, This was back in 1998!
    Shocked by 65KVDC multiple times… Just a tingle.. Survived… Steve...

    • @locke8847
      @locke8847 Před 2 lety

      So your opinion? Is this whole thing a waste of time? In the long run?

    • @hateWinVista
      @hateWinVista Před rokem +1

      ​@@locke8847
      Message from the future: It was well worth it. (achieved energy gain of 1.5)

    • @iwill6002
      @iwill6002 Před rokem +1

      Don’t forget that NIF’s primary mandate is aimed at stockpile stewardship. To ensure continued nuclear deterrence, this facility will never be a waste of time.

  • @patrickdwyer320
    @patrickdwyer320 Před 3 lety +2

    20:01

  • @iiFlummox
    @iiFlummox Před rokem +1

    Congratulations!! Long time coming!

  • @fmike15
    @fmike15 Před 4 lety +12

    You guys are great! Thank you for your service.

  • @JLOY1
    @JLOY1 Před rokem

    Awesome to see Ed Moses & Mary Spaeth

  • @robozstarrr8930
    @robozstarrr8930 Před 4 lety +4

    Knew a Prof Jelsma who taught Semiconductor classes at ASU, who spent his summers at Livermore working on Shiva & Nova.... when he returned he always said, " almost there, just a little more tweaking "...

    • @Muonium1
      @Muonium1 Před 2 lety

      well....they're finally there.

  • @MorganEarlJones
    @MorganEarlJones Před 2 lety +1

    "ignition? so like, it lit on fire then?"
    "no no no-- in second thought, think of this like the remix to ignition"

  • @sunflowersarles1sun827

    Congratulations 🎉

  • @joes2475
    @joes2475 Před rokem +1

    i was a union ironworker and was there when they found a whooly mamoth

  • @numarkaz
    @numarkaz Před 3 lety +2

    I think we should be using the technology to make laser rifles like in Star Wars.

  • @cgold7901
    @cgold7901 Před 2 lety

    13:54, that is a big crystal!

  • @whatitmeans
    @whatitmeans Před 4 lety +1

    It is possible to applicate to work as a researcher at NIF?

  • @stellarch4986
    @stellarch4986 Před 3 lety

    Strange. They say NIF is the only facility of this kind in the world but France has a very very similar facility that allows to do the same things, stockpile stewardship, nuclear weapons testing and so much more in the same ranges of power with super computing installations as well.
    Well....

    • @metatron5199
      @metatron5199 Před 3 lety +1

      I believe no other publicly known facilities can reach the energy levels achieved by NIF making it the corner stone for the R&D of nuclear weapons unlike any other around the world...

    • @Muonium1
      @Muonium1 Před 2 lety

      LMJ in France has been under construction for the last 20 years. It's not clear if they're ever going to actually FINISH building the thing.

  • @justinsmith4839
    @justinsmith4839 Před 3 lety

    how long is it going to take to use technology to help solve our power issues?

    • @KingThrillgore
      @KingThrillgore Před rokem

      They aren't using it to solve power issues. They're using it to help maintain our nuclear weapon stockpile.

  • @sandustanBrasov
    @sandustanBrasov Před 3 lety +1

    Stan Sandu
    About the UNIFIED LAW! Part 2/2.
    The electrical ether - for example- proceed from magnetic field from atoms, eliminated in following combination of the deuterium with tritium in helium. The eliminated magnetic field it decompose in particles of electrical ether in chamber of thermonuclear reaction. Any chemical combination eliminate this electrical ether. But at the chemical combination the chemical elements which participate at reaction can not to be magnetic isolated because they it combine before to be ionized.
    As following of the thermonuclear reaction from Sun, the Sun is a giant powerstation of electromagnetic energy, a powerfull source of electricity which keep up the life of every where from his planetary system. This electrical ether which come from Sun, we gather him with our electrical generators and drive our industry.
    D.I.Mendeleev had shown that we can not conceive without motion even the smallest matter particle. It says about radiations , but about atoms and molecules that they have a vibration frequency of approximate 10 at 13...10 at 15 what means that these are turning arround theirs self axes with 10 at 13...10 at 15 rotations on second proofing the existence of a continuous inertial motion in matter.
    How the solidification begins from external it would resultated that in the central zone at any underatomic particles would remained continuously a primary matter mass, more viscous, aproximately magnetic mass, so that to the shown rotations the free underatomics particles, or in the atom*s frame, to take out in space matter from the central zone, but on which to it recover continuously for maintaining the them integrity.
    The external*s particle by friction with the medium became a spherical surface, and in the inner share continous the crystallisation it will obtain a uniformly waved surface, with helicoidal channels disposed around his axis. Thus the approximately magnetic matter from the central zone can get out only a certain extremity, evolving around the particle or farther away in space from where it turns by the other extremity of the particle.
    The inertial movement working of the underatomic particles and the atoms as whole permits them to compare with the powerful ASPIRATORS which absorbs, but its emits too matter under the form of field*s particle. Thus, two interaction bodies it creates between them a magnetic depresion what constitute the attraction force between bodies. The permanent existence of the materials fieldes make us sure of the fact of the matter is outside from the bodies too, giving the interaction between them.
    About the ethereal physics and ethereal chemistry we spoke a little, for to argue the unified law to him Newton, I shal cite directly from the communuications of the spatial men, from the work : ”From the life*s mysteries and of the Universe”, to the profesor Scarlat Demetrescu, published first time in 1939.
    ”An electrical current circulate forever through the internal matter of the particle from Infinte. Grace of this inner electrical current, the particle is living, has life through self herself. Because the motion of inertial rotation of the particle, it born in the her interior electromagnetism. The electromagnetic circuit can be at interior or can be and outside. He can be positive or negative. The internal motion will give birth to an electromagnetic field emited in outside. This emission constitute the matter of the electromagnetic field which circulate among particles”.
    ”The living particle from the zone of the Infinte overtake in the zone of the Cosmos and of the universes. Thus the universal ether is a mass of living particles, of small living bodies, that can enter in one microbe of your with handreds of thousands. These living particles are in a continuously motion through them nature - being electrical - produces electrical energy. That is why it named electrogenic particles.
    In the zone collisions and explosion starry, from the primary matter - matter under electrical field, magnetic field and radiations form, it begins to form the underatomic particles; first the electron which remain as crystallisation nucleus definitized on him the neutron, which at that time when becomes free is transformed in proton and electron, respective in atoms of hydrogen, giving immenses hydrogen clouds what finds on the stary cataclysms place.
    Gravity: born, inseparable and essential the matter, is produced by a cause which acts constantly in the matter particles. All three principles of Dynamics: 1). the principle of inertia; 2). the principle of proportionality acceleration with force; and 3). the principle of the action and reaction; all are the essential elements of the universal attraction law, law which in essence is a law of the inertial masses in movement.
    The INERTIAL MOVE from matter produce the gravitational field, and the gravity with her particles ties the macrocosmos with microcosmos and influenced all what exists siting thus at the general existence basis. The UNIFIED LAW of matter*s forces I can say with certainty that it exists from some hundred years and is Newton*s universal attraction law.
    The UNIVERSAL ATTRACTION LAW it applay identicallly to the movement the atoms of the ethereal matters, identically to the movement the atoms of the chemical elements, identically to the movement the planets and stars of one galaxy, because any body of any dimension possess a mass and thus is subdued the newtonian forces of interaction.
    The UNIFIED LAW is the LAW of the UNIVERSAL ATTRACTION FORCES = of the GRAVITATIONAL INTERACTION FORCES = of the ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD FORCES produced by the inner movement of the inertial rotation of the ethereal matter from bodies and substances. This, because, the ethereal particles are continuous movement through the them nature, being electrical - produce electrical energy, being named and electrogenic particles.
    The universal attraction law of the Newton is the UNIFIED LAW because all those three fundamental interactions: the nuclear interaction, the electromagnetic (electron-proton) interaction and the gravitational interaction are interactions produced through the ethereal matter, what bind the clasical physics with the good part of the modern physics, but it bind and the ETHEREAL PHYSICS.
    Isaac Newton establishes the basic notion of classical mechanics, proved the universal attraction law and put base of the celestial mechanics. Newton had affirmed THAT IT HASN*T EXIST NATURAL PROCESS who HASN*T produced BY ATTRACTION and REPULSION ACTIVE FORCES which REGULATES the CELESTIAL BODIES MOVEMENT and the BODIES FALING down, that LEEDS the CHEMICAL and MECHANICAL PROCESSES, fact which makes that the universal attraction law acts in macrocosmos and as in microcosmos.
    Thus, all the physics*s laws, chemistry*s laws and biology*s laws it can include and explain through this unified law of the electromagnetic field produced of inner movement of iunertial rotation of the matter from bodies and substances. The spacial brethren say us about Newton that: ”Newton is great saint with us in Sky!”
    Now, were collided particles in LHC and you seen that is nothing: none Higgs boson, none Big Bang, neither black holes, but only thousands of shards of ethereal particles.Therefore now, return you physicists from your distraction, at Isaac Newton with his universal attraction law = THE UNIFIED LAW of the MATTERS and FORCES, at the eliminated ETHER by Einstein, at unseen world of ethereal and spiritual matters which fill up the Cosmos, and return you at the Lord- at God!

  • @sandustanBrasov
    @sandustanBrasov Před 3 lety

    Stan Sandu
    About the UNIFIED LAW! Part 1/2
    To manage the construction and operation of the controlled thermonuclear reactor, we must revise our knowledge ETER*s removed from current science. The Eter is a material reality which represent 96% from the material mass of the Cosmos. All we see is just a state of concentrated eters ways. Electric current is an electrical eter and is not itself electrons. The electrons in an electrical conductor have only an intermediary role in electrical conduction. For magnetic trap, we the people need to work with the Ethereal matter of electromagnetic field; which withstands at millions of degrees!
    A magnetic trap to dress and spatialized a thermonuclear plasma with millions of degrees has not been done on contemporary Earth humanity. In the case of the thermonuclear plasma, magnetic trap must have an ELECTROMAGNETIC field to evolve further into space from the source that creates, in order to surround a rigid wall and unpenetrable plasma globe with millions of degrees Celsius.
    Broadcasting and movement in space of a powerful electromagnetic field flux is predicted theoretically, but there is manifested with all power in nature. For example, the Sun unfold temperatures of millions of degrees, and that noted specifically that there is a strong magnetosphere solar who dress tight the solar mass incandescent, goes into space billions of kilometers and returns and the top, and dressing again the solar incandescent mass.
    From a theoretical stand-point, since 1860 J.C.Maxwell physicist says, as a electromagnetic radiation result not by varying fields, but and at the constant field, when varies the electrical permitivity, or magnetic permeability, or both. Surprisingly, the bottom of the scheme printed on the tombal stone of the King Pacal from Palenque- Mexico, is an electromagnetic reactiv motor, yet is a device that can produce and emit a strong electromagnetic field flux, the best for insulation and spatialized of the plasma, face of the walls of thermonuclear combustion chamber.
    The texture of toroidal, poloidal or stellarator magnetic field is too rare for to a magnetic trap. The magnetic trap must let be one electromagnetic stratified wall with weaved at entrance and with disweaved at emergence. The electromagnetic wall of the magnetic trap is a wall with formation and continuous displacement.
    Feeding a superconductive coil with an electrical current it obtain in the her round only a magnetic field. But disposing in the round of the superconductive coil a certain magnetic and dielectric pieces, it obtain the variation of the electrical permitivity and of the magnetic permeability, which will transform the magnetic field of the superconductive coil in electromagnetic field, which can evolve (go) more far away in space, without to close immediately the curl.
    The model of thermonuclear controlled reactor proposed of myself - reproduces entirely the conditions from Sun. Viz: 1). Produce a globe of plasma and turned it with 800 m/s; 2).Ensure a magnetic trap with two electromagnetic crossed fields which dress and turn the globe of plasma; 3). Supply continuously with hydrogen in state of plasma and ensure the its confination. Moreover, makes possibly to direct gathering of the electrical current.
    But in 1905, A.Einstein conclude that the ether hasn*t a correspondent in the reality. By excluding the ether Einstein*s Relativity deal prior with the geometrization of space and not with matter which fills this space.
    The science has and history. In the Fundamental Principle of Democrit (470...380 BC) it show: ”From nothing nothing*s born; nothing that exist can not be destroyed and any transformation consists from a reunion and a separation. Nothing is hazardous, all it*s happening has a cause and a necessity. Out of atoms and ETHER, all rest is otherwise than rationament and do not exist. The SPIRIT as well as the ETHER consist of small and sferical atoms, very mobile, atoms that their movement form the phenomenon of LIFE”.
    Today, on measure that the theory advances from clasic mechanics to the quantum mechanics the particle and wave are gradual dematerialize. The modern physics is blocked by enounciation of some laws and mistaken principles as: relativity theory; Hubble*s law; postulation that the atom can*t emit and absorb radiations continuously; admiting the postulate what claims the photons without mass a.s.o. These guide us at supernatural, and at the technical and technological blockage.
    D.I.Mendeleev had shown through 1860: ”Studying the ether which penetrate in all the bodies and asking myself the question: from what is formed this ether*s mass, I had admitted the idea that theirs atoms, or his matter represent the primary matter, from which are formed all atoms. The existece to the one light mass, to the one light substance and less of chemical forces, is possibly but is even necessary”.
    After Mendeleev*s opinion is possible and necessary the extension of periodical system for other size*s order - more small- of the ethereal matter particles. About the absolute vacuum space, M.Faraday had the certitude that it doesn*t exist, and exist only an incomplete vacuum whose spatial magnetic state is of the most importance for the natures phenomenons.
    But the ETHER is a physical reality constituted from a very small matter, invisible for human eye, and is formed from atoms more small with 7...8 order of dimension than the atoms of the chemical elements. The matter of the ether penetrate in all the bodies and is the physical matter which fills both the interplanetary space and the interatomic space. The ether is a matter with mass and weigth, being subdued and she the action of the universal attraction law.
    The REAL ELECTRIC LOAD is a particle of electrical ether more, more small than the electron, has and she a personal and rapid rotation, producing a personal magnetic field, which it gear with the magnetic field from the round of one electrical conductor. The ELECTRICAL FIELD is a field of particles of electrical ether, free and it move approximate in right line. The MAGNETIC FIELD from the round of one conductor is constituted forever from particles of the electrical ether, but magnetic coupled head at head and it move on a curve forming concentric circles in round to one conductor. The ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD is a combination of particles of electrical field and of curls of magnetic field, having property of the evolve in space.
    The ELECTRICAL CURRENT consist in circulation in the round and in lengtways to one electrical conductor to the particles of electrical ether guided on the magnetic field from the round the electrical conductor. The gathering and the condensation of the particles of electrical ether it make with the help of the induction magnetic field when the electrical generator work. Here has place and the transformation a one part of particles of electrical ether in particles of the magnetic field from the round of the conductor.
    The ACTUAL ELECTRICAL GENERATORS: galvanic elements and electrical accumulators; dynamos and alternators, thermoelements and photoelectric cell - transform NOTHING, but they only gather the electrical energy = the particle of the electrical ether which exist in metals, in the environing medium, in the thermic radiation or in the ray of light!

  • @dewaynekendrick83
    @dewaynekendrick83 Před 4 lety +1

    This video was made to show the people why they should keep this facility open, but we are still blowing money. They keep pushing it back and changing the goal. Now NIF supports special interests.

  • @sandustanBrasov
    @sandustanBrasov Před 3 lety

    Stan Sandu
    How can God give us freedom to know some very important but also dangerous things, for example to the controlled thermonuclear reaction if we as a humanity lack a moral, spiritual, intellectual and scientific education?
    For example, one hundred years have passed since it was discovered that there is much hydrogen and helium in the Sun, and it was concluded that a controlled thermonuclear reaction occurs in the Sun. And for 70 years, humans have begun to build different devices or plants to make a thermonuclear fusion reaction like in the Sun. But since the late nineteenth century, human science began to be blocked because scientists, over to nickname, have misinterpreted, without reason, certain practical experiments and issued wrong laws and principles that contradict the good laws developed on the basis of practical experiments. , logical and rational.
    Today, most scientists have an intellectual basis, linked to standardized theory. They believe scientists because they have learned some books with standardized theories. These people cannot know the matter in its depth, with the seen and the unseen, because Albert Einstein in 1905 with his theory of relativity told them that the ETER - respectively the etheric matter does not exist. If there were no etheric matter then, they may believe that there is no spiritual matter, and they do not want to know anything about the heavenly worlds that live with us on and around the planet Earth.
    I, as an engineer, believe in my opinion, but also of many researchers in the field of underground soil richness, that all MATERIAL RESOURCES: coal, oil, methane gas, all minerals, do not come from a mineral or vegetable and animal source, but have they were simply created and planted or buried, or introduced into the earth's soil by our "extraterrestrial" brethren.
    The termination of material resources - said and natural - actually expresses a time, a period, in which our humanity must reach a certain LEVEL of scientific and technological DEVELOPMENT: such as mastering the controlled thermonuclear reaction, as the greatest source of inexhaustible energy. We must not fight among ourselves, as in the jungle, but try to awaken ourselves in the knowledge of things, to move on to the heavenly science of our creators: God and the extraterrestrial worlds.
    Until now, no such information was published, but it is now in the news. Every year incursions of O.Z.N.'s (heavenly ships) take place above the silos with nuclear weapons. That is, aliens deactivate our nuclear weapons for over 60 years, weapons 20 meters below the ground. When an O.Z.N. in the air above the silo and sends a red ray to the ground, on the launch screens it appears: "No gou!" And the Americans and the Russians have declared these incidents. We as a humanity have developed ourselves militarily, but not at the high level of the extraterrestrial entities that supervise us!
    That is why, not coincidentally, in 1985, presidents Mihail Gorbachev and Ronald Regan met and decided to build several ITER = International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, as an international scientific collaboration between the peoples of the earth's world. Researches in the field of controlled thermonuclear fusion have been carried out for over 60 years, there are many installations of many kinds, and over time I have studied them, and I have come to the conclusion that controlled thermonuclear fusion can be achieved, but not after the models presented on the Internet. We can make an installation: according to the operating model of the Sun; after the description made by the patriarch ENOH in his book and after the outline of the device for the production and emission of the magnetic field flux, a sketch that is on the tombstone of Palenque - Mexico.
    I'm talking about Patriarch Enoch, who was very little quoted in the Bible, but he talks a lot in his book, describing everything the angels showed him in heaven, how the heavenly world works and about us people. But the Book of Enoch was considered APOCRIFY (that says too many real and clear things) and thus the Bible was covered with a great deal of information. In the Book of Enoch chapter 68, the patriarch Enoch being in a celestial ship, which gravitates around the Earth, the angels show him more things from heaven and Earth but also show him the camps of all stars and all the lights".
    In the south of France at Cadarache (near Nice), the experimental energy source is being built: the 42-hectare ITER, and in 2018 the construction was completed in half. If we surround the participants in the construction: Japan, China, Korea, India, Russia, the European Union, the United States of America and others, we notice that we are on the path of globalization. After about 200 Tokamak-type installations, with Laser and other types built over the last 60 years, NO ONE HAS WORKED, and then I think that what is being built now will not work with the model it is running, and with the technology used.
    The notion of: "FIRE", .. flames of fire, tongues of fire, living fire, circle of fire, vivid of fire, circle of fire burning in the four corners and ascending like rivers of living fire, all these refer to the electromagnetic field beam of the magnetic trap, which surrounds the installation and enters the thermonuclear combustion chamber again to powerfully space the thermonuclear plasma sphere of the reaction. In the heavenly ship Enoh believes that he is shown a wonderful divine vision, and he describes without knowing exactly what he describes, that energy installation, clearly seeing the unfolding of the thermonuclear reaction in the middle of that light, and in addition seeing the path of the electromagnetic fluxes of the magnetic trap. , inside and outside the thermonuclear combustion chamber.
    Two spherical halves joined in the middle form the spherical chamber of thermonuclear combustion. I made the sketches from 2012, I gave them on the Internet, but few noticed them. I think this will look like the first controlled thermonuclear reactor installation, and we should call it: "ENOH-PACAL model controlled thermonuclear reactor!" This is a standard model for future energy installations, which will give us electricity for all our installations. industrial and domestic.
    I did some 40 years ago an attempt to make a device for the production and emission of a strong electromagnetic field flux, I saw that "something moved", but I did not have the control devices and the necessary electrical current . Then my limited possibilities did not stop. But today, when we see clearly the rapid depletion of fossil fuels, and the long questionable construction of ITER, I try by those exposed to participate as much as possible in the realization of the controlled thermonuclear fusion with the project of a simple and fast to build facility.
    With a team of 50 people with manufacturing experience: 20 engineers, and 30 skilled workers, you can do a working group within the ITER site, in a work area of ​​approximately 800 square meters, powered by existing utilities: electricity, cryogenics, vacuum installation, verification equipment, and with a financial fund of ten million euros, I think that one year can be obtained from starting the necessary results to build a controlled thermonuclear fusion plant for marketing that directly produces electricity without steam and turbines, without switch of heat.

  • @jeravincer
    @jeravincer Před 3 lety +1

    Ok so no fusion - but you are proving one thing - how a publicly funded research facility can first attract huge dollars by promising one thing AND continue to attract huge dollars by not delivering but cycling through to more promises ... well done all!

    • @metatron5199
      @metatron5199 Před 3 lety

      Despite the scientists promoting the work being done under the giest of solving sustainable fusion reactions, this turns out not to be the case at all. Yes the work they do subsequently teaches them more about fusion fundamentally which in turn can be used to help solve the problems surrounding fusion reactor research... but fundamentally NIF is used to research how to build better nuclear weapons specifically trying to solve the problem of creating a pure fusion weapon aka the holy grail of nuclear weapons as a true fully developed fusion weapon would be able to leave little to no fallout thus allowing for the deployment of nuclear weapons tactically with less chance of MAD as the possibility of yield strength being designed to fit any size yield parameters essentially. So just bc they advocate this as fusion research, which it is as I already stated, it's just not a project working directly to create working fusion reactor. Rather to reiterate NIF is a tool used to help research and develop better nuclear bombs and hopefully a pure fusion weapon, also NIF subsequently can essentially simulate nuclear bomb detonations (obviously on a much smaller scale) allowing the us to conduct further bomb research without the need to actually detonate anymore atomic bombs hence why this is such an important project within the us physics community...

    • @nicolasleman2728
      @nicolasleman2728 Před 3 lety

      Only 10 KJ was deliverd to the target by 1.9 MJ sum of the lasers power four years ago/ one month ago they delivered 300 KJ to the target by using only 1.6 MJ sum of the lasers power. Think about who goverment should to sponsor.

    • @Scott_C
      @Scott_C Před 3 lety

      @@nicolasleman2728 Where do they post this information?

    • @jaytate491
      @jaytate491 Před 9 měsíci

      We've reached fusion twice now. Our last was nearly double the output of our first.

  • @paulklasmann1218
    @paulklasmann1218 Před 2 lety

    This is all very interesting and the recent achievements commendable, not to mention interesting. However, supposing that the technology works and can be applied around the world, will this mean cheaper or more expensive energy bills for the average consumer. That's what really matters. Most if not all of this work is tax payer funded. Will we get cheaper bills in return or continue to be fleeced by the energy companies? ...Keeping in mind how cheap and abundant the fuel is.

  • @keithbrowning3476
    @keithbrowning3476 Před 2 lety

    Sell it

  • @__Andrew_
    @__Andrew_ Před rokem +1

    PLEASE give us a rest from stupidly offputting incessant background music!!!! Why do you do it??
    A great shame, downvoted,skipped to the end.

  • @AJ-jy6lb
    @AJ-jy6lb Před rokem

    This is rather odd,...“The physics phenomenon has been demonstrated,” says Riccardo Betti of the Laboratory for Laser Energetics at the University of Rochester. - - - & - - - “This is extremely exciting, it’s a major breakthrough,” says Anne White, a plasma physicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
    "Betti and White also co-authored a report on the subject." Betti & White? Betty White? WHAT?! Fusion = Betty White???