How to build a virtual home network with OpenWrt in Virtualbox
Vložit
- čas přidán 28. 05. 2024
- MANY THANKS TO ALL MY PATRONS on / onemarcfifty !!!
Please visit my channel page: / onemarcfifty
Want to talk to me? Join my Discord Server: / discord
Using Virtualbox we build a virtual home network with two OpenWrt Routers, a Linux VM and a Windows VM and a LAN and a WAN. You can use this to try out all of the stuff that I have presented in my network videos.
00:00 (tell) Setting the scene, content
00:37 (intro) OneMarcFifty - the place for digital DIY
00:46 (tell) describing the solution
01:53 (show) Installing Virtualbox in Windows
03:45 (show) Installing Virtualbox in Linux
08:40 (tell) enable vt-x in Bios
09:20 (show) configure the LAN in Virtualbox
10:54 (tell) build the 1st router
11:14 (show) Installing the 1st OpenWrt Router
21:07 (tell) Installing 2nd router in LAN
21:47 (show) Installing 2nd OpenWrt Router
27:10 (tell) Adding additional images
28:40 (show) Adding images and setting LAN network
29:35 (tell) Taking Snapshots and reverting
How to test scenarios from other videos
Home VPN with Wireguard
VPN Service / Wireguard VPS
31:33 (show) bridging Ethernet and Wi-Fi into Virtualbox
33:16 (tell) conclusion, call to action, wrap up
Links in the video:
Virtualization settings Bios : www.isumsoft.com/computer/ena...
VirtualBox download: www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downl...
OpenWrt image: downloads.openwrt.org/release...
Ubuntu: releases.ubuntu.com/20.04.1/u...
Debian: cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/...
Windows 10: www.microsoft.com/de-de/softw...
Related videos:
Wireguard VPN for home network access on OpenWrt: • VPN for your Home Netw...
Wireguard VPN on a linux VPS: • How to make your own V...
VPN bonding part 1: • Double Internet Speed ...
VPN bonding part 2: • Combining two internet...
Chat with Marc on Discord - • Video
Building a home network on a budget: • HOME NETWORK on a BUDGET
Marc on Twitter: / onemarcfifty
Marc on Facebook: / onemarcfifty
Marc on Reddit: / onemarcfifty
Chat with me on Discord: / discord
Licence-free music on / Lizenzfreie Musik von www.terrasound.de/lizenzfreie...
Acknowledgement: The Linux penguin ("tux") is based on an initial suggestion on the linux-kernel mailing list by Alan Cox. The design is by lewing@isc.tamu.edu - many thanks !!! - Věda a technologie
Please visit my channel page: czcams.com/channels/G5Ph9Mm6UEQLJJ-kGIC2AQ.html
Want to talk to me? Join my Discord Server: discord.com/invite/DXnfBUG
Chaps, if you are having issues with building the environment etc, please join me on discord - see details in this video czcams.com/video/VouCBt1NTjw/video.html and we can troubleshoot it LIFE!!!
I came to your channel and now realise I missed a great channel if I found it a year back it would be a great knowledge in my skill portfolio. You are doing a great job, thank you.
Many thanks ! You found it - that's what counts ;-)
Wow. Great Presentation. I was able to get both routers up and running with Ubuntu Server, Win10 and Ubuntu Desktop as clients on this network. Thanks for this video!!
Many thanks for your feedback and for sharing! I am glad it worked ;-)
Loved this very interesting video, thank you. The new format would work for me. I could listen and watch you all day! Many other channels could benefit from your approach to sharing your profound knowledge. Cheers from the UK.
Cheers mate, very kind of you !
Just discovered your channel yesterday, it took you half a video to make me subscribe... excelent job.
Amazing, many thanks !!!
Clear and simple explained. Perfect. Gut gemacht !!!
Glad you liked it! Many thanks!
Found your channel today, excellent content! Tell, show, tell is a tried and tested presentation technique, so that gets my vote (subscribed..)
Hi Tony, yes - I do agree - it does work extremely well in presales (even though I am not selling anything here...) - Many thanks for your feedback!
Great! Great! Great! Many thanks for such a valuable content and the way you explain it. Shocked and hunger for more!
Cool, glad you liked it - and thanks for the feedback !
Thank you so much for this! Been struggling with this for weeks, if only I found your video sooner!
Subscribed as your content looks great, thanks :)
I also found the format most helpful :)
Hi John, many thanks for the feedback and many thanks for subscribing ;-)
Many thanks for this amazing resource. It was extremely helpful in understanding and setting up OpenWrt. I'd love one which uses docker though.
Hi, many thanks for your feedback ;-)
This is a great video - I'm studying security and was looking for a way to sandbox in a virtual lab. Perfect! Thanks :)
Thank you very much !
Excellent explanations. Please keep up the good work. I very much appreciate it.
Many thanks! I am glad that you like it!
Really nicely done sir!
Hello from San Diego, CA.
Hi, many thanks !
G'day OneMarcFifty
I followed your instruction to the tea until I came to adapter 2 and had to fiddle around given the setup is somewhat different in the OSX VirtualBox instead of manufacture drivers, it took me sometime to figure out which one works and it is en0: Reset by DHCP, the other are for references: en1: WI-FI (Airport), en2: Thunderbolt 1, en3:Thunderbolt 2, bridge0, p2p0, awdl0, llw0. And now I can log into luci and continue with the rest of the setup , thanks again.
Cheers
Excellent, many thanks for letting us know. I would have loved to do this on macos but I am kind of in between Macs at the moment 😉 cheers mate 😉
Very detailed tutorial, many many thanks.
You’re welcome- thanks for watching;-)
Suscribed from Spain. Thanks for your efforts teaching and helping to discover new functionalities or new ways to do this things. You have a couple of beers waiting if you visit Castilla y León. Hope that can be possible for all in months. Take care all of you.
I need to warn you here - inviting Germans for free beer can be a costly exercise ;-)
I know. Just because of that i didn't mention our vine "Ribera de Duero" or the whites of "Rueda".
amazing video, you are great on the presentation. this is the first video I watched and I loved tell show tell system. Keep going please. One side note: As suggestions, I love to see fix things type video, and you are very knowledgeable person. Teach the very hard things to do (like this video) and success is yours. A personal request from me would be how to protect your home office. How to build a firewall and best practices to get everything secure. Thanks
Many thanks for the feedback - and I also like your suggestion ! Now - with regards to the home office environment - would you look at this in the lights of separating private stuff from office stuff (because if you work remotely for a company then they should look after the endpoint security of the device really) - or are you using your own device (BYOD) to work for your company ?
Thank you,..sir.Very imformative lesson.
Thank you very much!
great videos great lessons,all is perfect and clear
Awesome, many thanks - I am very happy that you like the videos !!!
Great idea make test environment. Did not know you can make integrate virtual box and openwrt together.
Many thanks for your feedback! Yes, that came to me like an idea when I asked myself how to show a real use of Virtualbox. And a main driver was because I always had to re-image hardware when I wanted to do OpenWrt videos ;-)
@@OneMarcFifty Definitely needed and you fill the gap here with it. Am glad to have found your channel.
Just turned on notification bell.
Missed 6 videos 😲
Thanks for switching notification on and thanks for checking back in ;-) Hope you like the last videos!
Really helpful, Thanks
Thank you very much!
Great video! Thank you a lot!
You're welcome - thanks for watching !
Just found out you exist. Love your way to explain
Hi Jean-Francois, thank you very much - glad to have you here on my channel.
This is extremely helpful even a year later
Thank you very much!
Thanks your video! Arion from Hong Kong
Thank you for your feedback - Greetings from Germany ;-)
@OneMrcFifty thanks for the great tutorial really helpful. Thanks alot
Thank you!
great video. Thanks
Thank you very much!
For the virtual edge router, since the latest OpenWrt 21.02 added DSA support and new UCI/network configuration syntax, 'wan' for eth1 has to be manually added to let the WAN work.
Many thanks for sharing Kevin - will issue a V21 video soon
@@OneMarcFifty Thanks for taking care of this in the future and your detailed explanation of DSA in your latest video!
Thank you very much, I really appreciate it.
Thank you very much ! czcams.com/channels/G5Ph9Mm6UEQLJJ-kGIC2AQ.html
Thanks for great presentation. Could You please describe if it is possible to forward host OS traffic through virtual router in VirtualBox ?
WOW!! Looked for promox and looked for hours!! Very good job, thank you!!
Many questions but have to get new hardware first to install proxmox.
First to ask is: can you convert a running metal machine and convert it into a virtual machine? Very curious in this item!
Yes, I still use VMWare where 9 servers are running for long time. Also use Parallels on MAC and Virtual box for testing. I was Novell guy since 3.11 (1988) and grew along till 2008. Then changed job and country and got never really back into networks. Too bad, miss it! Time to retire soon and get back into networks and pick up some programming!
Hello Henk, Yes - I have made a video on that matter : czcams.com/video/X3q5nLNBHig/video.html
Thank you so much for this video. I wanted to ask you if the laptop should be connected via cable "LAN" to the modem, and not be "WiFi" enabled on the laptop?
Hi Mirsad, in theory it doesn't really matter how you connect your laptop to the Internet. I am preferring cabled solution if available however
Great video OneMarcFifty !!! I really enjoyed and learned a lot from it !!!
I have some questions that hope you could help:
1) After you have setup the "Internal router", if you want to have PC's that connect to this internal router on its LAN side, how would you set it up ?
2) When a VirtualBox VM has 2 interfaces (e.g. one host-only and one "bridged" as in the Edge Router), how does OpenWRT pick which interface would be for WAN and which would be for LAN ? In the Edge Router case, the bridged interface seems to become the WAN interface and the Host-only interface becomes the LAN one, while for the Internal Router, the Host-only LAN becomes the WAN port.
Thanks so much again
If you would want "real" PC's to connect to the internal "sandbox" then you'd have to VPN into the sandbox from the outside / WAN side of the router. If you are talking about virtual machines, then just add them and give them the same virtual interface. OpenWrt wil assign the FIRST interface (eth0) to the LAN and the SECOND interface (eth1) to the WAN by default.
@@OneMarcFifty Thanks for your reply. I was talking about "virtual machines". Can you elaborate on the "add them and give the same virtual interface" ? When you add the interface for the VM, I am not sure how to indicate if this interface is connected to the edge router or the inner router.
In your setup, the edge router has 2 interfaces: Host-only and bridged, and it acts as DHCP ever. The inner router only has the host-only interface, and it receives IP from the edge router. Technically, the inner router can also have DHCP turned on to give IPs to its own clients. So, with a new VM added, I am not clear how to indicate which network the new VM belong to / which DHCP server to obtain IP from.
Regarding the second point (i.e. which interface is LAN/which is WAN), because the inner router gets IP from the edge router, I assume the only interface that it has (Host Only) acts as "WAN". Am I understanding this correctly ?
Thanks again for your help.
Thanks!
...and thank you ;-)
Now I will drop my pfSense VM in favor of this!
Awesome ;-) Let us know how it goes ;-)
Awesome 👌
Thank you very much !
Amazing effort, I am using VMware, I hope it won't be much different.
It should not be too different - let me know how it goes
thank you
Thank you for watching;-)
Great video. a simple question. So I created 1 edge router and 1 internal router like in the video. How can I connect another VM instance like Ubuntu to the internal router? I set the network setting to host-only adapter and it connects to the edge router. How can I configure the ubuntu vm to the internal router?
You want to have a DMZ between the internal and the external router right ? In this case you would have to add another host only network in between. If you just want to open luci on the internal router then just open the page on its ip address. If you want we can play this through tomorrow on discord.
@@OneMarcFifty it will be great. Thanks!
Great tutorial. Can we set a VLAN interface on this Virtualbox-Openwrt?
Erm.... Not sure, but presumably not directly. What you would have to do is create ethx.y manually and thenchange the network on the VM settings under network, seect Bridge and from there select the right VLAN adapter (e.g. eth0.56 for VLAN 56 on eth0) haven't tested this though, so I am not sure if you can actually select the virtual adapter from there.
What was the reason for you using an Edge Router for your virtual lan. Do I need to use the physical router type or model that I have setup in my network for the OpenWRT router in VirtualBox
Hi, the reason is that this way you can easily test real world scenarios such as port forwarding or VPN access. For Virtualbox you use the x86 image
Add to my watchlist now
twitter.com/rifaterdemsahin/status/1323548965229326336
@@RifatErdemSahin Many thanks for this ;-) I'll be working on your suggestions - stay tuned !!!
Virtualbox version 6.1.28 will need the custom setting in order to change the static ip on the network adopter.
If not, simply use the 6.1.26
Many thanks for sharing !
same with 6.1.31.. Im looking up the custom setting now
Hi, do you know how to set up a port forwarding rule while only allow a list of Cloudflare IP addresses to access the open port (port 80)? (Via OpenWRT) thanks 🙏🏻
Network-Firewall-Port Forward, then add, forward port 80 to destination, go to the advanced tab and spcify the list of ip addresses in the Source IP Fields
why didn't i think of that! dude i have been running a test router for years to try out vlans and the like before committing them ! brilliant! (i run the church IT) ohh ! do you have a recommendation for a vps UK ? and while we are thinking! openwrt x86 running on a vps? does that make sense for wireguard / openvpn
maybe omv on an vps would be better?
Many thanks for your feedback! Yes, I was exactly the same until just recently I thought - man, you can‘t keep flashing routers for your videos and also I needed to give my viewers a playground environment for testing etc. W/r to VPS - might be possible using Docker on the VPS - I‘ll give it a longer thought 😉
Hi.. Is that possible to connect a client in to your second openwrt (internal openwrt not wan openwrt). How to do it?
hey great video. vmware esxi is available on a raspberry pi now. Would you be able to do a video on running openwrt as a vm on that? Cheers
Oh cool, I was not aware of that. Is it for free ? Can you configure network parameters ? I will need to check.
@@OneMarcFifty its in an alpha build at the moment. the limitation in the documentation is that usb nics may be limited to 200megabit but i have not been able to install openwrt it yet. openwrt comes as a .img and vmware requires iso or ova file. you can do some network parameters, havent looked into a lot yet.
Awesome - I'll need to check this out ;-)
@@clonetrooper5674 A quick trick worth a try is to rename the .img to .iso and see if it works - some programs can handle that just fine. No idea about ESXi though, sorry.
@@gordslater Thanks mate!
Is OpenWRT really the most easy way to route between different subnets in VirtualBox? Or are there other router software, as small in size and RAM as OpenWRT, that can be easily applied for routing in VirtualBox?
The smallest solution would be a simple linux box (could be distro-free or Alpine...) and just enable routing by adding net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 in /etc/sysctl.conf. The box would then act as a router.
Question Would I be able to connect my Xbox to the either Vitural Router ?🤔
thx! though!
Thank you - you're welcome.
WHen dealing with virtual machines, is there any benefit to picking x64 over x86? It has always been my understanding that 64bit drivers have a much larger memory footprint and should only be considered an option above a certain amount of RAM.
-my knowledge may be outdated, oldfashioned and archeic ...
Well - you are right, 64 bit uses more memory. If you do not intend to use more than 4 GB of RAM inside your VM and if every software you intend to use inside is available as 32 Bit then presumably you don't get that big of an advantage using 64 Bit. I am not sure to what extend you would take a performance hit though. Presumably negligable. Btw, the question had been asked here on superuser: superuser.com/questions/451343/virtualbox-x64-vs-x86
Is there a way to easily do this through in a headless computer with only SSH access and no desktop environment? I am trying to install OpenWrt on my Linux NAS and use it as an additional Wi-Fi access point with a Wi-Fi USB dongle, if possible.
You might want to use libvirt / kvm / qemu for this rather than virtualbox.
@@OneMarcFifty actually, I tried using QEMU, but trying to create and manage VMs in the command line was a pain for me. So what I ended up doing is install VirtualBox and use phpVirtualBox to access VirtualBox in a browser page. Worked very well.
Cool
I would love if somebody could emulate a virtual wifi adapter so you can test out at least a few things, but cool idea to install OpenWRT virtual to get my feet wet, after the TP-Link WA1201 was a bust (V3 is not possible for OpenWRT)
You could use a cheap 2.4 ghz usb stick and pass it through to the vm.
@@OneMarcFifty hm, that's true, I have a few from old times, I just need look up, how to do it in qemu/kvm/libvirt, but it should be possible.
Or easier, just use an old laptop, I have so many old ones I dont use, i can just use one of them. Put an old ssd into it, and let's go.
How make it possible to open LuCI interface outside the virtual box, that's from the browser in the host. They are in different network, right ? HOST (Browser) is in 192.168.139.158/24 and LuCI hosted in 192.168.99.1/24
On the host you have different network interfaces. The Virtualbox interfaces do / can have IP addresses in the guest range. The routing table of your host should adjust. So in oter words, if you open 192.168.99.1 then you should get to Luci.
Tip: Run VBoxManage on an administrative command prompt.
You're talking about Virtualbox on Windows right ? Many thanks for the tip ;-)
hi, I have a full home cabling network, I want to use old Linksys WRT160nl as mesh via cable..how can this be done by DD-WRT?
Hi, I would not recommend using that device with OpenWrt. Probably too weak. I have stopped using DD-WRT like ten years ago so I am afraid I can't really help you with that.
Please how can we connect our physical device to this virtual AP, how can I scan for WiFi connection searching for the openwrt, do I need a wireless card?
Hi Marc, I want to setup a virtual Lab to test/simulate the firewall config for WireGuard on an real device (previous effort a had to fail safe boot the device :S) and for that I want to follow this tutorial. But is does not work :( It gets stuck after 11.209667 seconds:
IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth1: link becomes ready
Any idea where I go wrong? I tried different settings, promiscuous mode inclusive (what was necessary for VMWARE) ...
TIA Mario
Hi Mario, maybe disable IPV6 addresses ? It might be that the device is waiting for DHCP6 but there is no server or maybe the machine was cloned ? In this case the IPV6 could be duplicate on the network. Anyhow, wayting 2-5 minutes should resolve it. HAve you waited long enough ?
@@OneMarcFifty can you believe this solution? but first some context ... IPv6 was not the problem and I had the same situation on VMware workstation (that boots a couple of seconds faster!) so it had to be with the image ... right? ... no wrong :p It was just clicking ENTER and the busybox ascii art appeared ... 3 hours of my life wasted ;S but in the end I learned something that maybe helps sb else ... KUTGW! BTW have you seen the fuzz on wireguard breach in pfsense?
Aaaaaargghhhhh ;-) well, glad you got it sorted !!!
May I ask how to enable the Mac Address whitelist for the admin page (192.168.0.1) on OpenWrt? For example, I only want to allow my phone’s MAC address to access the router admin page, to prevent other users on the network from accessing the admin page in case they know the password. Is this possible?
You need two traffic rules to do this. First add a traffic rule (Network-Firewall-Traffic rules). Call it "Allow HTTP", select Proto=tcp, Source zone LAN, Source Address (your IP) Destination Zone Device (input), Action accept. Then add a second rule which you call "Deny HTTP", same parameters, but no source address specified. This filters on IP address. Make your IP address static in the DHCP in order to make sure it's always you.
@@OneMarcFifty thanks 🙏🏻
Is it possible to install openwrt on laptop and use it us as a router?
Hi, yes you can do that. You could even run it from a USB stick. Just use the x86 image.
Hi sir, i followed your tutorial and it works funtastic, but it did not work on port forwarding using dynamic dns, can i ask a help on how to solve it? thanks
Where do you configure the port forward?
I love the video, but I hate OpenWRT. But I need it as a router between different LANs in VirtualBox (Static routing).
I can't manage to get to work a 2nd, maybe a 3rd LAN-Subnet and set up the static routing between all 3 LANs (I don't need WAN).
How to do static routing??
Hi, many thanks for the feedback ! Actually, as OpenWrt is "just" linux, you may do everything exactly like you would do it in Linux. Either with the OpenWrt (L)uCI interface or without. In LuCI, you can add static routes under network-static routes. In the ssh shell you can just do ip route add....
i tried following your video from the very beginning but i don't understand why i cant ping the static IP we just set on virtualBox (192.168.99.2). :(
Hi Mark, it should be pingable from the routers and from the outside. Have you tried restarting the PC or at least the virtualbox services ? Sometimes it's not sure that the changes have been taken into consideration by Virtualbox. Does everything else work as expected ?
@@OneMarcFifty Thank you for looking into my comment. It's kind weird because i can ping other devices in my home network but not the one that is in the virtual oracle side (192.168.99.1). I am able to fix the issue by isolating windows firewall. Thanks for this tutorial vid. I learned a lot from you!
@@yakumark Wow I was with the same issue. I'm glad I found your comment, I disabled windows firewall now I can ping 192.168.99.2 from inside openwrt router.
VirtualBox still keeps giving the 192.168.56.103 address to the internal router, despite disabling DHCP on the host adapter. Running virtualbox 6.1.30 - any ideas why this happens? How to fix? Can't get past 25:00
I've seen that happening - a restart of the Virtualbox services or even a reboot might be required so that Virtualbox accepts the changes.
@@OneMarcFifty yes I managed to fix it. The first time I closed virtualbox by hitting the X in the top right corner and the problem was still present. The second time I closed it by doing File -> Exit, exactly like you did and that fixed it lol. Glitchy VBox! Thanks
Is it possible to run Openwrt from a USB dongle without flashing the router firmware? That an idea.
Great question ;-) first off: that's not easy. You would need to flash the router with a "generic" loader that can load the USB storage driver and then boot from the USb (routers don't have efi or similar). Like for example a simple kernel building a ramdisk and then boot from the USB. I have not seen anybody do this without compiling custom OpenWrt build. There is a longer article here: forum.openwrt.org/t/booting-openwrt-from-usb/14263/13
You can try openwrt on a S905 STB. Run it via sdcard.
Ah very true, one of the multimedia boxes. For trying and testing that would work - you could even add a managed switch or a 2nd Ethernet with USB I guess. Great idea!!
I know of one OS that can run from either ram-drive or USB , Slax. www.slax.org/ something to give you a glimpes.
@@Redbackss There are various linux distros that run from a USB stick, such as DSL Linux ("Damn small linux") or Knoppix - the challenge will be to have your router boot from these as typically they will be made for x86 architecture (i.e. a PC) where as a router is a differet architecture, such as ARM or Atheros. And on these the boot loaders (e.g. U-Boot) have different behaviors. What is the hardware you would want to run this on ? Do you have a specific router in mind ?
Ubuntu is based on Debian, and the installer will work with either one.
Thank you.
@OneMarcFifty i hope u read that, i used to create network for OpenMCTCPRouter in Virtualbox. My host can ping router normally, but router can`t ping host, and host can`t open webpage in 192.168.100.1 (i switched VirtualBox Network from 192.168.56.1). Do you know what i need to do?
Make sure the DHCP functionality in Virtualbox is switched off and restart the Virtualbox network adapters and services
@@OneMarcFifty yes I'm sure, VirtualBox reinstalled and restarted too. Windows 11
Maybe the router is using the virtualbox interface as wan interface? If you type “ip addr” in the shell of the router, then it should tell you which interface has which address.
I had problem with DHCP server seen in TOOLS/Network in VirtualBOX. Turning off this server do not work. Serwer was working still and in open wrt internal i had still the .56. ip number.
Solution is to go to Virtualbox menu File-Prererences-Network . Create Nat Network with default settings and turn uff DHCP in that window. And now i have .99. ip in open wrt internal.
Many thanks for sharing! I‘ve seen that DHCP setting behave sticky as well until I restarted vbox.
@@OneMarcFifty Thank you for your work. It is fun for me to watch and learn about virtualization.
where can I set dhcp for openwrt? After cloning I have twice 192.168.99.1 ?
DHCP on VirtalBox is disable, now it doesn't work, do you have any tipps ? for me openwrt didn't work as an dhcp-Server
greetings and thanks
Hi Mario, you would need to make sure that the server and client are on the same Virtualbox network.
@@OneMarcFifty Thanks, for your replay.
I think it's up to Virtual box. It is running on a domain computer and it is not possible to delete Virtual-Box's native DHCP server. But on a workstation without domain membership, the host-only network can be changed and customized to make the setup work.
As a tip, virtual box on a domain computer is very bugy.
As an addition, I also tried with domain admin rights, but it was useless it didn't work!
at 19.48 it says to ping but when I ping nothing happens - where could be the problem?
Old comment, but do a shotgun test by disabling your firewall and then if that fixes your problem add a more finetuned rule to allow traffic in from your router IP. That was my problem.
lots of work put into the video. I did take screenshots to do this but doing this on your time is not so easy consider building a udemy/skillshare course as well that could also boost the network affect as well.
Many thanks - I'll think this over ;-)
@@OneMarcFifty it took us 12 weeks for the first course. It take more time for the first time.
im not getting ping to 192.168.99.2 ,i have no idea why
Hi, that’s a but tough to tell from a distance and would require more info. Maybe hop on the discord server and explain it there
I'm having the same problem
Kami menggunakan stb bekas indihome sebagai perangkat router openwrt
Terima kasih banyak atas tanggapan Anda