How We Mapped the Stars
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- čas přidán 22. 05. 2024
- How can we possibly measured the distance to things a quadrillion km away?
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For the music in the video I asked the amazing Tom Fox to craft thoughtful music that reflects the beauty of this topic. He did an excellent job. He can make music for you to: tfbeats.com/
Links to some really awesome videos and visualizations on this topic:
Here's the space map you can play with yourself www.solarsystemscope.com/
Astromagazine: 35 minutes of flying through though the stars • How does it look like ...
Fly Through a Nebula 163,000 Light Years Away: • The Most Unbelievable ...
The Size of the Universe - Martin Rees • The Size of the Univer...
Thank you Priyamvada Natarajan from Yale for chatting with me about this! She literally wrote the book on this stuff (called 'Mapping the Heavens' www.amazon.com/Mapping-Heaven... )
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Johnny Harris is a filmmaker and journalist. He currently is based in Washington, DC, reporting on interesting trends and stories domestically and around the globe. Johnny's visual style blends motion graphics with cinematic videography to create content that explains complex issues in relatable ways. He holds a BA in international relations from Brigham Young University and an MA in international peace and conflict resolution from American University.
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Man I sure hope that part about Henrietta's Graph came thru clearly for everyone. that was one of the hardest things I've ever tried to explain in a video. But I think it was worth it to show the ingenious discoveries of curious people. Thanks for watching!
Thank you for the amazing videos in these hard times, Johnny!
Amazing video 🙏🏽 pin your comment on top
It looks very clear to me!
Johnny the animations and visuals in the video are on point!!! Amazing
Probably could never do the mathematical modeling the way she did it, but I do understand the mechanics of it thanks to you.
Henrietta is underrated. Give this woman a name in an observatory or anything like a souvenir
All of the Harvard College Observatory computers are underrated. They should not be called computers. They were astronomers. Any number of them, Henrietta Leavitt included, should have earned a PhD for her efforts. But at that time that was not possible for women at that time. Finally, in 1925, one of them did get a PhD. Her name was Cecelia Payne, and she figured out the chemical composition of the stars; she also set off a revolution in our understanding of the stars in doing so. Dava Sobel has written a very interesting book about the Harvard College Observatory and its computers. It is called The Glass Universe. Highly recommend it for anyone who is curious about this period in the history of astronomy.
@Jonatan Westholm pointed out that she has a telescope named after her since 2017!!
twitter.com/SuperASASSN/status/910689467400429569
Better yet, name a star or universe after her. EG126JK3803YDYL8M isn't too catchy
Better yet, name her by her last name Leavitt instead of Henrietta... like all the other men like Kepler and Hubble.
The asteroid 5383 Leavitt and the crater Leavitt on the Moon are named after her to honor deaf men and women who have worked as astronomers.
One of the ASAS-SN telescopes, located in the McDonald Observatory in Texas, is named in her honor.
Johnny, your curiosity and your determination to pursue it is inspiring.
leave vox Jhonny. make BORDER SERIES your own series. LOL
Ong my favorite channel now
@@kex78 me too lol
Earth is flat and stationary. Space is fake.
Not only that,topics which are hard to understand he explains so so well and sometimes brings me into topics im usually not interested in
From a phd student in Astronomy that has worked on even greater distance measurements: this video is an absolute masterclass in public outreach! It gets the science accurate while avoiding equations. It even finds time to highlight Henrietta Swan Leavitt who did not always get the credit she deserves. I love how you apply your great visual language to astronomy. Definitely motivates me to step up my visual game for presentations!
Underrated comment
What science? Astronomers only use quasi-science. (No offense if you actually devoted your life to astronomy, I am saying its quasi-science not pseudoscience, unless you are actually claiming to do controlled experiments) The "natural experiments" done to come to the conclusion for the distances to stars & planets do not actually have controls for variables in the tests done.
For instance, when Hubble compares a star from one side of the Earth & the other side of the Earth, you can not actually say that you know its 2 astronomical units. The independent variable being the angle you are measuring for a star, the distance "traveled" during the year is an assumption not an independent variable controlled by an experimenter. You are waiting until 6 months later not traveling a distance. Time is not an independent variable.
For me it is hard to get some relations. For example how the Pulsation of the star determine it's distance from us? The video skip the explanation. The Henrietta graph is explained very well but nothing indicates how her graph resolved the distance issue or I'm too dumb to see the relation.
@@mamonth6985 They used the known brightness of the star to determine its distance. So, lets say a star switched from dim to bright every 10 days (frequency). They then know roughly how large the star actually is (by using its frequency) which tells them how bright the star should be. Using the known brightness of the star they can then determine its distance by how dim the star light is compared to what is should be for a star of that size. The name of objects with a known brightness are called standard candles.
@@mamonth6985 He sort of skipped that part. The graph of Henrietta Leavitt showed that, for this particular kind of stars (they are called Cepheid variables, not all stars pulsate), their period of pulsation is related to their brightness. So if you know their period you can get their brightness, and if you know their brightness you can get their distance by employing geometry: the apparent brightness drops in proportion to the square of their distance. This is called the "1/r-squared" law. You can look it up on Wikipedia if you like. However, you still have to calibrate the Leavitt graph. Henrietta Leavitt only had apparent star brightness to work with, so somebody still had to convert those to absolute brightness. That was done by a different geometrical method called the "moving clusters" method. Now it can be done better with parallax thanks to satellites like Gaia and Hipparcos. If you want to get the full details of how we get distances to objects in space - our methods are only touched upon here, though touched upon very well - you can look up the so-called cosmic distance ladder in an astronomy book or online.
"Suddenly the night sky went from 2D to 3D for the first time"
Flat earthers: *_wait that's illegal_*
What has that to do with flat earthers then? ( I'm not one of them btw just wondering )
@@yorbenhebbelinck1169 because they think the earth is flat ( flat = 2D)
Flat earths: Error 404
Only in video games bro
@andrea_ottaviano_augusto8864 it is meant to be a joke, we know they do not believe the sky is 2d.
Imagine how she felt when she first plotted out the graph. DAMN.
*eyes openes widely*
*jaws slowly dropped*
*gasps for what a zamn she just made*
@@walter4708 balls dripping onto the floor
Henrietta should have a telescope named after her.
Why not a star?
@@rikadomez8201 there are billions of stars... but only a few telescopes
There's one in Texas
@@rikadomez8201 you can buy a star for like 30 bucks
@@xaifer2485 r/technicallythetruth
The quality of your work, as a one man job, is absolutely amazing and inspiring. Stellar work as always!
but on this one I had some great help from my friend Jared who edited most of it and my Production assistant jack who did lots of animation. Plus Tom Fox was amazing making all this music. i really rely on this help to make this stuff as quality as it is!
@@johnnyharris have you ever thought of doing a Borders series on Schengen or Northern Ireland?
@@johnnyharris leave vox Jhonny. make BORDER SERIES into your own series. LOL
@@warbler1984 ooooh. Schengen would be good. A Borders on how a place ended up with no borders 😂
Simp
2:34 One interesting thing about Kepler's laws is they don't actually tell us distance, they merely give ratios. Back then, Kepler could say that Jupiter was say 5 times further from the sun than the earth, but to get actual distance, this required knowledge of the distance between the sun and the earth, or the sun and another planet, or the mass of the sun, allowing extrapolation from Newton's laws. This was why the Astronomical Unit came into existence, it represented a distance unknown for a long time.
This was why astronomers (including Kepler) and European powers became somewhat obsessed with the Transit of Venus and sent explorers all around the world to view it. If they could synchronize their watches and view the transit from different points on earth, the parallax of just the earth's surface would have been enough to extrapolate the distance to Venus, allowing us to extrapolate the Astronomical unit and even the mass of the sun, and that's what happened.
Interstellar parallax of course would be completely impossible without knowing the astronomical unit. Just interesting how this was a fundamental problem.
Thanks! How do you know this?
And even before the venus paralax, there was the ancient Greek Aristarchian method, which was essentially using a half-moon to make a right triangle between the earth and the sun, and using the distance to the moon as a leg in the triangle. We roughly knew the distance to the moon via Lunar eclipses, but the whole method relied on being able to measure everything when the moon was exactly half. So, using the naked eye, people got wildly innacurate measurements that were only 20% of the true size, supporting Geocentrism.
It was only with the invention of the telescope that we were able to measure the phase and angles of the moon more precisely, giving us a measurement roughly 60% of the real number. This was still enough to prove Heliocentrism, but scientists wanted better, so they used the paralaxes of Mars and Venus to get us about 90% of the way to the true number. Then, the trasit of Venus took us from 90% to 99% of the correct number. Finally, further discoveries in the physics of light took it from 99% to 99.9%, essentially giving the best guess before the space age.
how do u have so much going on in your head?
ps this was great
shampoo bottles, thoughts in your shower, toilet, and probably the bathroom
Time and some good curiosity
It's easy. Just remember when you were 5 years old. 5 yo tend to infinitely ask parents a question. This guy apparently has never grown out of it.
Smart people get bored easily.
NEARLY 16 MINUTES OF yummy animation ? 😱 What did we do to deserve this 😍😍😍
Same reaction! 🤩
Attention
leave vox Jhonny. make BORDER SERIES your own series. LOL
Support him in patreon maybe
Why always animation when they have the real thing. Hmmmm
As an astronomy enthusiast i have to say that your video editing , animation and narration makes it worth watching the video several times. You made it scientifically accurate and yet so much fun to watch it even to people who know the topic. thank you Johnny Harris!
Plot twist: all these people ate with chopstick compasses.
Johnny entertaining with all this quarantine content.
I literally got goosebumps from learning something I did not expect today :O
Imagine this guy being your physics professor.... What a talent to explain complex concepts like this in a such simplified form.
Great job!
Hey neo ... We love your videos too .... ❤️❤️
Your videos are damn good man,keep up the good work
I'm jealous of you man. Your content is exactly what I've always dreamed of doing. Especially the science stuff. You're too good man.
I must say, I there are just soo many types of methods in cosmic distance ladder, this video is barely scratching the surface. I would definitely love see them all covered. I know this isn't a science channel, but I'm very biased to your method of content delivery. I could honestly watch probably hours of content and lose track of time learning something new.
"Across the sea of space, the stars are other suns."
- CARL SAGAN
The one that blew my mind in astronomy class is using supernovae the as "standard candles" to determine a galaxy's distance from the Milky Way by comparing their known brightness (absolute magnitude) versus their apparent brightness (apparent magnitude).
I seriously appreciate your work so much! The schooling system in my country stresses a lot on scoring and not actually understanding stuff. A few of the things you talked about were part of our syllabus but watching this I felt so much more interested in them. Thanks for putting out genuine and amazing content.
Hey I study astrophisics and for those interested, those pulsating things are called cepheids and it’s also possible to estimate distance using super novae because we know how their brightness decays. A big leap for distance estimates that you forgot to mention was hubble’s law, Hubble observed that objects travel away from us at a (near) constant rate because of the expansion of the universe, because of this traveling away some element specific radiation is redshifted from which you can conclude how fast it is traveling away and, using the law, how far away it is. Really great video tho! I really enjoyed it
awesome work Johnny , ty for sharing with us!
I'm also fascinated that we get to map our galactic neighborhoods but not yet explored our ocean floor. Great video tho! 😃
its crazy its almost like starring into the sky filled with bright objects is alot easier then starring into a deep body of darkness of water.
Such a complex concept explained so eloquently, I wish I had teachers like Johnny when I was in school
I CANT UNDERSTAND WHY YOUR VIDEOS DONT HAVE BILLION VIEWS? Your channel is one of the best. I can t even imagine how much you work for the videos. Thank you!
Johnnnny! Miss you man. You’ve inspired me ever since I met you in the good old days at the mtc. Been following you ever since. Admire all your work, the creativity, knowledge, thoughtfulness and insight you put into each project that you do. Much love
You been an inspiration Harris .Knowing different things never gets old. Thanks for such diverse content ❤️
A mathematician (I forget who) tried to nominate Leavitt for the Nobel Prize but wasn’t accepted because she had died from cancer three years prior.
Edit: (1) The mathematician was Magnus Gösta Mittag-Leffler from the Swedish Academy of Sciences.
(2) I haven't seen anyone acknowledge the fact that Leavitt was deaf. I think that's worth noting, given her impact to the field of astronomy.
I love how you follow questions. . I know it’s not easy to get answers, but I love the way you chase and finds it.
I have been watching your videos for a while now Johnny. And I always enjoy how clearly you explain everything. But this one takes the cake! Well done
Your videos are just so inspiring and wonderful to watch. Every day I'm watching one of your videos and always feel like I know more of our world and space. Thank you
johnny is such an awesome creator! literally one of the best on this platform. he needs more recognition. lets get him on trending
Johnny and team, unbelievable work. Great storytelling, beautiful motion graphics. The last part about Henrietta was so well explained, I could really feel your fascination. Thank you! Keep creating!
I have just found your channel.... watched 4 videos...
This is by far one of the most underrated channels I have seen.....
I have been looking for this kind of videos and you prepared it as I wanted with almost all information...
Thanks and best wishes for you and your channel
Your storytelling gets better and better on each video and I don't even know how you can do that! your work is amazing, Johnny! so inspiring! thanks for sharing :)
Johnny! A better, more detailed explanation of the standard candle than I’ve seen anywhere (sorry, Matt from PBS Spacetime 😬). Well done. Glad you’re back onto maps, and nice throwback to the flat earth video.
I think I've watched all your videos. Great content, and this is probably my favorite. Amazing work as always.
Thank you Johnny for making this one! Truly appreciate the efforts and the though process for making it so visually appealing to understand it effortlessly!! You and your team have earned my respect!
Johnny I think this lockdown is making you take some interesting directions in your content. Soldier own.
Johnny it seems like you are becoming a reincarnation of Vsauce now. And I love it.
John, I amazed on how similar we are, clearly not physical but in the things you are interested, motion graphics, traveling, culture, etc. Today when I saw you made a video about starts my mind was blown away, that’s my jam. Keep up the good work, I will always be your fan. Thanks for everything, including sharing a little bit of your personal life.
And with that, I've finished all your videos. Cheers for putting so much work into such beautiful and informative videos. Keen to stay up to date with the new ones.
Trust me you made me learn this damn easily and I literally imbibed each explanation without burning any brain cells. Kudos. Thank you so much, and a hello from your new subscriber~
Firstly, I really appreciate this video - my kids were transfixed and it was a really great explanation of a complex topic. I actually pulled it up to watch for myself, but it drew my kid in, which impressed me.
Secondly, I do have to point out something that my teenage daughter also noted. When women are talked about in science or politics, it feels like the informal or first name is used, but with men it's the opposite. You refer to Henrietta Leavitt by her first name, but Edwin Hubble by his last name. I'm curious as to why this is? Is it long-standing tradition or was Leavitt's husband also famous?
Samantha Graves Great point! And I actually thought about this as I was creating it. The fact is a saw to play here in DC about Henrietta love it and that personalized her story for me in a way that made it more natural for me to use her first name but I think you’re right that it’s more uniform and professional to use the last name when reporting on history like this.
It doesn’t matter first name is much closer to a person than last name there’s absolutely no need to find weird connection in things. And if your daughter pay more attention to her studies instead if this non existent issues she may become next Henrietta.
So I don’t know how exactly to put it into words, but I can’t thank you enough. Watching your videos and watching your story on how you got into filmmaking and animations, it reminded me that I used to love creating videos and editing them when I was a little kid. I used to watch so many videos on editing as a child and how movies were made and I think I lost that passion as I went to college, but you reignited it. You reminded me that I want to explore and learn more about the world. There is so much to wonder about and see so I want to say, thank you so much. You helped me realize what I want in life and what I really want to do after the Coronavirus is gone! Thank you so much!!
You did a wonderful job of explaining something as dense as a galactic map. Thank you!
Thanks Johnny! I appreciate your depth of research! How do you keep your mind open so much so that you keep digging? And do you have a particular way you look for information? Because honestly you do it so well! Thanks heaps! Keep it up, excited to be inspired more!
Hey Cameron. A lot of this research is done with the easy stuff: wikipedia, random articles, etc. just google searching and going down any rabbit hole that looks interesting. most thing I dig deeper into dont make it into the video. too complicated. not surprising or interesting. but sometimes you find something that feels really satisfying when you understand it. its those moment that I realize I need to include it in the video. for this video the Kepler law of planetary motion was one of those things. the concept of stellar parallax was another. and the last was the discovery of Cepheid stars by Henrietta Leavitt (the pulsating stars). these were three rabbit holes i went down among many! but they were the only three that really made sense to include in a video. otherwise it would have become way to broad and complex so as to be hard to actually absorb. Just a few thoughts.
@@johnnyharris Thanks heaps! I love the way your brain thinks, it gets me thinking more. Thanks for taking the time to break down some of your thoughts for the video! I truly appreciate! Keep up the awesome work!
I'll have to rewatch a few times, I think, to fully grasp Henrietta's Graph but worth it!
Lizzy Creative same here, I’ll likely watch this again tomorrow. There was too much knowledge to grasp the first time
Oh my, you can explain sooo soo good! I could hear you for hours and would understand everything. It would be so good if teachers could teach at school like you do. KEEP IT UP! Respsct for your work and determination. Cheers Jonny
Amazing video Johnny, as always!
Omg I’m early, I thought this video was from 2 years ago when I found it in my recommendations.
Same here
It's so funny, I'm reading a popular scientific book on the universe, and just yesterday I learned about the parallaxes. Thanks for the video!
Which book?
@@HACKINGMADEFUN Universe by Sergey Popov. It's in Russian.
Please make more meth
Your narration is fantastic Johnny! Standard candle and CMB blows my mind every time I think about. We can get to the origin...almost!
Hey Johnny, I just wanted to say thank you for doing all that you do. I think we have very similar passions including geography, history, graphic design, political science, data interpretation, and just overall curiosity. I just want you to know that seeing you do all these videos is so inspiring and helps me realize that I am not alone in being curious about what I find fascinating.
TIL that “computer” was a job people had until computers came along
when we are trapped in our homes, i guess all we can do is look up at the stars and try to figure out what’s going on
sadly, there is too much light pollution where I live, all I see at night is black.....
@@brandonchan4537 same ☹️
Realy Interesting, insightful and so so well researched video. Plus, Johnny's animations and voice over makes the topic Interesting till the very end.
I love your channel man. Always informative!
the craziest thing is the fact that we thought the world was flat... and the solar system was earth centred... ONY 450 years ago..... CAN YOU IMAGINE IN ANOTHER 500 YEARS!?? STAR TRAVEL ??? YES PLEASE
Nobody thought the world was flat 500 years ago. It is known since at least classical period Greece that the world is a sphere. Erathostenes (a Greek philosopher/scientist) even calculated the circumference of Earth to a precision of a few hundred km :)
(I think he calculated the circumference to be 39 400km and it actually is 40 070km ! )
But yes how far will we be in 500 years is quite daunting ! :D
The graph part, I still don't get how she managed to put together that longer pulses means further stars, cuz it could've been the other way around. If there's no way to measure stars' distance before to verify her method in the time, why was the method accepted?
The key is that she observed a group of stars for which the same distance to earth was assumed. Therefore there is a direct relation to blinking period and brightness
Longer pulses mean brighter stars - The pulse is a measure of how large it is. Therefore you can look at how bright it appears vs how bright it should be if it was close, and calculate the difference. The trick that Johnny doesn't mention is that you can calibrate this method by using the pulsars that are close enough to be measured by parralax.
@@Stigvandr Sorry I know it's a month old comment but I'm curious, isn't the length of the pulse based on how far the light from that sun has to travel?
@@sirjoey3137 that should not be the case. If you measured two stars at different distances which sent out one pulse each "simultaneously" (you get what i mean, im not getting into special relativity or anything), then yes, you would measure different times - or rather, different times for when the pulse arrived, a single instance. If both stars, however, sent out two signals, say, each a second apart, we would still measure for one star those signals to be a second apart, and at some other point in time the signals of the other star to be one second apart!
yes..thanks for pointing that out.how did she deduce that longer pulsating periods equaled greater distance.
These types of things are so interesting and make me really think hard! Great video as always!
Brilliant I was captivated and never actually thought how this worked. More please
Honestly Johnny, if you were on skillshare uploading your knowledge on vedio editing and animation. I'll be the first to subscribe to it. Amazing content. Thank you so much.
well, i started a company where Im doing just that. starting with camera fundamentals and will move into shooting and editing soon brighttrip.com/course/camerafundamentals/
@@johnnyharris thank you so much, will surely check on that one and will definitely recommend it to my friends and family. Your an absolute inspiration. Hearty regards to your family as well. Stay safe.
Imagine some alien species looking up at their night sky and seeing our sun as part of one of their constellations ...
thank you so much for creating such awesome educational video's! Loved this one again, it captured my full attention from beginning to end! Keep them coming please.
Hands down sir.... Wonderful effort to bring such complex topic with such simplicity
Fast forward to 2019, there's a girl whom experts in math wrote an algorithm to turn cosmic signals into a picture of a blackhole.
She wasn't the only one working on that project... You're discrediting all the other people who worked on the project as well.
Steve Jobs your username is an insult to the actual late Steve Jobs
@@rikadomez8201 Because I'm crediting all the other people who also worked on that project? OK then.
Steve Jobs I think you have issue handling negativity you're emitting around and sadly you prolly don't even realize it. Good luck to you if you happen to work in a multi-disciplinary team-oriented environment. Byee
@@rikadomez8201 Lol you know nothing about me but whatever will make you feel better.
Johnny: *trigonometry*
Me: *Vietnam flashbacks*
Beenadd Sebhat Im taking trig right now😵 almost done with the class though
Your work is amazing! Keep posting videos that intrigue us 👍
His perspective to see the whole world is amazing! He got curiosity to know something ,sooner he will find out and tell us to the world in a wonderful way!
Low, altered voice: “Parallax”
Mathematics. There’s your answer
I truly enjoy your content. The variety of topics and the your teaching and storytelling talents are unmatched. Thank you from a true fan!! Love from New Orleans!!
As an astronomy student I actually worked with spectroscopic observations of pulsating stars, measuring their periods and the underlying physics behind the pulsations before moving on to other things for my PhD thesis. Measuring distances in astronomy is a fascinating topic that is still exceedingly important even today, it is perhaps even more important today than it's ever been.
Kudos to Johnny for this superbly crafted video that is both rich in content and factually accurate. I applaud your work.
You manage to explain the most complicated of topics in the simplest of manners. So gifted MashAllah. I am so glad I found you. Love from Pakistan.
Your editing along with your narration is so soothing and interesting to listen to
I've asked many questions, such as this, to myself and you always seem to have a video for them. *SUPER DUPER AWESOME BRO* 😎🤙🏽I appreciate ur time and effort into making these videos 🧡🧡🧡🍻 thank you!
Fantastic video Johnny! Keep up the ideas. I remember taking an Astronomy class in college and it tripped me out. Thanks for making the information understandable. Without dumbing it down the math becomes extremely complex and almost absurd.
Thanks for sharing your excitement on this. So fascinating!
Johnny. You are one of the top story tellers on the web. Thank you for your methods and thank you for all of your inflection moments in your life that brought you to where you are today.
Love your videos, excited to watch you channel grow
You always make me want to go dig deep into a subject and learn and learn and learn. Love your work. Stay curious!
Hell of a video. This is the style of rationale this world needs right now more than ever. Connecting A to B instead of skipping to the end out of desperation to “be right”. Perfect balance of telling it to me like I’m 5 without insulting my intelligence, in fact making me use it correctly, the right way. All your videos.
your videos are always always a inspiration no matter where you look . and your knowlege of motion graphics is a perfect tool to give a new perspective to lean things in a newer way . thank you .
Man your effort is amazing and I’m a big fan of your work from a very long time
hubble's discovery would not have been realized without Henrietta 's work, wow
your ability to reasearch on various topics is incredible - love watching your videos - what a master-class.
Your content is insanely awesome! Love you!
You're videos are so interesting,i enjoy em and actually learn something from them.
Thank you J Harris for this video and thank you Henrietta for your curiosity and persistence and diligence and intelligence
Man... This is beautiful to another level.
You explain the most incomprehensible things like a breeze. Love your content!
This guy (edit: role model creator) is in quarantine, taking care of his family, teaching their kids, lifting their curiosity and passion to discover and learn more every day of their life, and still manages to have time to gift us all these beautiful animated videos about how his own curiosity led him to understand a certain topic...
I honestly feel bad for watching this brilliant work for free and supporting it by simply liking and sharing it
Incredible Johnny! Thanks for this video masterpiece
You always have the best vids around the interwebs, Johnny!
Wonderful content Johnny!! Just loved it 🤩
This was way beyond informative. Thanks for that user friendly way to make us understand.
Way to go Henrietta! A million thanks ❤