Ulcerative Colitis: Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Risk factors, Diagnosis and Treatments, Animation.
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- čas přidán 7. 09. 2020
- (USMLE topics) Ulcerative Colitis (UC): Signs and symptoms, disease development, pathophysiology, complications, causes, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatments.
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Voice by: Ashley Fleming
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Ulcerative colitis, UC, is one of the 2 major forms of inflammatory bowel disease. In UC, the inner lining of the large intestine is inflamed, causing open sores, or ulcers. UC usually affects only the mucosa and submucosa layers of the intestinal wall.
The condition evolves in the form of recurrent flares, when new lesions form, followed by symptom-free periods of remission, when these lesions heal.
Typical symptoms include abdominal pain and persistent diarrhea, often with mucus and/or blood (rectal bleeding). Some patients may experience fecal urgency, fecal incontinence, or tenesmus - the inability to move bowels in spite of the urge. The disease also often manifests outside the intestine, as a result of inflammation of joints, skin, and eyes. Severe cases can present with systemic symptoms such as weight loss, nausea, vomiting, fatigue and fever.
UC usually starts from the rectum, and may remain limited to that location; or, it can spread upward and affect more of the colon, sometimes the entire colon.
The disease is mildest when it is confined to the lower part of the bowel, in which case the main symptom is blood and mucus in stools, but the stools can be of normal consistency. Once the disease progresses to upper colon, stools become more watery, sometimes consist entirely of blood and mucus. The patient may have multiple bowel movements per day, often with severe cramps and tenesmus.
In the long-term, UC may increase risks for colon cancers, but the most dangerous complication to watch out for is toxic colitis, or fulminant colitis, a life-threatening condition characterized by sudden violent diarrhea, high fever, abdominal pain, and signs of peritonitis. Toxic colitis occurs when inflammation extends into the smooth muscle layer of the intestinal wall, paralyzing the colon muscle. This may lead to colon dilatation, and sometimes perforation.
UC has 2 incidence peaks: one major peak in teens and young adults, and a smaller peak after the age of 50. Some races are more susceptible than others. Family history of the disease is also a risk factor.
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, where the ongoing immune response destroys the body’s own tissues. It is associated with abnormally high levels of T-helper cell response, specifically helper T-cell type 2, Th-2. The exact mechanism is not fully understood, but it likely involves both genetic and environmental factors. Multiple genes are identified, most of which act in the immune system, or in maintaining the gastrointestinal epithelial barrier. A mutation in any of these genes may weaken the body’s ability to regulate the extent of immune responses, or to differentiate between self and non-self. An appropriate inflammatory response against a pathogen may get out of control and become chronic; or, the body may mount an inappropriate response against its own antigens.
Involvement of environmental factors is evidenced by higher rates of UC in developed countries, especially urban areas. Interestingly, smoking seems to have a protective effect.
Diagnosis is mostly based on symptoms, but tests are done to exclude other causes: stool tests to exclude infections, colonoscopy to rule out cancers.
Treatments include:
Dietary management to maintain good nutrition but avoid foods that may cause discomfort.
Diarrhea medications to relieve symptoms, except in case of severe attacks.
Mild to moderate patients are prescribed topical or oral 5-Aminosalicylic acid, depending on the affected locations.
Extensive UC is treated with corticosteroids, immunomodulators and biologics.
Severe cases are hospitalized and managed with intravenous corticosteroids; patients are observed closely for development of toxic colitis.
Toxic colitis is treated with high-dose intravenous corticosteroids and antibiotics, and may require emergency surgery.
Some patients with extensive disease may ultimately need surgery to remove the affected part of the colon. Surgery essentially cures the disease.
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My Uncle had infection in his abdominal area and felt a little abnormal about it. He asked me to take him to a famous hospital. I did just that and received a few medicines but no relief. I suggested him to come along with me and we both reached PlanetAyurveda and got Ulcerative Colitis Care and my uncle is feeling cheerful after 8 months.
Great video of just the basics. Thank you
So nicely thank you so much
Very informative.
Very important video. Helped a lot
Amazing video! Can you please provide references? Thanks
- Lining: revêtement
- Flare: Poussée
- in Spite of : malgré
- Urge: strong desire
- Mild: Bénin (pas sévère)
-Extent: ampleur
Please Biochemistry Videos & Lectures @ Biochemistry with Dr. Irfan Raza
Is there any references for this video?
Nice amazing
.. your video is really nice..oh man my relative was
I unfortunately had it in my entire colon. It came on fast, back in early 2016. It was the absolute worst pain I was ever in. Felt like I was constantly pooping blood several times a day. I eventually lost a lot of blood and lost over 50 pounds. Granted I got on some meds and got it more under control
Though I had to get my colon removed because I got so sick and never fully felt good.
I’m fine now though I still have to take a few meds
Did you feel sick. I am going to have to call an ambulance. Pain is horrific. There is so much blood in my stools. I feel physically sick.
@@rvoiello Please, please call an ambulance! Blood in stools is something you should *not* mess around with!
And yes I was puking a lot!
@@RB01.10 I am at the Hospital now. Thank You for your Advice Ryan.
@@RB01.10 how are you now ?
@@ikidzfaridabad3304 I’m okay, I have around 3-4 bowel movements a day but am in much better condition
Wish you tube could teach my entire medicine during my clg life ..so that I couldn't get supply in medicine twice 😓😓😓
@@savankate7239 how ?? I have completed my graduation dear .. I cleared the subject it was a hard time actually
Believe me there's nothing that is written that actually explains the hell of living with this desease means.
Sir muje bhi hua hai kya karo
I have had this disease for 10 years. I have been in and out of the hospital so often, I have lost count. Because of the virus, going to the hospital is pure hell. I wish to have it removed. I don’t know how long it will take. 😥
Bro I have also this disease
I've had Uc for 17 years, I've found eating carnivore diet has helped me greatly, no bread no sugar no processed foods whatsoever, i cut out caffeine, I drink kefir, it may help you.
My dad has it. I'm trying to understand more about it, so hopefully I can try to introduce him a better lifestyle, so he can love longer.
@@nullsphix8382 does a person also voimt after eating?
@@shilasinghania1309 No. They are ulcers in the inner-walls of your colon track
I love how they call it a cure when they remove your bowel 😂 it's like saying "ok u have a broken finger we will cure it by chopping off your hand 😅
Ye hindi m translate krke dali please 🙏🙏🙏hme samajh nhi aa rhi
How I long to see a post stating, ulcerative colitis, the cure is here 😇
Be careful with the medications folks, I was very close to death in february-march, because of a very rare side-effect.
What was the side effect? I also feel uncomfortable with the medication.
Like Is There Any Hope 😲
@@MichaelErnest666 You need to change your habits / lifestyle. I got diagnosed in 2012 and it took me almost 10 years to figure things out.
@@AK-nm1jh extreme fever, dangerous liver reaction, whole body's skin turned red, 3-4 weeks inside hospital (it takes about 40 days for a medicine to completely leave the body)
@@Fl4ngerr That Doesn't Work For Everyone I've Done The Research And Have Done And Tried Everything...
Does anyone else struggle with there feet feeling hot and general pain in the feet as I tend to suffer from it all the time.
Yes hot and swelling but I have other health problems so it's hard to know which the cause
There’s only one ultimate cure - “ileoanal anastomosis with j-pouch” in my case - all those pain and sufferings were gone!
CAC Detox Premium Powder-These are herbal-mineral sachet especially designed for the ulcerative colitis patients. The various ingredients used for the formation of these sachets are prawal pishti, shukta pishti, Giloy satv, kehrva pishti, Jahar Mohra pishti, sutshekhar ras, shankh bhasma, kamdudha ras, moti bhasma that in combination provide good relief on the signs and symptoms of ulcerative colitis patients.
Translete to Arabic please🌸🌸🌸
You can help with that. Here is how, but this works only until Sept 28, so please hurry: support.google.com/youtube/answer/6054623?hl=en
@@Alilamedicalmedia Thank you very much 🌹🌸
తెలుగు Telugu
EAT REAL FOOD PPL, NO SUGAR, NO PROCESSED FOODS WHATSOEVER.
Even after having a good healthy diet(only home cook food) yoga, and meditation I got Ulcerative Colitis thanks to my immune system and genes. 😊 God knows what's going inside me.
@@Bellybollydancer Try the carnivore diet,
Same with me...I rarely visit any food plaza rarely take fast food always plain blant meal...and i am diagnosed with colitis
How are you now? Im currently awaiting diagnosis @@Bellybollydancer
Telugu voce
Translate to Arabic please please 😊
You can help with that. Here is how, but this works only until Sept 28, so please hurry: support.google.com/youtube/answer/6054623?hl=en
هل عرفتَ أن تستخدمه؟؟
أنا لم أعرف 😢
Instruction in Arabic here: support.google.com/youtube/answer/6054623?hl=ar
My question is - Hlw sir.
My roommate are suffering from ulcerative colitis. We are staying in the same paying guest. And use same toilet.
Is there any problem from contamination of these disease ( Ulcerative colitis ) from my friend to me.
Yes - you will likely have it in your blood now - it could appear at anytime - please see a doctor for a urgent blood test🤦🏻♂️🤯
Are you okay????
This is so rude, the illness can't be transmitted , poor of your friend ,he is dealing with the hardest hell on earth and you are just worried about yourself with nonsense questions , you are a horrible person.
No ulcerative colitis is not contagious if thats what your asking i have it and been in remission up until now.
All i can say is to be safe use clorox and other cleaning agents to obviously not have a spread of blood to your body of course
@@giovannyandrescortesrodrig2846 Not knowing something is not rude.