What Most People Get Wrong About Black Holes
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- čas přidán 6. 05. 2024
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You might have heard that black holes suck, like literally. It's certainly a funny joke, but it isn't true. Black holes aren’t even that weird if you're far enough away. I correct this and other misconceptions with this video.
Nick Lucid - Host, Writer, Editor, Animator
Em Lucid - Producer
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IMAGE/VIDEO CREDITS
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TIME CODES
00:00 Cold Open
00:39 Myth 1: They're Big
01:28 Closest Black Hole
02:24 Myth 2: Ultimate Suction
02:52 Stars Orbit Black Holes
03:20 Myth 3: Infinite Density
04:02 Singularities
04:45 Sponsor Message
05:44 Myth 4: Why They're Black
06:41 Redshift
07:10 Myth 5: Spaghettification
08:13 Closing Thoughts
08:26 Featured Comment
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Actually really interesting bc I believed some myths. Such as the density or the light trapping…
Well thanks for letting me know my misconception and learning yet again!
A nice idea and good video keep it up :D
You missed what seems like the biggest one - the assumption that Lorenz time dilation is irrelevant when talking about the Schwartzchild Radius. Regardless of the amount of mass and other predictions of the singularity, the discussion seems incomplete without talking about "when".
Want to say that I use Native for a few years. Good stuff. I recommend to try it....except for the peach scent.
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Please, send at least one article that describes the state of matter under such pressure and with such density. this is impossible. if you accept the black hole, then you accept the Singularity.
I am so glad you exposed the difference between mathematical model and the definition of black holes. So many people just throw those singularity and infinite words around pretty clumsily.
I see it in my comments often. I felt like it was time to include it in a video.
Ive always thought that the singularity shouldn't exist, matter should constantly fall inward inside a black hole but first due to relativity it might not even reach the center before the black hole's death but also the closer it got to it the larger the gravity and the more space dilation (opposite of length contraction) should make it so the closer you get to the singularity (not singularity but actually the center) the more you need to travel to get there, it probably balances at some specific distance where the accelleration and length dilation increase at equal speed might be idk like plankth length or some symmetrical shit that the universe likes to do, but im no ohysicist could be wrong and have no idea how to actually calculate sonething like this
But there is an infinitely dense singularity at the heart of black holes though
I’ve said many times, nothing in nature is infinite, and am always shocked at just how many want to argue that. There really is a lot of bad, or poor, science reporting, where such misnomers are perpetuated. I’m so glad there are a few channels like Science Asylum that I can go to for interesting and accurate teachings!
@@chriswaudby1084Only mathematically, it's an error in our math. Not a physical thing.
No clone was harmed during the filming of this episode.
Just scared a lil bit
Allegedly.
@@ugoeze7360 😆
Depending on how energetic the Black Hole's accretion disc was, wouldn't he have been just a tad lethally irradiated with gamma radiation/x-rays/ultraviolet radiation..?
(Even despite his reduced exposure due to time dilation.)
We should discuss clone rights some day.😂
4:41 For some reason, I find the idea of defining a black hole as "someone dividing by zero" absolutely hilarious!
When a human divides by zero, he gets an error.
When GOD divides by zero.. Black hole.
Not more ridiculous then a punctual object.
Like smaller then plank length in every dimension?
Im not saying it's impossible.
Ths best analogy for a singularity is time at the north pole.
Technically if you spin on yourself, you can move back in time!!!!
In the same way a black hole is a division by zero.
@@paulmichaelfreedman83340/0 doesn't exist.
@@Vexas345 Then how'd you type that if it doesn't exist?
checkmate, fraction nerd.
Another myth I see a lot: bigger black hole is scarier to be near.
The smaller, the more extreme the tidal forces
Oh yeah, that's a good one 👍
@@ScienceAsylum
We all just need a little _spaghettification_ in our lives, doncha' think?
A 1 cm wide black hole could destroy the Earth
thank you for making this intellectually stimulating lecture also densely laden with original humor.
You're welcome. Glad you liked it 🤓
@@ScienceAsylum in photoelectric effect,don't we see real electrons?
@@ScienceAsylum Also, really loving your looser, more off-the-cuff humor with outtakes that you're including. You seem to be relaxing more and having more fun. I hope you and your wife continue to have amazing success teaching science. The world needs more people like the two of you.
@@pwinsider007 No. When we see electricity, what we're _really_ seeing is light emitted when some of those electrons pass through the air.
Yes, very humorous.
"so curved that all futures point inward" Very nicely put, thank you!
It hurts my brain to think about. Once you are past the event horizon, facing the same direction, forward, you could spin around 180 degrees and go in the direction...and you'd still move toward the center. At least I'm pretty sure that's correct.
Yes, that is in fact an excellent description of what happens! Gravity in G.R. is basically what a "straight line" path through spacetime looks like. If you're standing on a planet, you aren't "feeling gravity" -- you're feeling the surface of the planet _pushing you off-course!_ (An object remains in motion unless acted on...)
The stronger the gravity, the more sharply your path through spacetime bends. But as you approach the outside of the event horizon, it starts to get weird. Even "circular" orbits will gradually descend lower and eventually just turn to point inward due to relativistic effects, if I'm remembering correctly. Passing the event horizon is the threshold at which even moving directly away from the BH's center, even at the speed of light (which only light can do), _still takes you closer to it._
Great video Nick. Congratulations! Debunking the singularity was the best part.
Thanks Arvin! My (personal) general relativity research has put me on a black hole kick lately. The next video is about black hole optics.
Getting a physical model for black holes that actually explain them in our lifetime would be so awesome. It's up there with finding life beyond earth. Hopefully we don't have to expend any clones in the process.
Agreed! It would be ground breaking.
I've always been partial to String Theory, but that's probably just cuz I grew up when it was still the new hot thing. Loop Quantum Gravity has had a lot of interesting results. The whole D-Branes interacting is what caused the Big Bang, tho, that's just marvelous.
@@ScienceAsylumit would be ground-spaghettifying... eh? anyone?
@@ScienceAsylum Hi intelligent person
Question: Normally a star is stable because the its own gravity is balanced by force produced inside the star due to nuclear fusion. How are black holes stable then i.e. why isn't all the mass of a black hole in the singularity?
Great video and I know this is a small thing but I really appreciate putting a countdown timer of the sponsored segment makes it a lot easier to skip it and I wish more youtubers did this.👍
I saw another CZcamsr do it a few years ago and felt great about it. Decided in that moment, I would also do it from now on.
Usually these kinds of videos will have time codes in their description, which show up as segments on the progress bar of the video. That way you can tell where the sponsored segment starts and stops, so you can just skip it.
just get sponsor block, didnt even know there was a sponsor until I saw this comment
@@matthewe3813 Every time you 'block a sponsor', an angel dies.
@@petehiggins33 how so? how can hiding part of a youtube video have supernatural affects beyond our understanding?
At 4:33... I actually like that you don't define a black hole as a singularity. Really nice to hear.
Thanks for always making the topics easy to understand for those of us who didn't get to college or University. Loving the humour. I wish Science classes were this entertaining, I might have learned something while being engaged with the topic.
This is the kind of education videos that helps push forwards science discussion on the internet ! Thank you !
It would be interesting to get a perspective (relative to moon scale) of how close and at what speed clone would need to be to not be able to escape the pull of the example black hole to get a feel of how safely close we could get. Great video!
If the clone is absolutely hard and strong, mathematically he can get as close to the horizon as he wants, and hover there. Then use his engines to slowly go up. And if we're interested in a fly-by on a free flight trajectory, without using engines, then he just needs to stay outside the photon sphere at 1.5R.
Thank you for this episode Nick!
A big Salut from Romania!🫡
Congrats on the sponsorship! And thanks for putting a timer on it!
Subscribing for 2 reasons ;
- I like your content
- Every youtuber should put a countdown for their ad segment and I love you for this.
My seven-year-old daughter loves to listen to your videos at bedtime! You're awesome. We really appreciate all the hard work you put in to these.
(Also she wants to know if you read the comments!)
I do read the comments! I'm so glad your seven-year-old daughter is into science. That's wonderful 🤓
Great video! Loved the “Pool of speculation” thing. Going to use that sometime. Wonder about the Hawking radiation part though, I thought it hasn’t been observed yet. Also wondering if the “black hole baby talk” is ……. foreshadowing 😊
You are correct that Hawking radiation hasn't been observed yet, but _hypothetically_ it would be there.
@@ScienceAsylum Less not observed and not conclusively (i.e. that is what it probably is) observed enough times to be properly identified as such, in my opinion. A lot of this has to do with how Hawking radiation is more at the quantum mechanics level, and quantum mechanics are difficult to parse with general science at the best of times. This comes from the fact that what works at the macro scale doesn't work quite the same way (but still along the same lines) at the micro scale that quantum mechanics works at.
The mathematical models consistently check out and we have made enough observations to validate the consistency of existing theories, that the current model still stands, though new discoveries constantly force us to modify the specific details.
Damn. You’re in your good form, Sir. This kind of humor is what’s unique to Your channel. Thanks.
Thanks for the vid. Helped re enforce the concepts
Glad I can help 🤓
I really enjoy episodes when your wife is in the background. I enjoy the ones where she is in the foreground even more.
Funny stuff. Keep it up.
Keep it in your pants
Hey Nick. I love your Kurzgesagt shirt. You may like to collaborate with them in the future, that would be a neat crossover. One of the things I've always wondered is having a stable stellar system orbiting a black hole. Melodysheep made a documental about how having several black holes could be the ultimate power source and replace stars in the black hole era, so you could still live on a earth like planet. He even stated how could you achieve that and even have actual light from a black hole. I think you could expand that theory in a video.
Informative, yet easy to understand. Thanks again for another good video.
Hey, its Christmas, I'm so excited for this new episode❤❤
There's another good myth corrected during an early visualisation in this video: the event horizon isn't at the outside of the dark circle we see in images. The shadow represents more than just the event horizon. You're kinda seeing the back of the black hole at the same time and then after all that there's the gap until the ISCO
I'm hoping to get into this in my next video.
EDIT: czcams.com/video/R2YsF47BMvY/video.html
Light may not be able to escape a black hole - but I did ( Im pretty buff). You may be surprised to learn that my black hole had a McDonalds and a Dunkin Donuts, but it DID NOT have a Burger King. Thats part of the reason I came back to Earth.
Yeah man... I couldn't survive an eternity without a Big King.
Was there a Starbucks?
😆
I love your videos!!! Keep it going ♥️
That abrupt sponsored segment transition was hilarious. 🤣 Reminds me of that scene in Return of the Killer Tomatoes with George Clooney where they start doing ads in the middle of conversation. And a similar gag in Wayne's World.
The Wayne's World ads were epic.
When you make comparisons with the size of the moon, is it the diameter, the cross-section or the volume you're comparing? Because it looks like the diameter in the graphics and that's two dimensions off of the actual size when we're talking about 3D objects.
I made sure to _say_ "diameter" at 1:38 in the video because that's how I calculated the percentages. The idea of them being smaller than the Moon is true for volume also, but the percentages would be different. (Note: We're taking measurements from the outside. _Inside_ is an entirely different conversation.)
@@ScienceAsylum my bad, you did say diameter there!
Huh, now I'm feeling smart! Thank you dude!.
You're welcome! 🤓
The Dynamic Duo - Nick and Em.
The most honest and for me the most convincing sponsorship eve seen in an youtube video. Still not available in India otherwise I'd have got it right away
Hello sir
Hope you are doing well
Please make a video on origin of sliding friction at molecular level.
Thank you
Thank you for clarifying these things for when we actually encounter a real black hole 👍
You're welcome. Can never be too careful 😉
The sponser ad part was the one that really blew me off! Really wish some things are available world wide 😂
Is the Native brand not available in your country?
@@ScienceAsylum well the FAQ on their site answers the question "Do you ship internationally?" with "Yes! To Canada." And that's it. Nowhere else.
@@ScienceAsylum i don't think so
First video I haven't skipped through the ad! 😅
R.I.P. Expendable Clone 🙏
(Just getting it out of the way ✌️)
0:26 when I saw his shirt,
"collaboration with Kurzsegagt!!!!!!!"
😂 I wish.
@@ScienceAsylum coming soon
03:20
I often read "a black hole is infinitely small" and I always answer: "The black hole itself is not the collapsed body (or whatever remained of it) itself but the inner part of its gravitational field separated from the outer part by the event horizon.
You answer to something that's written? So you talk to a book?
And if it talks back: does that explanation usually work? Because I find it kind of confusing, even though I already know what you're saying. Also, I wouldn't say a black hole has to be defined by how it was formed. You can in principle create a black hole any number of ways that don't involve stars.
@@unvergebeneid Do you not have an inner monologue? I think it's an inner monologue thing. Responding to a book in my head seems like a perfectly reasonable thing to do, but I can see how that might not make sense to someone without an inner voice.
@@ScienceAsylum eh, I'm thinking about things I read but I wouldn't consider that entering into a dialogue with the book, which responding to a book implies to me.
In any case, if I were to talk to these books, I'd just say they're wrong because you can't have a singularity inside of a black hole if the singularity _is_ the black hole. I think most books would find this much easier to understand 😄
@@ScienceAsylum There are people without an inner voice? Because I have a few to spare!
@@FHBStudio There actually are, and a whole bunch of cool research about how they think differently. Just google "inner monologue research"
Love this video. Especially, that clone (lol). Great information. Thanks for posting this video - appreciate a lot. -Tom
Great video!
I didn’t have most of the misconceptions but still I learned so much more!
Like, supermassive black holes are less dense then air? How does that work!? Do a video on that!
And I thought they weren’t black because they would appear to show light from other sources, which I guess still is true for the most part but I didn’t realize the redshift.
I guess the low density is because their event horizons are so big, their super high masses are spread out over an absurd distance, reducing their mass per volume.
What @@Appletank8 said.
Really another Black Holes video by one of the best Science explainer on CZcams .
Nick ur are really awesome human ur my fav youtuber now.💫⭐❤️⚡
Nick, you and your better half are one of the cutest couple on CZcams, just allround wholesome and knowledgeable folks. Stay blessed and happy!
Great video, and you made me laugh after a rough day, thanx:)
Glad I could help 🙂
I would really like you to do a video on cosmic strings. I really have a hard time going my head around it
Love your vids
Love your comments
Thanks!
Weird Idea about "Spaghettification": I used your fluid roche limit from your planetary rings video to try to find the roche limit of a human falling into a black hole. I substituted human tendon tensile strength (measured in MPa) for Sat Mass, gravitation at the surface of the sun (measured in MPa) multiplied by 8 solar masses for the Planet Mass, and 2 meters for the radius of a human nose diving into a black hole. It's really messy but might be fun to play around with...
High probability that my math is off but theoretically you would experience particalization at 48.89 meters from the mass of the black hole!
Thanks for taking the time with the animation to have the star accelerate close to the black hole and decelerate as it went far away. The detail was not lost on me.
But I have a question. What do we call the equivalent of aphelion and perihelion for a black hole? apholeion and periholion? Those sound like dirty words to my ears...
This episode was great! Thanks. I even watched the whole advertisement even though I will almost certainly never buy as I need an antiperspirant.
*"Thanks for taking the time with the animation to have the star accelerate close to the black hole and decelerate as it went far away. The detail was not lost on me."*
Thanks for noticing. I try to include physical laws in my animations whenever I can. (My friend Jabril would say they're _simulations,_ not animations, but I think that nuance is lost on most people.)
*"What do we call the equivalent of aphelion and perihelion for a black hole?"*
We would probably default to the generic terms: apapsis and periapsis.
@@ScienceAsylum That makes sense. Thanks.
Thank you for not killing the Expendable clone
Thanks for clearing that up Nick. Does anything special happen to the fabric of spacetime inside a black hole besides the usual bending due to mass?
Assuming there is an inside at all, which we're not sure about, weird things would definitely happen. Example: Space and time would switch behaviors. Time would become something we could move back and forth in. Space would inevitably drift us toward whatever is causing the black hole (like the future). That weirdness is a reason I support the idea that there's no inside.
@@ScienceAsylum I hear for the first time that black holes not even having an inside is an option.
But there is a certain elegance in that perspective as it would perfectly loop back to answering why the event horizon itself is enough to describe the black hole.
I like it. I will try to keep in mind though that elegance is not always the path to the truth 😂
I'm going to ignore the admonition to not talk about the inside, and just regurge what Kip Thorne said: A blackhole is a vacuum solution, it is made from spacetime. All matter goes to the singularity and is destroyed. Moreover, the singularity is not part of the universe...it is a topological defect in spacetime, and all the blackholiness around it is the vacuum (no mass locally) solution to Einstein's Field equations that gets you to flat spacetime far away. But then kip also said the interior is highly dynamic according to numerical relativity...but that may be just during mergers...idk.
Check out PBS Spacetime for more complete treatments of what's (mathematically) inside a black hole.
@@ScienceAsylum Thanks for responding Nick, this is fascinating stuff! Talking about the fundamental springs in QFT, would they be there inside a black hole or is there an actual vacuum inside without even these?
4:00 wait, so does this mean that if you fill an empty space the size of a supermassive black hole with just some air at normal atmospheric density, it collapses into a supermassive black hole before you're even done?
Yes. Compared to space, air is really really dense.
@@alexpotts6520sure, I'm just surprised it's so dense that you're floating there, spreading your canned air or whatever and suddenly you realise that you're inside an event horizon with nothing out of the ordinary ever having happened to give you an indication that you've been overdoing the air.
@@unvergebeneid Yeah, the event horizon isn't a physical object, you wouldn't particularly notice anything special at the moment you crossed one.
@@alexpotts6520 well, that's still up for debate. But in this case you're not so much crossing an event horizon, you're creating one by happily pumping breathable atmosphere into some part of space and suddenly time and space switch places and all that jazz.
It turns out that the whole observable universe has a density similar to what a black hole at this size would have, so in a sense, we are already inside a black hole.
Nick, talk about rogue black holes or even rogue planets, and how much risk they are to us
thanks for the video
For once, a segue ad actually worked on me, I don't like the smell of deodorant either so I never use it, native seems right up my ally so if I see it in retail I probably buy it.
Segue* . Segway is a branded product lmfao
@@marcushendriksen8415 I had simply guessed at it since I've never spelt it before as far as I remember 😅
@@zxuiji most people haven't, I think 🤔 just goes to show the power of marketing eh?
@@marcushendriksen8415 Not in this case, never heard of the segway brand, I live in the uk so that might have something to do with it
@@zxuiji country's got nothing to do with it lol, I live in NZ 😂 perhaps you've just not ever come across the term, that can happen
the best part about black holes: the bigger a black hole is the safer it is to get close to it. You can cross the event horizon of a supermassive black hole and the tidal forces are still weak enough for You to not get spaghettified for example simply by the fact that the event horizon is so far away from the singularity
Yeah, but you're still DOOMED.
Very…well…explained..
Thank you!
You defo deserve a million subscribers wont be long hopefully😊
Thanks!
Congrats on the sponsor, Nick!
Thanks. Sponsors have been sparse this year. It's nice to be getting them again.
Native is an excellent deoderant. I’ve used ones from other brands before and they sucked. But Natve actually works. I started to use them because I wanted to cut back on plastic waste.
Yeah, I was kind of excited to get the sponsorship.
@@ScienceAsylum why? what it gotto do with soience?
@@PazLeBon Everything has science in it.
Great video!!!
What would you see if you where already at the center of a black hole?
Would it look like everything is moving away from you since space is being stretched?
Would things far away be red shifted?
Would you experience zero gravity since all mass is around you?
Thank you
Just clearing missions 😅
I knew black holes are not very dense at all, as their mass is directly proportional to their radius BUT their volume is proportional to their radius cubed. The more mass it gains; the LESS dense it gets.
And the smaller the black hole, the *stronger* its tidal forces, so small ones are "more dangerous" than SMBHs.
Kurzgesagt! Nice! Also great video as usual!
2:41 Just had a scary thought! In theory whether or not we will live long enough, it doesn't matter. We always have been and always will be on a collision course with a black hole until it happens at least.
yes, at some point in time your atoms will be drawn into a blackhole. less scary and more wonderful
In response to your statement at 8:38 there is a particle that we see directly, and it is the only particle we see directly. In fact, it is the only thing we see directly. That particle is the photon (with a wavelength in the visible region of the spectrum). We see everything else that we see indirectly by the thing's emission, transmission, reflection or scattering of visible photons.
Note that we can and do also see images of objects emitting, transmitting, reflecting or scattering invisible photons or other particles, by devices that detect those invisible photons or other particles and then display the image via emission, transmission, reflection, or scattering of visible photons, but in this case, we do not see the object nor the invisible particles interacting with it directly.
When faced with a super massive blackhole, it is best to have significant tangential velocity relative to that blackhole while being far away from it.
You seem to know your stuff i enjoyed watching you so im subscribing 😊
Awesome! Welcome 🤓
Absolutely Delightful :-)
Do we have any science asylum merch. I would love to buy itt❤
shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum/ 👍
Even after so many years, I still love the black balls in space joke
Spaghettification is inversely proportional to the mass of the black hole. If you * threw Expendable Clone into a super massive black hole, he wouldn't get spaghettified before he crossed the event horizon, whereas approaching the event horizon of a smaller stellar black hole would most likely shred him **.
* Hypothetically
** don't hurt the clones
Correct. Tidal forces are larger for smaller black holes.
Oh that was true gold... Super!! ❤❤❤
While it's easy for me to grasp that black holes don't have an infinite mass, it's absolutley mindblowing to suggest the density would be low.
Great video 👍
Thanks 👍
Could you just make a video on waves, their properties wavelengths, wave numbers, and etc. I really have a hard time in having the essence of the concepts, the terms used like plane waves, standing waves etc.. Its a humble request
just a few weeks ago i was wonder how big really are black holes, you nailed it!!! thank you Nick!!! saludos desde Chile!!
Poor Expendable Clone. You could've told him ahead of time instead of torturing him by making him think he was actually expendable.
Hi there, excellent work by the way.
If Black Holes redshift light, then shouldn't they appear on the JWST photos?
The stellar-mass kind wouldn't appear in obvious ways since they're so small, but they could show up in the data. I seem to remember this already happening recently.
3:58 *That's crazy!*
6:24 please, can you make video that explains exactly how this magnetic field throws matter at high speeds... I tried searching for it in your channel but no luck
Haven't made one yet. I'm sure I will eventually though.
love from Pakistan. I really enjoy your videos and I really appreciate they way you make simple description of otherwise "pedantic" topics. Wish you good health, prosperity and more crazy ideas.
Thanks!!
A black hole is just a very exotic neutron star with mass so compacted that is yields some insane gravity. That gravity so strong that light can't escape it. If you look at any neutron stars they do some pretty wierd shit, atomic pasta? Another great video from Nick and Mrs Nick!
If an event horizon forms neutron star matter _cannot_ be stable in General Relativity.
@@narfwhals7843 See where I typed "exotic"?
@@charlescowan6121 and by that you mean "not general Relativity"?
So how exactly does space work, if gravity doesn't affect much at distance?
I always imagined Gravity like a sheet, or plane, but in 3d.
Its not rigid like steel, so it bends and flexes, so when an object is placed anywhere on it, it seeks the lowest point, forcing all other objects to then find that same point with more and more force as more material is accumulated?
Would love a video on how space behaves, with a neat analogue to how this breaks down in reality, vs modeled.
Loved the video, it gave me a lot to think on.
For a good way to picture spacetime (and thus gravity), start with a 2D graph. Horizontal is space, vertical is time. Put whatever object you're using as your local gravitational attractor at the vertical line X=0. Mark a point somewhere that isn't on that X=0 line, for instance, X=100. Trace upward from that point. That's your point moving forward in time. Now imagine gravity acting on that point, accelerating it toward X=0. When it reaches that it swings around and starts slowing down again, hits X=-100, and then turns around, until it's back where it started in space, at X=100 again, but at a later point in time. The resulting graph looks something like a sine wave going up and down instead of sideways.
Now take the surface of a glass table. Mark the center of the table as the origin, 0, 0, 0. X is left and right across the table, and Y is forward and back across the table. That's space. Z is upward, off the table and into the air. That's time. Or you could give the table some telescoping legs, so that the table's surface is always the present, and the present simply moves up through time, leaving the past behind. Now you can use a compass or a string to draw a circle, or even an ellipse, on the tabletop, tracing out the path of an object moving through those two dimensions of space. But that leaves out time! So now you set a corkscrew on the table, with the tip pointing up. Or set down a slinky, and lift the top so that the spiral spreads out somewhat evenly. Trace the path, moving up off the table as it goes around and around the spiral. That spiral is, for instance, a planet orbiting a sun through spacetime.
Now to translate this to something more like our everyday experience -- most people never orbit around any planet, even ours, so that last spiral model doesn't help us much as we walk around on the surface. Let's back up a little, to the two-dimensional graph that looks like the vertical sine wave. Let's mark some vertical lines through the repeating peaks on each side, so we have something that looks like a strip of ribbon with a wavy pattern back and forth across it. The edges of that ribbon are now a one-dimensional cross-section of the planet. Down is toward the centerline, so if you're standing on that graph, your feet are planted on the edge of the ribbon and your head is sticking out to the right or the left, depending on which side you're on. Let's pick the right side for simplicity. If you jump, you experience about a second of free-fall. Now draw the path through spacetime that your foot takes as you crouch down, thrust your body upward, leave the ground, fall back toward it, and slam into it again. At first it's a straight line moving upward. Then it suddenly deviates to the right, creates a little parabolic arc moving away and then back toward the surface, meets the surface, and returns to being a straight line.
Look at that little arc, and then look at the peaks of the vertical sine wave from the first graph. _They're the same thing._ The edge of that ribbon -- the surface of the planet below your foot -- prevents you from free-falling _on a straight line through spacetime._
You don't "feel gravity" -- rather, you feel the force of *_the planet pushing you off-course!_* This is why someone in an accelerating car, aboard a fighter jet making a sharp "high-gee" turn, or riding in a rocket accelerating through space all feel exactly the same, given the same rate of acceleration. A rocket accelerating you at one gee is completely equivalent to being pushed off-course at one gee by the surface of the planet (because that's the amount of acceleration necessary to change your course and keep you 'stationary' on the surface; if you were on Mars or the Moon, for instance, the required acceleration is different because your path bends _less sharply_ toward the center).
Large black holes may have very smooth gravitational wells. There wouldn't be any "spaghettification" when coming closer, or even anything noticeable when passing the event horizon for any expandable clone coming too close. However, he would not be able to contact us any more, and time dilatation would become tremendous.
So, while small one would kill, large ones, not sure, at least not immediately.
Loved the bits funny part :-)
Would your clone orbit or spiral around the singularity if he went past the event horizon?
Also: "singularity" can mean something like "resonance jet" when applied to a round swimming pool with huge resonant speakers around it, that are making vibrations..
simple question. how often do electrons in an atom emit photons? can any energy aside from temperature affect that rate, or do you get different types of reactions with different forms of energy?
You really have one of the best science channel on YT, a lot of them always say the basic stuff and you always show a different angle where something seems wrong. Congratulations.
With the EHT I heard a lot of people saying that it is a proof of the black hole concept, but it is not, it is a proof of a black hole the way you explain it and with basic relativistics equations like gravitational redshift, gravitatioal reduction of light intensity, and curbature of the ring. But absolutely not the fancy stuffs like inversion inside outside, inversion time space, singularity in the middle, Hawking radiation, or the whole thing described with only the mass, the charge and its angular momentum.
My main concern with that is that a real black hole cannot exist because it takes an infinite time from our point of view to be formed. We only see them at a point of their final collapse a few fraction of seconds (in the time of somebody near the soon to be event horizon) before the "missing part of space time" thing occurs.
I'm hoping to address your issues in another video coming soon 👍
@@ScienceAsylum that would be great, thank you
For a minute there I thought Clone was gonna take one for the team. 😂
I also remember reading that if you have equipment that can survive the Radiation, heat, and speed of accretion disk near a supermassive black hole, you would hardly feel any tidal forces.
Don't know if it's accurate or not.
Yes it is. Tidal forces happen because of the difference in gravity at different distances from the gravity source. Basically, the bits closer to the massive object get pulled stronger than bits further away, yielding a net tidal force.
In case of supermassive black hole, its so big that the difference in gravity between the event horizon and places near it are minimal. Not nearly strong enough to spaghettify.
I don't know the right way to say this in the strictest physical sense but:
If you're near a black hole, time is moving slower for you. People watching you fall in are seeing you red-shift. But if you're falling into it, the whole universe should blue shift. The light that's hitting you would get brighter and higher energy (higher frequency). Even if you avoid the accretion disk, or other local physical hazards, you'd probably burn up just from the radiation of stars, getting so bright and hot. Less time passing for you, and more for the universe means more light, at higher frequencies. Right?
Good explanation, thank you!
And not related to science: getting a deodorant as sponsor is the smartest possible move from your part. Many sponsors have proven controversial, toxic, a scam; or a combination of the three. With deodorant there is nothing that can go wrong later.
Once more, thank you
Greetings from the UK
Anthony
Thanks! I do a pretty thorough vetting of all sponsors before I agree to anything though.
I remember my watching a video documentary series about astronomy in the 4th grade, when it got to the part about the gravitational effects of a black hole, one boy was convincing the Earth could compete with a black hole, because it has its own gravity.
The earth _can_ compete with a black hole that has the same mass at the same distance.
The earth is currently easily competing with the black hole at the center of the galaxy to keep you on the ground simply because it is further away.
@@narfwhals7843 Well yes, when you put it that way; but I'm talking about someone thinking that Earth's gravity could help it escape from a black hole.
It's like you heard me ❣❤. I'd been thinking about black holes recently and had so many questions. One of which is if black holes are just all the matter that falls in, be it from the star(s) that collapsed, or the one that originated from the early universe, does that mean that the matter is inside there, but that it has collapsed into something that our current understanding cannot explain what it has become. Or is it something else?
The average density of the volume within the event horizon is near vacuum, because nearly all the mass is contained in the singularity that, mathematically, has no volume. An analogy might be the average ''density'' of the volume of an atom in which the Atomic Weight is essentially that of the nucleus, a vanishingly small fraction of the total volume.
The problem with the singularity is that we don't know how far matter can be compressed. Mathematically the mass at the center of a black hole is concentrated down to a single point that is infinitely dense. But in reality, that would only be the case if there isn't an upper limit on how much you can compress mass. If there is such a limit, mass cannot be compressed beyond that point and then the density will not be infinite. The problem is that we cannot look into a black hole and the maximum compression of mass we can still see is a neutron star. If you compress mass a bit more than a neutron star, you get a black hole but then you cannot observe anything going on inside of it.
All good points.
best sponsored segment i have ever seen. lol
1-a few years ago the gravitational waves were discovered during the merger process of two black holes. What kind of wave this particular gravitational wave was: transverse or the longitudinal one. Because the longitudinal type waves can not pass through molten fluids like outer earth nucleus. So through the space the longitudinal waves would not be able to pass.
2- microwaves are passing through the spherical metallic sponge in such a way, that this shape is acting as the focusing lens , which focuses the microwave in line between the lens and the wave source and in front of lens and behind the lens-exactly the same as the flow/ebb pattern on Earth globe. Can we explain the flow behind the globe as the focusing the gravitational waves?
Stary
There ought to be a sponsor clone for the off-brand segments 😜