What do the Sana'a Manuscripts Tell Us About the Quran | Al Muqaddimah
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- In this video, we're gonna discuss the Sana'a Manuscripts and their insight into the early history of the Quran. Muslims, including myself, consider the Quran to be the verbatim word of God but for historians, it presents an opportunity to study the rather mysterious origins of Islam. Till quite recently, they only had one Quran to study but in the 1970s, that changed with the famous Sana'a Manuscripts. So let's take a look at what they have to teach us.
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#HistoryoftheQuran
Watch UsefulCharts' video on the Academic/Secular explaination of where the Qur'an came from: czcams.com/video/-SGzYrGzBlA/video.html
Please, can you make a video about islam in Central Asia or East Africa. Those are very interesting topics that are rarely discussed
@@Omer1996E.C AFRICAN AND GREEK LADIES REVERT TO ISLAM( EMOTIONAL REVERT STORIES)😪
czcams.com/video/3Iykrda9rCI/video.html
In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. 2He was in the beginning with God. 3All things were made through Him, and without Him nothing was made that was made. 4In Him was life, and the life was the light of men. 5And the light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not comprehend it.
John’s Witness: The True Light
6There was a man sent from God, whose name was John. 7This man came for a witness, to bear witness of the Light, that all through him might believe. 8He was not that Light, but was sent to bear witness of that Light. 9That was the true Light which gives light to every man coming into the world.
10He was in the world, and the world was made through Him, and the world did not know Him. 11He came to His own, and His own did not receive Him. 12But as many as received Him, to them He gave the right to become children of God, to those who believe in His name: 13who were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God.
The Word Becomes Flesh
14And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we beheld His glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father, full of grace and truth.
15John bore witness of Him and cried out, saying, “This was He of whom I said, ‘He who comes after me is preferred before me, for He was before me.’ ”
16And of His fullness we have all received, and grace for grace. 17For the law was given through Moses, but grace and truth came through Jesus Christ. 18No one has seen God at any time. The only begotten Son, who is in the bosom of the Father, He has declared Him.
A Voice in the Wilderness
19Now this is the testimony of John, when the Jews sent priests and Levites from Jerusalem to ask him, “Who are you?”
20He confessed, and did not deny, but confessed, “I am not the Christ.”
21And they asked him, “What then? Are you Elijah?”
He said, “I am not.”
“Are you the Prophet?”
And he answered, “No.”
22Then they said to him, “Who are you, that we may give an answer to those who sent us? What do you say about yourself?”
23He said: “I am
‘The voice of one crying in the wilderness:
“Make straight the way of the Lord,” ’
as the prophet Isaiah said.”
24Now those who were sent were from the Pharisees. 25And they asked him, saying, “Why then do you baptize if you are not the Christ, nor Elijah, nor the Prophet?”
26John answered them, saying, “I baptize with water, but there stands One among you whom you do not know. 27It is He who, coming after me, is preferred before me, whose sandal strap I am not worthy to loose.”
28These things were done in Bethabara beyond the Jordan, where John was baptizing.
The Lamb of God
29The next day John saw Jesus coming toward him, and said, “Behold! The Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world! 30This is He of whom I said, ‘After me comes a Man who is preferred before me, for He was before me.’ 31I did not know Him; but that He should be revealed to Israel, therefore I came baptizing with water.”
32And John bore witness, saying, “I saw the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove, and He remained upon Him. 33I did not know Him, but He who sent me to baptize with water said to me, ‘Upon whom you see the Spirit descending, and remaining on Him, this is He who baptizes with the Holy Spirit.’ 34And I have seen and testified that this is the Son of God.”
The First Disciples
35Again, the next day, John stood with two of his disciples. 36And looking at Jesus as He walked, he said, “Behold the Lamb of God!”
37The two disciples heard him speak, and they followed Jesus. 38Then Jesus turned, and seeing them following, said to them, “What do you seek?”
They said to Him, “Rabbi” (which is to say, when translated, Teacher), “where are You staying?”
39He said to them, “Come and see.” They came and saw where He was staying, and remained with Him that day (now it was about the tenth hour).
40One of the two who heard John speak, and followed Him, was Andrew, Simon Peter’s brother. 41He first found his own brother Simon, and said to him, “We have found the Messiah” (which is translated, the Christ). 42And he brought him to Jesus.
Now when Jesus looked at him, He said, “You are Simon the son of Jonah. You shall be called Cephas” (which is translated, A Stone).
Philip and Nathanael
43The following day Jesus wanted to go to Galilee, and He found Philip and said to him, “Follow Me.” 44Now Philip was from Bethsaida, the city of Andrew and Peter. 45Philip found Nathanael and said to him, “We have found Him of whom Moses in the law, and also the prophets, wrote-Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph.”
46And Nathanael said to him, “Can anything good come out of Nazareth?”
Philip said to him, “Come and see.”
47Jesus saw Nathanael coming toward Him, and said of him, “Behold, an Israelite indeed, in whom is no deceit!”
48Nathanael said to Him, “How do You know me?”
Jesus answered and said to him, “Before Philip called you, when you were under the fig tree, I saw you.”
49Nathanael answered and said to Him, “Rabbi, You are the Son of God! You are the King of Israel!”
50Jesus answered and said to him, “Because I said to you, ‘I saw you under the fig tree,’ do you believe? You will see greater things than these.” 51And He said to him, “Most assuredly, I say to you, hereafter you shall see heaven open, and the angels of God ascending and descending upon the Son of Man.”
Dude why did you show an oriental picture of jebreel to muhammad with short wings and a face. You said you were a muslim and we know that we must not represent faces of prophets even angels. This is my only issue. Also, if jebreel is portrayed incorrectly. We all know his wings streched from the east to west.
Sorry but you failed in a big way in this presentation.
You mentioned the widespread narrative that Uthman compiled the Quran without mentioning the many hadiths that say that the Quran was compiled during the life time of the prophet by his orders and also the hadiths that say that after the prophet death in three days Imam Ali compiled the Quran and brought it to the companions which say that it was compiled chronologically.
And by that i see that your research was shallow and not professional.
This was really well done. Fantastic work!
Thank you! Glad you enjoyed it.
two of my favorite CZcamsrs, good work!
@Let's Talk Religion and @Al Muqaddimah you two together with @Useful Charts bring scholarly knowledge to the lay people in an understandable way. And I salute your integrity and modesty when it comes to your own opinion. You really help the discourse.
Hey Filip! Would be interesting to see you guys collaborate, especially given your interest in Islamicate topics (and your decent Arabic pronunciation!)
Ever since these three desert boys started holding existential conversations with themselves all of mankind been in turmoil
One went up on a mountain top speaking to a burning bush
The other one went out in the desert for forty days taking to the spirit of his ancestors
The other ill educated one went into a cave in mecca taking to some guy with wings
Best video made by Al Muqaddimah to date.
Why is your video removed?
Why did you removed that video 😭😭😭.
@@MrHazz111 It'll be re-uploaded soon.
@@UsefulCharts all I can say is I feel so lucky to have seen the special preview
@@UsefulCharts I didn't like the video, it's too controversial and claims that islam has a Jewish and Christian base
It's incredible that the companions 1400 years ago managed to finish an ambitious project of compiling Qur'an and standardizing Qur'an across the caliphate successfully, that no other version besides Uthman codex except Sana'a manuscript discovered to this day. It's one of the oldest cultural project held by a government ever. This show their sincere and solid commitment to the religion.
The companions were all dead when the “authorised” version of the Quran was compiled. All the earlier written versions were then destroyed.
@@allangibson2408 Lol no, stop making shit out of your ass.
@@allangibson2408 all 4 khalifs were companions of the prophet, the third Khalif was the one that standardised the current Quran
@@InfiniteCuriosity1210 Oh really, the current Qu'ran that 95% of muslims use is the Hafs Qu'ran . The other 5% use Warsh's Qu'ran. I always hear about this Uthmanic Qu'ran but not one survives to this day, interesting. Hafs was chosen not becasue of it's accurancy but because it was most popular at the time in 1924. Hafs, himself was just a transmitter for his teacher Aasim the Kufan. By the end of the 9th century AD there were hundreds of different Qu'rans and 7 Readers were chosen from different schools of Qu'ranic thought and from them were chosen 2 transmitters each (7 readers + 14 Transmitters = 21 different Qu'rans). Later on in the 14th century 3 more Readers with 6 more Transmitters were canonized bringing the total to 30 different Qu'rans. You can still buy these Qu'rans in book stores in the Muslim world. Of the 26 studied so far there are well over 93,000 variances which change the fundamental meaning from book to book. You should be aware of the "Holes in the Narritive" as told by Dr. Yasir Qadhi.
@@InfiniteCuriosity1210 And? It still means things were lost (including context). The Quran is especially weak on context because of its very structure - sorting sections by size is a very rough way of sorting ANYTHING. What kind of library sorts books by size?
Sana'a manuscript has total of 2 layers of text, 1st layer of text was ERASED but still using ultra-violet rays one can read it (Source Sana'a manuscript - Wikipedia), 2nd layer of text is what Uthman wrote and standardized the Qur'an, you were right.
1st layer of Text was compiled by the 1st Caliph of Islam Abu bakr (RA).. formed a delegation under the leadership of Zaid ibn Thabit who was the leading scribe from the time of Prophet Muhammad (saw) or you can say, He was with prophet Muhammad from the age of 16, His only duty was to memorize and write Qur'an, 12 famous figures including Uthman (ra) collected all the materials in which Qur'an was written. In addition the "Hufaz" who memorized the Qur'an were asked to show the 2 witnesses for the verse they read. All these verses were compiled in a MUSHAF. Total of 33,000 companions agreed that every letter of Qur'an is in right place, Then this copy was sent to [Umar (ra) the 2nd caliph of Islam] which was then passed on to Hafsah the daughter of Umar (ra).
Now let's talk about the 2nd layer, A difference was observed in the dialects between iraqi & damascus muslims during the period of [Uthman (ra) who is the 3rd caliph of Islam.] So he formed a delegation again under the leadership of same person Zaid ibn Thabit and they changed the dialect to Quraysh Tribe [Prophet Muhammad's (saw)tribe] to avoid the conflicts. Now the verses were written in Quraysh tribe, Arranged the chapters in order regarding length, Added "Bismillah Hir rahman Nir Rahim" (In the name of Allah, The most gracious, The most merciful) before the starting of each Surah, so that new muslims could understand from which part chapters begin/end. Except of the original Mushaf or manuscript where 2 layers are present, all the other copies with different dialects were destroyed.
Qur'an was originally written in 7 different dialects, each tribe had their own arabic dialects in arabia not every companion of Prophet knew how to write because literature was an art in the 7th century, Islam united the people from different tribes, Prophet himself didn't knew how to read or write, so whenever he dictates a verse, people from different tribe used to write those verses in their own dialects & memorise them in their own dialect, that's the reason you find variation in 1st and 2nd layer. Dialect in simple language is nothing but the change of letters while writting and pronouncitation while reading with the same exact meaning
Example : "Organisation" and "Organization" both means same but has different pronouncitation while speaking and changes in letters while writting, but the meaning of words are always same.
Therefore Qur'an was written during the time of Prophet Muhammad, compiled during the period of 1st caliph Abu bakr (ra), corrected dialects and recitation and standartised during the period of 3rd caliph Uthman (ra), diacritical marks were added in the time of 4th caliph Ali (ra) so that non-arabs could read/understand arabic language, Vowel marks were added during Ummayad Caliph.
Both layer of text is between 578 CE - 669 CE, which exactly comes during the time of Prophet Muhammad (saw), authentic, completely preserved till date.
Allah swt said, He will guard/preserve/protect His Qur'an, Indeed the promise is fulfilled. ☝🏻❤️
اِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا الذِّكْرَ وَاِ نَّا لَهٗ لَحٰـفِظُوْنَ
"Indeed, it is We who sent down the Qur'an and indeed, We will be its guardian."
(QS. Al-Hijr 15: Verse 9)
P.S : Correct me, If I'm wrong
For more information about history of Qur'an, Check : instagram.com/virtuous_believer/p/CQYSwkLBGHV/?
czcams.com/video/OLst-OPPlcI/video.html&ab_channel=PfanderFilms
@@Digimonster90 Stop believing in someone's opinion/videos, Do your own research, get educated about islam, read everything by yourself, collect all the sources and try to find errors by your own then come back we will discuss whether Allah is a pagan god or not.
Thankyou! Have a good day.
Yes there were dialectic differences but one thing that for some reason often goes unstated in telling this traditional narrative is that dialectic differences do not constitute the only kind of differences that arose. There were different kinds of textual differences, not just dialectic. So it’s not as simple as differences merely of pronunciation or of spelling like ‘organization’ versus ‘organisation.’ Men within the same tribe who spoke the same dialect even differed and disagreed on recitation. And the evidence we have from many ahadith show us that Muhammad’s top teachers of the Quran and other close companions recited various ayat quite differently from what became the standard version. If Ibn Masuod or Ubay Ibn Ka’b had been in charge of standardizing the Quran, the Quran would not look the same today. They very heavily disagreed with Uthman’s official version. And they were adamant in their opposition and called other people to oppose Uthman’s version. And these were Muhammad’s top teachers of the Quran that he designated to learn the Quran from.
HA HA HA YOU GOT YOUR INFORMATION FROM THE INTERNET, YOU ARE A JOKE JUST LIKE THE PEDOFILO MUHAMON
@@justinwall5249 I have already told you the differences are there in the text and pronunctiation. If you can prove any heavy difference, please do it. I like to take challenges on Qur'an, please make sure not to bring any abrogated verses, because 99% of sana'a manuscript matches with today's Qur'an, and 1% are abrogated verses.
Please prove your claims, I'll be glad to answer you.
I really respect your work. You prove that it's possible to take a genuine historical approach to matters like scripture while keeping the faith. We should be able to ask honest, respectful questions out of curiosity without committing blasphemy. The production value of your videos is also great. Keep it up!
Pretty much most Muslims scholors of the golden age
Don't ask too many questions tho or you might become a disbeliever
“blasphemy”. Yup, we still live in the 7th century.
@@cindylou3524 haha in Islam we were encouraged to ask question. If Islam is like any other religion in the world to control the masses, then why its first revelation is 'IQRA' meaning read/recite? It emphazies the important of knowledge and to find the truth in Islam.
@@muhammadaiman6713 you got half of it right, it's true it emphasizes the importance of knowledge, but like every other religion questioning the religion itself and it's "aaqida" is a sin
I hope yemen finds peace. It has such an incredible history and this is an addition!
Inshallah we find peace and we restore our nation to glory
In Yemen, we are against both Iran and the Saudis.
@@Infidelx Completely understnad. Both those nations ruined you just for their own ego and to fight one another. I am verry sorry you are in this predicament.
@@andreascovano7742 we will ruin them soon and then we will ruin Russia and the USA
@@Infidelx buddy, you will grow up and be a better man
It’s always cool to find an old copy of a religious text and it’s basically the same as the modern one we use. It turns out people take a lot of care when copying their scriptures
@@nur-azhar Yeah, but it doesn't have to be. There's a world of middle ground between total infallibility and a game of telephone, and religious texts tend to fall into the "pretty much reliable" zone.
@@nur-azhar Older and better attested to doesn't mean better, it just means older and better attested to. It's up to people to determine what's most useful for them here and now.
For example, while the parable of Jesus and the harlot has been proven to be a later addition to the Bible not present in the earliest manuscripts, "let he who is without sin cast the first stone" is a powerful illustration of the need for empathy and compassion over and above condemnation. It's not as historically sound, but that doesn't reduce its theological worth.
what? nonsense, they would be re written, erased by many
@@valritz1489 What you are saying is enforcing the strength of the Biblical data, Christians never claimed that they have all the original texts and they put markings in the text to make sure that everyone knows which text is original and which text is not found in the oldest manuscripts. The texts is slanted or even separated by a line from the other texts.
hello
wanna add my Facebook and discuss religion?
Wonderful set of videos by Both Almuqaddimah and Useful Charts
It is amazing that the Qur‘an had been preserved in its wording so well and unaltered over this long period. Thanks for your efforts and bringing us this video.
Hmm 🤔 that’s a stretch…
The Quran has been severely been altered with missing verses.
There are at least 37 different Quranic variants.
The Hafs and Warsh Qurans are examples.
Uthman’s compilation proved that there existed multiple variants that existed prior to the canonization. This is why he ordered them burned.
Moreover, Uthman compiled the Quran from the wrong people (Muhammad had endorsed 4 people who he deemed the authentic hafiz).
None of these guys were included in the Uthman’s version.
The current standardized Quran is the Hafs version that was standardized in Egypt 🇪🇬 in 1924 (not even a hundred years ago).
@@NathanKwadade LMAO, you are delusional
@@NathanKwadade Lol . They are for different kinds of recitation. The words are same . Atleast do some research before making an acquisition
@@NathanKwadade Can you bring out the evidence that there is actually a missing verse that changes the whole meaning of a surah, or even ayat? Or is it that you only want to see what you want to see? 🤔
You didn't listen you only watched
Your best video to this day, I loved it.
Really well put together, clearly trying to give a fair assessment and thats to be commended
Thank you for your academic integrity here. This was one of the best videos I have viewed this year.
I can conclude by watching this video that the Sana'a Manuscript tell us more about the compilation process rather than it being a different version of Qur'an.
it is the other way around. The different version of Quran leads to standardization of compilation.
@@theosteven3362 there are no different versions
@@dazingarctic7873 yes there is
@@theosteven3362 eh, I thought it was a compilation process because it wasn't codified as such back then. Different versions may still exists though, as Quran was transmitted orally by Rasulullah (Peace Be Upon Him), so people interpretation may differ back then.
@@dazingarctic7873 there were.
Been really curious about this topic for a while now. It's really refreshing to get a textual look at the document, as most 'radical' claims regarding the Sana'a manuscript completely skip over the textual similarities between it and the Uthmanic Quran and just focus on the *slight* possibility that the parchment dates to before the lifetime of MHMD (PBUH). Very much an Occam's razor of an episode
The skin used could be created before Muhammed (saw) but not the words written on it, this is how dumb and foolish there "Critiques if Islam are".
He seems to have forgotten to mention that the underlying text that has slight differences is widely believed to be a student text when learning the Quran due to their being teacher comments on manuscript
@@zccau2316 Other scholars suggest it was another of the companion's mushaf.
@@stevenv6463 no that’s a weak opinion. How can it be another manuscript when this one had correction marks with different ink?
@@zccau2316 Because someone found it later and reused the parchment since parchment is valuable.
Man thank you for the video brother they help work go by so much faster
Excellent video, as expected given the quality of scholarship of the man who recommended the video.
Thank you for this. Remain blessed
@Artex ok I’m not Muslim and give no correlation with Islam at all, but that’s just really disrespectful dude
It's been really cool to see this channel grow. Congrats, man.
Came here from UsefulCharts, staying for the well done delivery of your videos! Keep up the good work
This is amazing work so much effort put into it, thank you.
Remember the Qur'an main preservation is because of mass memorisation.
then why are there so many different copies and different texts of the koran today? did not Uthman burn all the deviating texts? maybe he failed to do so.
@@e-college-sait u dont understand. The Qur’an was orally transmitted
@@explicit_207 that is what you say and what Islam claims, but there is no text to learn from, so anybody can claim to have the original version, which he has not, since there is no original version. The existing oral tradition are ALL different, so there is no
@@e-college-sait "The existing oral tradition are ALL different, so there is no"
Do you even understand what you're talking about?
xD No original?
If what you claim is correct, there must be hundreds of separate Qurans, each with its own set of chapters, verses, canon, and so on.
Why are there no Qurans with more or lesser than 114 Surahs?
Why are there no differences in its canon? Why are there no Sunni, Shia, Hanbeli, Hanafi etc. Qurans?
So, where did all of these Qurans go?
The transmission technique/method of studying the Quran does not rely on a physical text.
We know all of the reciters who transmitted the scripture throughout history, dating back to the Prophet.
All variations/dialects in the text are known and can be traced back to the Prophet (pbuh) so that we can clearly say that it is revelation instead of variation made in a certain time by certain people and groups!
Millions of people worldwide recite the entire Quran without any disagreement over what is said!
Nobody could fake a Quran and tell that this is an original Quran!
@@e-college-sait ur logic is really stupid. Literally this is the tradition of how the Qur’an was passed down. Muslims recite the Quran everyday and remember full surahs by heart. I dont see Sunnis or Shias reading a different version of Surah Fatihah unlike the Christians who each denomination have their own bible.
Amazing video جزاك الله خير
This video is failed to mention many things, and I hope it wasn't deliberate: First the Quran is transmitting from the day one till today through the mutual-asserted sources النقل المتواتر, means that all Muslims have to memorize the Quran without the need of a manuscript, you can't learn the Quran by just reading it without a teacher to guide you through its proper pronunciations. Second this video didn't mention the multiple readings القراءات of the Quran in which Allah made it easy for early Muslims whom come from different Arab tribes, mostly illiterate, to recite the Quran in theirs dialect. There isn't many versions of the Quran, as this video suggest, but MANY READINGS that all agree on the meaning with minor differences. The multiple readings in the Quran is existing in the Uthmanic Mushaf as much as the Uthmanic rasm الرسم font can stand it. Uthman sent a teacher with each copy of the Quran to teach the Muslims how to recite it properly, it wasn't send it as this video suggest for people to figure out how to recite it on their own. Finally, the prophet Muhammad (PBUH) not only recite the Quran to the Muslims but he used have many scribes wrote the Quran on whatever materials they had, therefore the Quran was preserved through memorization and writing from the beginning. Anyone wants to compare the Quran with the New Testament should read, The Orthodox Corruption of Scripture: The Effect of Early Christological Controversies on the Text of the New Testament by Bart D. Ehrman to appreciate the miracle of the Quran preservation, Allah says in the Quran "9. Surely We [Allah] revealed the Message, and We will surely preserve it." [Quran 15:9]
إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا الذِّكْرَ وَإِنَّا لَهُ لَحَافِظُونَ (9)" سورة الحجر "
For whom they want know the truth of the Quran, I recommend this book: The History of The Qur'anic Text: From Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments by Muhammad Mustafa Al-Azami
Excellent work! Didnt know about this part of history.
it's so amazing the Sanaa manuscript was discovered later, to give us proof that the Quran is preserved since the earliest times in Islamic history. I think most Muslims know why you would stop or start at different words; this is something you find out when studying tajweed to recite properly. Sometimes the one reciting doesn't have a long breath (can't keep reading without stopping) so they can choose to stop at a specific place, and then continue after taking a breath. It makes perfect sense, and is nothing to do with changing the original Quran :) I believe where scribes got Arabic terms, or recitations are specific questions that can be answered quite readily by scholars who studied the standard version and codices and also know the different qiraat. Since Uthman RA was the one to compile and send out the Quran, then I believe he is the one whose manuscript I do easily accept if it came down to choosing between any of the codices or Uthman's RA copy.
Bro need ur help. I read one Hadis which states that some Quran verses were written on Leaves and a goat ate them. Those quranic verses got missing from Quran. Is it true?
@@nasirabbas5478 were they the stoning and breast feeding for adults verses which were under the prophet pillow and the goat eat them? How come no one memorized them during that that time even thought they were written down?
@@120901s yes. U r right. Those verses are pointed out in some hadis but not there in Quran. Whyyy. Anyone can answer about it. I am Muslim and very confused.
@@nasirabbas5478 Muslims know who they ask about they religion and you are asking random people under random channel and say I’m a Muslim and confused 🤔
@@chrisla6752
He is a troll probably. It's a weak or fabricated hadith that all scholars reject. First you have to establish whether a saying of Prophet/companion of prophet is true or not by using science of hadiths. Even if we think for the sake of argument that a goat did eat couple of pages of quran.. Most people had memorised quran by that time and today we have 50 million Quran memorisers throughout the world.
“Jibreel taught me one style and I reviewed it until he taught me more, and I kept asking him for more and he gave me more until finally there were seven styles.” (narrated by al-Bukhaari, 3047; Muslim, 819)
Commentaries taken from islamqa:
When ‘Uthmaan made copies of the Qur’aan, he did so according to one style (harf), but he omitted the dots and vowel points so that some other styles could also be accommodated. So the Mus-haf that was copied in his time could be read according to other styles, and whatever styles were accommodated by the Mus-haf of ‘Uthmaan remained in use, and the styles that could not be accommodated fell into disuse. The people had started to criticize one another for reciting differently, so ‘Uthmaan united them by giving them one style of the Qur’aan.
The dots and vowel marks weren't needed until non-Arabs (who obviously aren't familiar with the language, and have difficulty reading the text) became muslims. The main store of the Quranic text was, and still remain to this day, with Hafizs, people who memorized the book verbatim. Obviously the Caliphs make use of these Hafizs as quality control to ensure the written text matches the Hafizs' of the day who heard the words themselves from Muhammad and/or his Disciples.
Synth the styles here means the recitation type ( meanining how to read it and it is explained because Arabs then had some dialect differences among them ) not really a change in the script , for the quotation from islamqa , it is just a hypothesis because we don't know exactely when the dots and vowels were made it is certain that the man who invented them abu aswad al douali met uthman and read Quran on him and On Ali ibn Taleb and lived later in Iraq under the Beni Oumya rule, but it is known that Arabs did not need them because they were native to their language then but the non Arabs muslims found it difficult to read the script and began to make mistakes ( called lahn in arabic) and that needed an intervention from Abou Aswad that will evolve the language one of the stories of his invention make the event taking place in Iraq under the wali zyad ibn Abih meaning that means in Uthman times the dots and vowels were probably not known yet but Uthman intervened and standardized the script because there was a try to change Quran anyway Quran was taught and should be always taught mouth to ear, the Written codex is to help teaching it and be a reference to return to it when it is needed.
@wanrazul @abed bbb The seven styles here actually refer to ahruf (أَحْرُفٍ), the wording variation of Quran which is distinct to qiraat, the variation of Quran recitation/reading. This form of variation was acceptable during the time of prophet Muhammad SAW until the time of caliph Uthman standardization of Quran, when people from different tribes started to fought over which styles are better. Like you said, the reason of this difference was probably to accommodate people from different tribes who found it too hard to learn Quraishi dialect, such as elderly. They are no longer necessary for non-Arabs, so in a sense, Allah have 'guarded' Quran exactly like it was revealed. Some people might find the textual difference to be problematic, but Quran was revealed orally, so textual variations should be expected as long as it doesn't deviate from the extent of acceptable differences.
>One absolute truth
>Seven versions
>Law of excluded middle says either true or false
Pick one.
@@fragileomniscience7647 The seven styles are like spelling variants of the word "color/colour" in English sound the same, different spelling. Or pronouncing the same word with different accents, sounds different but the same word.
Rather than grabbing on straws, learn the language and you'll understand.
Yay! New video!
Excellent video, and a nice introduction to your channel
I remember reading somewhere (the source escapes me atm) that Ali had compiled his own version of the Quran at some point between the Prophet's death and his ascension as Caliph. I didn't dig into the claim much at the time so I can't attest to its veracity, but does any of that sound familiar to you?
Well, yeah. There's many claims for companion codices, many companions are said to have had their own. We can't know for sure because they haven't been found, except Sana'a and those mentioned in passing in traditions.
@@AlMuqaddimahYT the sanaa manuscript is simply a really old Quran. Stop trying to make it look like some newly discovered Quran that differs from whats traditionally recited.
@@AlMuqaddimahYT You're very sided. These tiny changes don't amount to 1% and other well-established Qiraat have more variation than Sanaa Manuscript. They don't even change the meanings and some of these variations are in other recognized Qiraat.
@@nasrhussain9126 But he says in the video that the Sanaa manuscript actually agrees with and confirms our own tradition. He doesn't disagree with the mainstream position of the Quran we have today being authentic.
@@nasrhussain9126 Please watch the video before leaving a comment. I would really appreciate it if people watched the video before commenting.
300 years ago my grand grand grand parents lived in hills and didnt know how to read nore how to write.. these people lived in arabia in tribes over thousand years ago. They did their BEST to leave us a unified msg.. respect that..
Great work again
Absolutely fantastic video!
The History of Writing the Early Mushaf (Quran) & The Birmingham Manuscript
Most channels remove comments that contain a link. You can reach the video by placing the above title in the CZcams search box and Inshaa’Allah you will find it on Al Mudarabah Channel..
amazing. and so well illustrated to help me understand.
There is a problem here. He said some of this koran was memorized by his followers (Spoiler Alert.) Line up 10 people and tell the first one your favorite color and when it gets back to you it would be a different color.( Guaranteed)And now you are trying to make me believe that they remember all of the sayings of Muhammad and later they were written down as factual. Earlier you said Allah sent down the Koran. Is this the best he can do? This is why Islam is only folk tales and nothing more. If you want a better read go over and read Homer's Iliad but before you do start with the Odyssey X Muslim
@@incomedaily2350 you can find Koran memorizing competitions where children from many different countries demonstrate that they have completely memorized the koran. If they can do it i suppose it could have been done in Muhammad's day.
Sorry about your difficulty with colors.
@@DarkDennis1961 Are you crazy. show me a complete koran back in the days of Muhammad where all of it was remembered. Now, do you see? Jesus said that you will know the truth and the truth will set you free. Do you want to be free from the cult of Islam? And why do you kiss the black stone? X Muslim
@@DarkDennis1961 Are you crazy. show me a complete koran back in the days of Muhammad where all of it was remembered. Now, do you see? Jesus said that you will know the truth and the truth will set you free. Do you want to be free from the cult of Islam? And why do you kiss the black stone? X Muslim
@@incomedaily2350 show you a koran that was committed to memory? Think about that. Then call me crazy again. you said a koran couldn't be memorized. I pointed out many children have done it.
As someone who knows arabic and studied arabic grammar for like 12 years at shcool it seems to me that the C1 or the sannah manuscript have this additional lines because they are an explanation to what the verse is talking about and to give it context shush where it say (on them in uthamns virsion- it says on them bani Israel in c1) grammatically it doesn’t really work the c1 version because it would be giving context on the same subject twice ,seems to me it is like a commentary by who ever was writing.may Allah be pleased with them. Brilliantly done video.
Your own comment is by definition verifying that there are different versions of the Quran.
@@John-ni1lt This video is failed to mention many things, and I hope it wasn't deliberate: First the Quran is transmitting from the day one till today through the mutual-asserted sources النقل المتواتر, means that all Muslims have to memorize the Quran without the need of a manuscript, you can't learn the Quran by just reading it without a teacher to guide you through its proper pronunciations. Second this video didn't mention the multiple readings القراءات of the Quran in which Allah made it easy for early Muslims whom come from different Arab tribes, mostly illiterate, to recite the Quran in theirs dialect. There isn't many versions of the Quran, as this video suggest, but MANY READINGS that all agree on the meaning with minor differences. The multiple readings in the Quran is existing in the Uthmanic Mushaf as much as the Uthmanic rasm الرسم font can stand it. Uthman sent a teacher with each copy of the Quran to teach the Muslims how to recite it properly, it wasn't send it as this video suggest for people to figure out how to recite it on their own. Finally, the prophet Muhammad (PBUH) not only recite the Quran to the Muslims but he used have many scribes wrote the Quran on whatever materials they had, therefore the Quran was preserved through memorization and writing from the beginning. Anyone wants to compare the Quran with the New Testament should read, The Orthodox Corruption of Scripture: The Effect of Early Christological Controversies on the Text of the New Testament by Bart D. Ehrman to appreciate the miracle of the Quran preservation, Allah says in the Quran "9. Surely We [Allah] revealed the Message, and We will surely preserve it." [Quran 15:9]
إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا الذِّكْرَ وَإِنَّا لَهُ لَحَافِظُونَ (9)" سورة الحجر "
For whom they want know the truth of the Quran, I recommend this book: The History of The Qur'anic Text: From Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments by Muhammad Mustafa Al-Azami
@@John-ni1lt no bcz that clearly means somone was trying to practice to memorize and did some mistakes lol. The Quran is a recitation rather then then a book
A remarkable video. Honorable and honest. Bravo!
Love this video!
you have basically proved that the Quran is the same and these minor or major differences do not change the message or the meaning. Thank you.
You do know that the original revelation wasn’t all written down right? Most of it was memorised.
Majority of the men who memorised it were killed in battle hence the reason why there was a need to bring all this revelation together into a book.
There were even different variations circulating around different countries. Now if you’re going to be real we all know that as humans we are not perfect and can make mistakes. Human memory can be wrong and it is a known fact that when someone tells you something you will remember it in a different way.
The chance that a lot of the original revelation is not even in the Quran we have today is highly likely and that extra ideas were added to it too. Many people from different beliefs who accepted this revelation definitely also added their own beliefs into it. There is no way of arguing against this because it’s most likely a true fact. So regardless of what you’ve said about the meaning or message not changing is wrong because you don’t even have any of the originals because they were destroyed.
@@Natalie-fj7fs you can read the Quran in about 10 hours.
Wrong. With over 30 different versions using variant vowel points and diacritical marks leads to variant readings. Respectfully, you do not know what you are talking about.
@@John-ni1lt i do not know everything but I’m Arab and I can speak,write and reed the Classic Arabic. I think I am qualified to talk about this topic.
The different versions of Quran do not mean it is a different meaning I can write a text with different types of vowel like “about” or “beutiful” you still can reed it with the same meaning. I will give you my insta If you want to dig deeper.
@@John-ni1lt czcams.com/video/BwZ7S2C4Mtw/video.html
Bro, I respect that you've made a very great effort in making this video. But I think you said version, but rather it was different readings
Good scholarship and well presented. Keep it up.
Hey man, liked your videos a lot.
Breathtaking research.
czcams.com/video/Ce0Tsx8nfik/video.html
@@nadiamahmoud4426 thank you
There were actually quite a bit of hadiths that mentioned the naming of the surahss in Qur'an. One that I remember is one hadith which mentioned Muhammad read Al-Baqarah, Ali Imran, and An-Nisaa. There were also hadiths that mentioned Muhammad read Al-Kafirun, Al-Ikhlas, Al-Falaq, and An-Naas before sleep.
very good video you didn't put any lies or apologetic claims , your video was sourced clear and concise.
just fact ,nothing biased .
thanks
Great information about the Sana’a manuscript… shokran awee.
You should also do a video on the Birmingahm Quran Manudcripts.
Some say it's older than the Sanaa. It has parts of 3 suras 18 (Al Kahaf) 19 (Maryam) and 20 (Taha)
Loved it, thanks
Very informative.
Very important and the useful video to the World,God bless you
Assalamulaikum I want you to know brother I appreciate what you do by showing a purely academic side to Islam and it’s history. I know you probably deal with a lot of abuse like being called a kafir etc. May Allah (SWT) give you patience and strength. Rasululah (AS) would appreciate your academic pursuits.
The Verse of stoning and of breastfeeding an adult ten times was revealed, and the paper was with me under my pillow. When the Messenger of Allah died, we were preoccupied with his death, and a tame sheep came in and ate it.
Sunan Ibn Majah 1944
@@takiyaazrin7562fweh thank the lord that i am a shia
@@takiyaazrin7562 tahts a fake ahadith bro lol... It has no chain or an interrupted chain of narration. I can write stuff tooo and put it online lol
@@AkramSaheb Any Hadith that has been quoted in the sihah e sita, is authentic with no problems in their chain or narration. Sunan ibn e Majah is one of the the six sihah e sita. Do some basic research before saying any dumb shit.
@@absurdist9609 hadith still can not be 100% accurate like Quran.
This is so very interesting to learn about.
The Verse of stoning and of breastfeeding an adult ten times was revealed, and the paper was with me under my pillow. When the Messenger of Allah died, we were preoccupied with his death, and a tame sheep came in and ate it.
Sunan Ibn Majah 1944
@@takiyaazrin7562
I'd expected better from Allah 🤭
@@DutchJoan luckily that’s a fabricated Hadith
Great work as always!
The Verse of stoning and of breastfeeding an adult ten times was revealed, and the paper was with me under my pillow. When the Messenger of Allah died, we were preoccupied with his death, and a tame sheep came in and ate it.
Sunan Ibn Majah 1944
@@takiyaazrin7562 what's your point with my comment you moron
excellent video, am a new subscriber
To me, this topic proves, that arabic, just like any other language, is and has always been a living, breathing thing that develops over time. That even then there were local differences, like dialects. Not very relevant today, but from a historical point of view highly interesting.
What it proves to me is that Arabic was the worst language that Allah could have chosen to preserve a book. Because you walk five miles down the road and people are speaking a completely different Arabic than you do
@@cindylou3524
Lol Arabic dialcts weren't as diverse and different as today because today's dialects are heavily influenced by many different languages. There were subtle differences and even then there was a standard literally Arabic that we can see from poems before Islam
@@cindylou3524 cry me a river
@@cindylou3524It would have differed of course, but not as much as it does. Arabic was mostly confined to Arabia itself, everyone else spoke completely different languages
Ustadh Abdurrahman Hassan has an amazing Playlist about the Preservation of the Quran and the Sciences of Variations
Much recommended~
Excellent all around.
This is excellent - very well researched!
14:45
You said, “the Prophet didn’t do much in terms of compiling the Quran.”
I say, he did, at least the oral version and for the large part the arrangement of its chapters and paragraphs.
It is well known that he audibly recited it in completion at least once every year in Ramadan.
AFRICAN AND GREEK LADIES REVERT TO ISLAM( EMOTIONAL REVERT STORIES)😪
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A compilation and recitation are different. One is to collect and inscribe it, the other is to read it audibly
What did he say after that?
@@xunqianbaidu6917 Meaningless is your comment and life🙂
@@xunqianbaidu6917 Did I send you message??Nope, But whomever Allah Guide,Nobody knows....Truth searcher convinced with Islam but Ignorants lost....
Salam I just had a doubt can we say for sure that this qurans date back to Muhammad cause the parchment could be old but what about the writing coul it be return after like 100 years or something
Akhi, this is an abrogated harf of the Quran and that’s why it’s erased and written over it our current Quran,
The Quran was revealed in 7 ahruf and this is one of the abrogated harfs
Phenomenal video
Good work
Our prayers for Yemeni people.
Hope that those big guys come to term very soon, so peace be happen again to Yemen.
As always. Fantastic video..
Excellent video. I also recommend scrolling through the comments, there are a bunch amusing arguments by fanatics.
May Allah bless you akhi!
This video made me subscribe.
إنا نزلنا الذكر وإنا له لحافظون
Well researched video 👍this indeed is testimony to the propagation of early islamic literature and the distinction of Arabic variants within the peninsula of that Era. As to compilation, I always wondered why Uthman ordered for the burning of the alternate versions of the Qur'an. The majority parts of the Quran comes from one direct line of transmission, which had earlier compilations as well and was with Hafsa, Umar's daughter, from whom Uthman gathered as much as possible (refer end of comment). This could also account for many missing verses of the Qur'an that didn't make it to the Rasm Al Uthmani, some of these examples can be found from the mutawattir hadith.
[1] The lost verses on breastfeeding.: A'isha (Allah be pleased with, her) reported that it had been revealed in the Holy Qur'an that ten clear sucklings make the marriage unlawful, then it was abrogated (and substituted) by five sucklings and Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) died and it was before that time (found) in the Holy Qur'an (and recited by the Muslims). ~ Sahih Muslim 1452a [Book 17, Hadith 30].. as mentioned it had been revealed in the Qur'an, but there is no mention of it in the Uthmani Qur'an nor a mention of any abrogation in any mutawattir hadith.
[2] The lost verse related to Stoning: As the parchment containing this verse was only with Ayesha and had been poorly guarded after the death of the Prophet.
“The Verse of stoning and of breastfeeding an adult ten times was revealed, and the paper was with me under my pillow. When the Messenger of Allah died, we were preoccupied with his death, and a tame sheep came in and ate it.” ~ Sunan Ibn Majah 1944 [Book 9, Hadith 100]
[3] The presumed Quranic abrogation of Mut'ah: This is an interesting case, where the particular decree of Allah is born in the Qur'an but is abrogated outside the Qur'an. It has been said that the abrogation of Mut'ah came into effect at Khaibar. But there is not a single ayah that talks about it in the Qur'an. So much so that even Ibn Abbas (the prophets cousin) was not aware of the abrogation. Today we have the mention of the abrogation only in the hadith. 'O people, I had permitted temporary marriage for you, but Allah has forbidden it until the Day of Resurrection.' ~ Sunan Ibn Majah 1962
[Book 9, Hadith 118] This decree of Allah is missing from the Uthmani Qur'an as well.
The complications of Quran in parts by Uthman.
So I (Zaid bin Thabit Al-Ansari) started locating Qur'anic material and collecting it from parchments, scapula, leaf-stalks of date palms and from the memories of men (who knew it by heart). I found with Khuza`ima two verses of Surat-at-Tauba which I had not found with anybody else (9.128). The manuscript on which the Qur'an was collected, remained with Abu Bakr till Allah took him unto Him, and then with `Umar till Allah took him unto Him, and finally it remained with Hafsa, `Umar's daughter. ~ Sahih Al-Bukhari 4679 [Book 65, Hadith 201]
As a cultural documentarian (cultural content professional ) non Arab and Muslim, kudos for the historical approach to this topic.
Thanks!
The idea is that they both when read give the exact same idea about what they are trying to bring to the mind of the reader, each one simply say it in its own way. C-1 is a notebook to the person who wrote it and was not meant to be shared with anyone that's why it was buried inside a ceiling, where Uthman's Mushaf was for everyone and was deliberately shared hence the simplification of the terminology and the heavy expansion of the grammar.
Very interesting. It reminds me of the Mormon origin story. I love stories about angels... but it always makes me wonder why God didn't just send the book, ready written, instead of favouring word of mouth.
lol. God was waiting for the printing press to be discovered. and then in the caae of islam, Muhammad wouldn't be special.
Because something that doesn’t exist can’t send books
Remember those who did have books changed words or hid words. The Prophet could not read so Muhammad would not have been able to read or know what the book said. The miracle is Muhammad receiving revelation from books that were giving to the Jews and the Christians. God knew Muhammad didn't know any of the stories from the Jews and the Scripture. This wasn't even an dispute that the Jews and Christians had because they knew he didn't know these stories either. They all knew he couldn't read nor write. The funny thing is the Jews and Christians in the lifetime of Muhammad didn't say he stole stories from their books they didn't add in their Torah the Jewish people didn't even know their Rabbis were changing their books and taking away books so how would Muhammad even know this? A Rabbi would have had to tell him and read verses to him in Arabic because he couldn't speak or understand Hebrew.
@Emad Saleh biased and ignorant words. Less than 100k knew the prophet (pbuh) during his lifetime, so any influencer is more popular today than 1500 years ago. 2billion followers are after conquering and expanding over a mostly ignorant suffering population. Nowadays the Quran is outdated in terms of how it views woman and slaves for example. I could believe more in flying unicorns to be honest, and if God exists they’re welcome to kill me and send me to hell right now, I don’t believe in that. I always said that and my life is great, I have really good luck. Also the fact that he was illiterate doesn’t mean that he was not a good storyteller, HE was a smart leader, who freed his people and gave them powerful values, I appreciate the historical person but in religion I don’t buy it at all, sorry.
Very interesting. I wonder how much more is out there waiting to be discovered.
Wao....i love youres videos....
Should have mentioned about different mode of transmissions. As it may be the reasons for the minor differences that exist between the different "versions" of the Quran, otherwise those looking to find faults are just going to jump the gun claiming Quran was not in fact preserved.
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Gabriel recited the Qur'an to me in one way. Then I requested him (to read it in another way), and continued asking him to recite it in other ways, and he recited it in several ways till he ultimately recited it in seven different ways." Sahih al-Bukhari Vol. 6, Book 61, Hadith 513
As an Arab person, I thought this manuscript contained major differences and corruption but really? all I see is different way of writing the same text like ف and و.
That’s relaxing and proved that no corruption has reached the Quran.
This video is failed to mention many things, and I hope it wasn't deliberate: First the Quran is transmitting from the day one till today through the mutual-asserted sources النقل المتواتر, means that all Muslims have to memorize the Quran without the need of a manuscript, you can't learn the Quran by just reading it without a teacher to guide you through its proper pronunciations. Second you didn't mention the multiple readings القراءات of the Quran in which Allah made it easy for early Muslims whom come from different Arab tribes, mostly illiterate, to recite the Quran in theirs dialect. There isn't many versions of the Quran, as you said, but MANY READINGS that all agree on the meaning with minor differences. The multiple readings in the Quran is existing in the Uthmanic Mushaf as much as the Uthmanic rasm الرسم font can stand it. Uthman sent a teacher with each copy of the Quran to teach the Muslims how to recite it properly, it wasn't send it as your video suggest for people to figure out how to recite it on their own. Finally, the prophet Muhammad (PBUH) not only recite the Quran to the Muslims but he used have many scribes wrote the Quran on whatever materials they had, therefore the Quran was preserved through memorization and writing from the beginning. Anyone want compares the Quran with the New Testament, The Orthodox Corruption of Scripture: The Effect of Early Christological Controversies on the Text of the New Testament by Bart D. Ehrman to appreciate the miracle of the Quran preservation, Allah says in the Quran "9. Surely We [Allah] revealed the Message, and We will surely preserve it." [Quran 15:9]
إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا الذِّكْرَ وَإِنَّا لَهُ لَحَافِظُونَ (9)" سورة الحجر "
For whom they want know the truth of the Quran, I recommend this book: The History of The Qur'anic Text: From Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments by Muhammad Mustafa Al-Azami
Really? I suggest you look a little further. Not to mention the very different ideas of early, very early Shiite sources, before the Shiites got tired of being butchered by Sunnis and some finally accepted the Uthman narrative put forth around 200 years later by al-Burkhari, when he wanted to place Quranic composition as close to Muhammed. BTW, the statement "the most scholar statements agree", if you look at academic (non-muslim) there is a lot of disagreement on the standard muslim (sunni) narrative. Get ready for critical study of the Quran, that is just now beginning. They are already starting to rip apart the entire early narrative that muslim believe today.
@@ME-yp7fn thank you for clarifying, i was very confused as i always thought they wrote it down from the beginning as said in some hadith
@@ehannasir8464 You can google this book, there is free online version available, this book explains everything you need and more and refute all these alleged claims by haters of the Islam. The book is: "The History of The Qur'anic Text: From Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments by Muhammad Mustafa Al-Azami"
Aslm thnx brother really appreciate
I can't help but applaud how you continuously reconcile your work with your faith, I wish more Muslims could be like you.
Allah is sufficient to restore the original version until end of the world.. Today's one is original like sana and other manuscripts.. All are same.. Alhamdulillah
Allah is like iCloud,stores and restores every thing.
Hello if i may ask, could you link your sources in your video description as links? i enjoyed the video a lot but i would also like to study myself from any articles you used, thank you so much.
Please forgive my ignorance, but what would be a good translation to read in English that is very faithful in translation to the original? Thank you for your help.
Even though Uthman ordered the destruction of all other version, Ibn Masud's version survived until early abbasid period according to hadith traditions.
Yes and there’s 3 other non uthmanic qiraats besides ibn mas’uds, you can actually find them on the internet and the sanad/isnad of them is sahih but they don’t align with the Uthmanic text so they’re considered شاذة (odd/out of order) and thus cannot be used in salat but scholars use the 4 non Uthmanic qiraats in fiqh matters
@@killr1234567 The Verse of stoning and of breastfeeding an adult ten times was revealed, and the paper was with me under my pillow. When the Messenger of Allah died, we were preoccupied with his death, and a tame sheep came in and ate it.
Sunan Ibn Majah 1944
@@takiyaazrin7562 shut up bruv you’re embarrassing yourself
just to give some context, from the 1000s of scripts found, all of them are the standard text that we have today except one ! and the difference in this one is in the under layer that was written over, but more importantly, the researchers gave a scale on the quality of the reading for each word, and these words that were different, were either a low probability that it was the correct deciphered word, or it was unrecognizable altogether
My deepest and most profound thanks for the video, not so much for the information but the manner in which it was presented. I have the greatest respect for scholars but too often a viewpoint or an agenda overwhelms the information. In my own humble research I have found that variances to earliest "Qurans" proceed from texts that were not "books" in the modern sense but rather "mnemonic (memory) devices
to be used as prompts. (FWIW). The Word of God continues to be a light that guides us to the Straight Path....something no detractor can confound. May Allah grant you jennah.
Well Done. Keep it up. Can you do post on your background and qualification. Plus your goal for doing this. Thanks.
Based on the tradition, Ali also had his own version but decided to put it aside to prevent divisions
I have heard recently that a couple of qurans attributed to Ali are being researched and carbon date in the UK.
@@pascalwager4544 well actually there is some of them but they are just the interpretion of the Quran by Ali written on the side of the pages of the Quran
Source
Gabriel taught me to recite in one style. I replied to him and kept asking him to give more (styles), till he reached seven modes (of recitation). Ibn Shibab said: It has reached me that these seven styles are essentially one, not differing about what is permitted and what is forbidden.
(muslim 819)
4:20 wasn't the lack of diacritics more to do with the fact that harakat was created right after Uthman? when Ali commissioned al-Du'ali to create it?
also at 5:00, isn't the Birmingham manuscript still debated? since the radiocarbon dating could point to it be pre-uthmanic while the text itself suggests it may not be so?
of course this is no attempt to "debunk" or any of that but i thought it would be important to mention these.
You've relied on some of the older and Orientalist studies. I quite like Asma Hilali's book The Sanaa Palimpsest which is a much more recent study and benefits from additional analysis. Some of the wording you used was a bit troubling and without more information on the 7 huroof and the 10 canonical readings, along with more detail on how Uthman actually verified his copy, the actual understanding of the preservation of the Quran is quite deficient here. On this point, Hilali's work does well at incorporating that although there are still a few gaps, still it quite well demonstrates that what's in the Sana'a Palimpsest is in line with Canonical readings. There also good discussion on the purpose of the lower layer.
This channel has become my favorite when it comes to learning about quran
Peace be upon you and your channel together with your country and your people Pakistan 🇵🇰
Usefulcharts lead me here. Great video I love history all history
It is absolutely ridiculous that even though what you say is not against Islam at all, there are Muslims who find it offensive and Islamophobes who find it as an “evidence” of their claims. Anyway, great video as always.
KEEP IT SIMPLE MR.MUQADDIMAH___ASSUME EVERY WORD IN THE QURAN IS THE WORD OF GOD. NOW PUT YOUR HAND ON THE HOLY QURAN AND ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS_____WHY ALLAH SANCTIONED SLAVERY? DIDN'T MOHAMMAD AND HIS SO-CALLED RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS OWN SLAVES? DIDN'T MOHAMMAD OWN HUNDREDS OF SLAVES AND HAD SEX WITH SLAVE GIRLS WITHOUT MARRIAGE? DIDN'T ALLAH ABROGATED THE VERSES OF THE QURAN? WEREN'T, WE TOLD THAT THE PERFECT QURAN WAS PRESERVED IN HEAVEN AND NOBODY CAN CHANGE A SINGLE WORD OF IT? DO YOU KNOW WHY OSMAN BURNED THE QURAN 30 YEARS AFTER THE DEATH OF MOHAMMAD? MAY ALLAH'S CURSE BE UPON THOSE WHO LIE BLATANTLY___MAY ALLAH'S CURSE BE UPON THOSE WHO HIDE THE TRUTH FROM THE MASSES.
M. Islam Nafees
The truth can not be forever covered, no matter clever the presenter might present the Quran variant, it crumbles the narrative of the preservation of the Quran.
people hear what they want to hear i suppose.
@afolayanonesimus3409 LOL no it doesn't
The Quran was revealed in Arabic in the seven dialects of the seven majour Tribes then. The reading may have been little different (according to the tribal versions ) BUT IN THESE TRIBAL VERSIONS the meaning was one.. Arabic is a very very linguistic language having many meanings in one word.
Quran wasn't revealed in " 7 dialects" It's rubbish. It was the best of the Arabic poetic literature chosen by Allah himself, so that none can dispute it.
@@fazalm. there is a hadith about the seven dialects what are you talking about
@@ShaikhMaaz. who denied there were 7 dialects. So what?. Quran was just one revealed by Jibreel AS - the best - the dialect of the Quresh - of our prophet saws and that's how it's preserved.. What's that you want to say?
@@fazalm. The dialect we read today (Mushaf Uthmani) was actually standardised by The Caliph Uthman (May Allah be pleased with him) selected the copy of Abu Bakr which was dialect of Quresh and burned other copies. Quran was revealed in seven different dialects. It would have been hard for us to recite and understand the Quran if it wasn’t for Uthman. That’s what I am trying to say
@@ShaikhMaaz. you're absolutely right.
Nothing wrong with the dialects. But like Urdu without zair zabar pesh , that's the vowel sounds people could pronounce the same word differently according to pronunciation styles and some with subtle meaning variations in the dialects that could have changef its meaning radically leading to fitna.
So H Umar RA introduced the vowel sounds for flawless pronunciation that cannot change the meaning of the Arabic word . It was settled for the pronunciation style of the Quresh tribe dialect the dialect of our prophet in which the Quran was revealed and that's how it is today and for all times to come.
amazing and thank you for this extraordinary work. just a question what happened with abubakar mushaf/ hafsah
Wow. Goose bumps.
Sahih al-Bukhari (4991)
Narrated `Abdullah bin `Abbas:
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Gabriel recited the Qur'an to me in one way. Then I requested him (to read it in another way), and continued asking him to recite it in other ways, and he recited it in several ways till he ultimately recited it in seven different ways."
there is another possibility , that this lower text was done by a scribe in training
some words can be read to support this view
There is something I would like to understand…are these minor differences found in the newly written text on the manuscript (upper layer) or the erased text that was recovered (lower layer)?
Thanks in advance.
Lower Layer. I didn't talk at all about the Upper Layer. That's mostly the standardized Quran. I say mostly because there are and have been many ways of writing the Quran, for example, some break lines at different points, etc.
@@AlMuqaddimahYT
Thanks for the response.
There are different Qurans that break line at different points till today. And there are 14 different recitations that sometimes use different verbs or variations of the same word. And these different Qurans number the verses a bit different even (but only very slightly).
It’s just, to judge on the preservation accuracy of the Quran, I only want to use the upper layer for reference, because the lower layer must have been erased for a reason….it wasn’t the accurate version. And god knows best…
Could I ask what do you think?
@@omarmansour6766bruh... Quran was revealed in 7 different ahruf.. Those were the dialect at thst time of arabia... They all are Quran.. You can recite in whatever way you like in one of those... Later Sahaba adopted different ahruf and combined them and Qiraat was formed... Still makes the Quran... Some Qiraat became famous and mass transmitted later on... And uptill now even many transmitted Qiraat exist... At the time of Uthman R.A people outside arabia started to hv conflicts because of this confusion... So Uthman R.A complied the Quran with help of Zaid bin Thabit who was the original scribe of Prophet SAW himself, and burned the others copies available which included the personal diaries of Companion which they used for interpretation and details of Quraan to avoid further conflict...
Saana manuscript may hv the other Ahruf or Qiraat in the lower lines and upper contains the one which Uthnan R.A compiled...
Not to forget main way to transmit was memorization... Companions remembered it by heart.. We hv narration about Uthman R.A that he used to recite whole Quran in single prayer... There is no way anyone could add or delete from Quran in this manner.
There are different reading types of the Quran not versions. Also during the prophets time the Quran was compiled by Abu bakir. They where known at "suhuf" literally meaning sheets. This is why you hear people sometimes call the Quran in Arabic as mushaf.
Oh please enough with the only one quran bullshit it's just making you look bad as time passes and people find more truth
More than 30 version and up to 7 readings. The one commonly used today was chosen among that many versions in 1924. Remember mohamed died in 632AD and 1924 is 99 years ago. Do some research please, and look at the original manuscripts.
@@MiniFroyo in terms of 7 readings I agree as mentioned however I am not aware of the versions you speak of also to my understanding the Quran today is called uthmanic Quran as it was compiled in the standard form we have today during uthman ibn afaan. This is why many non Muslims like to preach that the original was burnt during his time. I am not sure where you got 1924 as the Quran we have today.
Please enlighten me.
3 things to clarify:
1. Those are not "Versions" they're simply private copies in different "qira'at" (styles of recitations)
2. Ubayy ibn Ka'b and ibn Mas'ud's Mushafs were private copies which they included notes and commentaries for them to remember and their copies are not existent anymore since they both agreed on Zaid ibn thabit's project for the Uthmanic standardization and most of private copies were destroyed to avoid intentional and unintentional mistakes and commentries etc.. ibn Mas'ud refused to hand his copies at the beginning but scholars argue that he later on gave up his private copy for the sake of unity, and those verses are only found in the Hadith and Athar for interpretation purposes only and not in Qur’anic manuscripts..
3. and the variant words in the different styles of recitations are not errors they're intentional especially sincere no one can mess up al fatiha, they simply originated from the 7 ahruf (modes of the Qur’an) which were originally revealed by God to the Prophet (pbuh) and he approved of them in the tradition when two companions differed in reading some verses he confirmed both readings to be correct and not errors and then he explained and said "the Qur'an was revealed in 7 ahruf (Modes of the Qur’an)" to make it easy for the different tribes of that time.
And Uthamn (RA) standardized the Qur’an under the validation and presence of the Sahaba (Companions of the prophet) and Zaid ibn Thabit who was a personal scribe for the prophet (pbuh) was the Chief of the Committee and he was already involved in the first complication under the first Caliph Abu Bakr (RA).
So just like you said at the end that the Uthmanic Standardization is the Most faithful and it is indeed the Original Qur’an as the companions of the prophet themselves confirm.
The Qur'an states unequivocally that it is perfectly preserved. Are you saying the Qur'an contradicts itself?
@@anyanyanyanyanyany3551 Where did I say that "it contradict"?! Read my comment carefully and You will realize that I showed how it's quite the opposite that it is perfectly preserved just like the Qur’an states.
Doesn't perfect preservation entail that there is only one Qur'an written and that there are no differences in letters or words in any of the other Qur'an versions?
@@anyanyanyanyanyany3551 first of all there are no "versions" there's one Qur’an revealed in 7 ahruf (modes of Qur’an) from which qira'at (styles of recitations) originated just like I explained in my comment, and those ahruf were releaved by God. and all the recitations are preserved as well.
@@anyanyanyanyanyany3551 how can it be perfectly preserved when it has been compiled and edited at least twice... once when uthman did it... and once again in 1924 Cairo where the Hafs version...a recompiling of Uthman from what I understand, took place. In both cases, all variants were destroyed (which means there WERE variants to destroy)... so if there WERE variants... the promise of your god to preserve and protect the quran was a lie.. since it was NOT preserved and protected. He also did not protect certain aya from being eaten by a goat... if the hadith is to be believed.... so again, where is this vaunted god who supposedly promised to preserve and protect it? Today, we have Hafs, Warsh, Al-Duri, Qalun and Hamsa versions... I know for certain that the Hafs and Warsh have changes in meaning in some places... like in the guidance around dry ablution... in one, it is permissible for all purposes, in the other, it is not sufficient if ones comes from having sex with one of his wives... so which is correct? That is a definite difference in meaning... is it not?
great introduccion of Quran thanks from Chile
What are the major differences between the Standard and Sanaa versions?