OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH OF DEEP SCATTERING LAYER BY SONAR AND HYDROPHONE 21944
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- čas přidán 10. 09. 2024
- Made in the 1970s this film THE DEEP SCATTERING LAYER tells the story of the search for a mysterious "second floor" in the ocean, as recorded by sonar devices. This floor -- consisting of marine animals such as shrimp, whales and dolphins -- moves to different levels at different hours, different days, and different seasons. It is probed by U.S. Navy sonar, deep-trawled nets with hydrophones and instruments, and finally by by ocean going submersibles. While the film presents the research primarily in scientific terms, the study of these sound return layers was also viewed as extremely important by the Navy for tactical reasons to do with submarine operations.
Includes footage of ocean life, sonar / echometer (or " the echo sounder ") and hydrophones, deep sea and SCUBA diving, and submarine operations. A portion of the film was shot at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Some of the rare footage shown includes . including the use of small submarines shown at 2:44, the Star III submersible (13:08) and the bathyscaphe Trieste (12:59). At 18:10, the Navy's Underwater Sound Research Laboratory at the Undersea Research and Development Center San Diego is shown at 18:20. At 25:40, project Ocean Acre is seen, with a research team led by Dr. Charles Brown of the Sound Lab studying a patch of sea water near Bermuda. The study looked at the acoustic signature vs. the biological content of the scattering layer over the seasons and eventually determined that sound scattering occurred due to the presence of millions of tiny fish equipped with swim bladders of the family Myctophidae.
The deep scattering layer, sometimes referred to as the sound scattering layer, is a name given to a layer in the ocean consisting of a variety of marine animals. It was discovered through the use of sonar, as ships found a layer that scattered the sound and was thus sometimes mistaken for the seabed. For this reason it is sometimes called the false bottom or phantom bottom. It can be seen to rise and fall each day in keeping with diel vertical migration.
Sonar operators, using the newly developed sonar technology during World War II, were puzzled by what appeared to be a false sea floor 300-500 metres deep at day, and less deep at night. Initially this mysterious phenomenon was called the ECR layer using the initials of its discoverers. It turned out to be due to millions of marine organisms, most particularly small mesopelagic fish, with swimbladders that reflected the sonar. These organisms migrate up into shallower water at dusk to feed on plankton. The layer is deeper when the moon is out, and can become shallower when clouds pass over the moon. Lanternfish account for much of the biomass responsible for the deep scattering layer of the world's oceans. Sonar reflects off the millions of lanternfish swim bladders, giving the appearance of a false bottom.
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This film is part of the Periscope Film LLC archive, one of the largest historic military, transportation, and aviation stock footage collections in the USA. Entirely film backed, this material is available for licensing in 24p HD, 2k and 4k. For more information visit www.PeriscopeFi...
After graduating the US Navy Recruit Training Center in Orlando, Fla. in 1977, I was assigned to the Fleet ASW Training Center 'A' School in San Diego as a Sonar Technician (Surface), and then to the fleet as an AN/SQS 26CX Operator aboard two Knox Class Frigates. The biologic layer can be quite noisy, especially at night, when it migrates toward the surface. So noisy, in fact, that ultra-quiet submarines can hide within these layers of biologics and seawater salinity and temperature variants. If conditions are right, sound can travel thousands of miles along these layers. The biggest threat were Soviet Ballistic Subs (Boomers), and no expense was spared in detecting and tracking these vessels.
This background music is amazing. The narrator as well.
It reminds me of how the old Disney Documentaries sounded. Or the old Army Videos.
So nice that there was a specific way things were done and you can tell it. Even the microphone he used to narrate has a very specific rasp, or crispness with fuzz.
It reminds me of the twilight zone as well.
Thank you for this upload.
Stay safe
✌️† ❤️ 🐟🐠
Exactly! I was trying to put my finger on it without success so thank you.
Was just thinking how this could be a rude at Disneyland lol
The good old days, when you could do science shirtless while smoking a pipe as your friend walks around wearing nothing but a button up shirt and flip flops.
Boy, does this bring back memories! I was doing my graduate study in biological oceanography at about this time, using many of the same oceanographic instruments (12- and 25-kHz echo sounders, bathythermographs, etc.) shown in the video. The guy staring into the microscope at 0:49 sure looks like Tom Clarke, who was one of my thesis advisors at the University of Hawaii.
19:10 “Ccshhtt: OK LOWER UNNECESSARILY COMPLICATED FISH BLADDER TESTING CHAMBER LID.”
Csshhtt (momentary radio static) “Lowering away sir.”
Thats one way to increase funding
Thanks for upload
You are welcome -- glad you found it and appreciate it. Love our channel? Help us save and post more orphaned films! Support us on Patreon: www.patreon.com/PeriscopeFilm Even a really tiny contribution can make a difference.
Sweet
19:09 Fish: "YEAH SCIENCE BIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitch!"
where can i find this without a water mark? thank you!
You can license material directly from us for any commercial use. Just visit www.PeriscopeFilm.com
@PeriscopeFilm what is the gelatinous material it skips the description of at around 7:02 ?
Why does it skip at 7:04?
Most likely the film was damaged before they digitized it
I was gonna ask the same, weird
Idk seems like it's skipping over the description of the gelatinous material. @@iamhe49
This the shit right here
NOSC
UGH, unwatchable w the annoying time code overlay.
🥔