PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION (PEM)- Kwashiorkor and Marasmus

PEM
Protein-energy undernutrition (PEU)
Kwashiorkor
Marasmus
causes
Cases
treatment
Case 1
A 4 year old girl brought to the hospital with a complaint of failure to thrive and generalized swelling all over the body. She had a history of repeated respiratory infections and intermittent diarrhea. She belongs to a poor family and resides in a slum area.
Diagnosis- Kwashiorkor (Protein-energy malnutrition)
Cause - Low protein in the diet
Treatment - high protein diet
Case 2
A 3 year old child from a poor illiterate family reported with edema, discoloration of hair and skin, anemia, diarrhea. His serum albumin and K+ were low.
i) Give the diagnosis and etiology
ii) What is the cause of edema
Albumin level decreases in kwashiorkor hence oncotic pressure decreases. The oncotic pressure is in direct opposition with the hydrostatic pressure and tends to draw the water back into capillaries by osmosis. Hence in albumin deficiency, fluid accumulates in the tissues and causes edema.
iii) Suggest line of treatment and preventive measures
Supportive therapy-ORS for diarrhea
High protein diet- Eggs, meat, fish, pulses, mushrooms etc
Vitamin and mineral supplementation
Vaccination for the age

[@himanshuambilkar4160]

PROTEIN energy malnutrition-
The range of condition arising from lack of calories and protein in a child below 5 years of age.....
Classes-
Kwashiorkor
Marasmus
Marasmickwashior.....
Weight/height
Mid upper arm circumference...
Kwashiorkor-
1-5 year age
PROTEIN
Weight/height 60- 80 percent
Hair flag, sparse
Moon face
Dermatitis
Distension , hepatosplenomegaly
Fatty liver
Edema
Albumin .5-2 gm/DL......
Marasmus-
Less than 1 year
Calories
W/h less than 60 Percent
No change in hair
Old man
Shrunken abdomen
No liver enlargement
More than 2 gm/ dL...
Cause-
Poverty
Improper weaving
Chronic infection
Malabsorption....
Complications-
Repeated infection
Hypoglycemia
Hypothermia
Dehydration
Shock
Vitamin and mineral deficiency....
Treatment-
Cause treatment
Complications
Vitamins and minerals supplemention
Vaccination....
Thank you sir

[@Rajesh_Jambhulkar]

Thank You Himanshu

[@Ramokhan12]

So helpful thanks

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[@nisarullah3985]

Sir please explain Oncotic pressure

[@burhanuddinmohammadi8566]

Thank u sir!

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[@chandr8793]

Again Thanku sir 🙏
U are like life Savior for biochemistry in this time of university examination.... 🤗🤗

[@Poojagupta-dc8sx]

Knowledge full & interesting video sir
Best explain 🙏

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[@samuelkyalo3916]

A good presentation sir

[@tanyagowda4876]

Sir, serum cortisol levels in marasmus is increased and kwashiorkor is decreased. Is it because in marasmus, since we have a calorie deficiency, it's increased to increase levels of glucose ?
Thank you. Very helpful video, sir! :)

[@nikhilprajapati3166]

Sir your video is very helpful for me

[@Ankit.malyaj]

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Thank you sir for this video
its a humble request kindly upload video on PCR sir

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[@iammanojnarayan]

But in developed countries obesity and overnutrition are major problems 😁😁😁

[@Dimensionalalteration]

I'm in a developed country and still malnourished and fat due to fluid retention. Looks can be deceiving.

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Iam also thinking that

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lmao wrong

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Sir , what abt marasmic Kawashirkor

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Sir..I m going to complete my Bsc in biochemistry this month, I m intrested in teaching and I wanted to do PhD. So which one should I opt for Msc Biochemistry or MSc food and nutrition. Please guide me.

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Sir aap acchi trah se padhate hai. Kya aap cold chain par video layege pliz...

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Best explain
Thanks teacher

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Thank you so much sir

[@Divinedamini]

Thank you sir for this topic 🙏

[@smritigupta986]

Sir, if marasmus is the overall deficiency of nutrients then why is it kept in the category of protein energy malnutrition?

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Sir can u please continue with the video series of important topics for University examination specifically Genetics🙏🙏

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Plz make a video on dehydration and overhydration

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You are just so good in explaining 🥺😭

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I am really greatful to you🙏...this lecture really helped me lot

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ITS A HUGE REQUEST COMMENTIMG 4TH TIME
PLS HELP,OUR EXAMS ARE COMING🙏🙏🙏

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[@romesaabid7158]

Which is the first indicator for Protein-Energy malnutrition 1. Weight for height or Mid upper arm circumference??

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Sir plz ek lecturer obesity........

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Mohd Danish

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👍👍👍

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Sir which book should I refer for clinical cases with their all explanation and approach in biochemistry.sir please reply.

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Satyanarayana has explained every clinical condition at the level of students u can refer to it...,

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Alhamdulillah...

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Anemia in women presentation, bta dijiye

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Where is preventive measures

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[@Karvarez.]

Sir, in marasmus, there is primary calorie deficiency,
so we see hypoglycemia. Similar way , all proteins are also used for producing energy isn't? then why we are not seeing HYPOPROTEINEMIA in marasmus? sir

[@Rajesh_Jambhulkar]

It goes down but not below 2gm/dl

[@Karvarez.]

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Thank you sir

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[@priyankasethi501]

sir what about PEM in adults ?

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Sir malnutrition b yhi ha

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Malnutrition is the enemy. People who suffer from Malnutrition get sick a lot easier. We need more propaganda to encourage people to eat plenty of fruits and vegetables. If you don't eat your fruits and vegetables no dessert. Those are the rules.

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Liablility

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Thank you sir ❤❤