Acid base disorders with case discussion

Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Acidosis
decreased pH
Alkalosis
increased pH
Metabolic acidosis
primary defect- decreased bicarbonate
Compensation - hyperventilation by lungs
Causes
High anion gap metabolic acidosis
DKA
lactic acidosis
renal failure
organic aciduria
aminoacidurias
Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis
Diarrhea
RTA
intestinal fistula
Metabolic alkalosis
primary defect- increased bicarbonate
Compensated by Respiratory mechanism- hypoventilation
causes
vomiting
upper git obstruction
adrenal tumor
Cushing syndrome
glucocorticoid excess
mineralocorticoid excess
Respiratory acidosis
primary defect- increased pCO2
Compensated by renal conservation of bicarbonate
Causes
pneumonia
COPD
asthma
Narcotics and sedatives
paralysis of respiratory muscles
Respiratory alkalosis
primary defect- decreased pCO2
Compensated by - renal excretion of bicarbonate
Causes
Hypoxia
High altitude
Hysteria
hyperventilation