Nature - Germanic languages comparison (15 words in 7 languages)
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- čas přidán 7. 11. 2022
- Languages comparison
Words: air, animal, Earth, fire, island, mountain, plant, river, sand, sky, sun, tree, volcano, water, wind
Languages: English, German, Dutch, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic
English still has lift for air, deer originally meant animal, the suffix berg is still used in names, places, and words like iceberg = ice mountain, flood for river, and heaven for sky.
Very true! Just that the English equivalents have a slightly different meanings than their counterparts in other languages
True,but not every one is familiar with some of those words.For,instance i had no idea that the word lift could mean air.Also,iceberg is a partial loan-translation of Dutch ijsberg, literally "ice mountain," from ijs "ice" (see ice (n.)) + berg "mountain" .
@@jahirareyes1102 thanks for bringing that up.
@@jahirareyes1102 But there is a Germanic equivalent to mountain in English. It's bour, cognate to berg. It exists in harbour.
@@michalreingraberskaliasmiz185 Indeed,but i don't think bour is used as much as mountain is .
Austria, Switzerland, Lichtenstein and Luxemburg left the channel
0:36 ‘Jörðin’ is the definite article of ‘Jörð’ as in the planet. The noun is ‘jörð’.
0:49 The words ‘fúrr’, ‘fúr’, ‘fýr’, ‘fýri’, ‘funi’ exist in Icelandic and are cognates with English ‘fire’, Dutch ‘vuur’, German ‘Feuer’.
1:02 There is an alternative form of the Icelandic word ‘ey’ which is ‘eyja’.
1:14 The word ‘berg’ also exists in Icelandic. There is an alternative form of the Icelandic word ‘fjall’ in Icelandic which is ‘fell’.
1:26 There is an alternative form of the Icelandic word ‘jurt’ which is ‘urt’.
1:39 The words ‘fljót’ and ‘elfur’ exist in Icelandic which also mean ‘river’.
There is an alternative form of the word ‘elfur’ which is ‘elfa’.
2:16 ‘sólin’ is the definite article of ‘sól’. The word ‘sól’ should not be capitalized since it is not a proper noun.
2:30 The word ‘baðmur’ in Icelandic means ‘tree’ and it is cognate with German ‘Baum’ and Dutch ‘boom’.
Some of the swedish words that looked like they were the odd ones could easily be replaced with ones that matches the others. Like Plant - Växt, could have used "planta". Berg / Fjäll, flod / älv.
In Faroese, the 15 words are:
luft, dýr/djór, jørð*, eldur, oyggj, fjall, planta/vøkstur, á, sandur, himmal, sól*, træ, gosfjall, vatn, vindur
The Earth and Earth's Sun are more often than not referring to in the definite form: jørðin, sólin.
Note that the -en in a couple of Danish words is the suffix for the definite form. Earth is jord, jorden means the earth. If you use Earth as the name of the planet, it is Jorden in Danish.
Is the English word "eldritch" somehow related to the other Germanic words for the "fire"?
nope. looks like a coincidence. "eldritch" has an unclear origin, but it seems to be related to "else". the north germanic words for fire come from a proto-germanic term that meant fire.
Should have included Frisian
And Afrikaans
We still have loft for air as in 'aloft' meaning up in the air, and animal also as 'beast'. Tree is still an English word, but also 'beam' is an english word for tree, as in 'hornbeam' etc and even beam as in main part of the timber section of a tree. I am sure various regional dialects retain certain Germanic words not retained in London English, as they were least affected by the ponsified French in London! Down here in Cornwall I can also compare with Cornish, where such words are also found in place names, e.g. innis means island, carrow means deer, withen means tree etc, and obviously no comparison!
love how fundamental the word for Island is in Scandinavians
English in many cases has both latin and germanic version or synonym for a word but sometimes with a slight difference in meaning.
Hey, you keep using borrowed words from latin instead of the Germanic word. Animal is not true English. It is a borrowed word from LATIN. The original Germanic word for animal still exists in English. "Deer" originally meant "animal" in English and we still use that word but it has been relexified.
English is the Germanic language that was most influenced by Latin, and that is because of the Roman colonization of the British Isles as well as the influence of Middle French in English.
much more so by the Norman conquests than the Roman colonies. by the time of the migration period most elements of the Roman empire in the British isles were fading
I'm afraid that the Anglo-Saxons didn't come to England until the Romans had been gone for quite awhile.
The Romans were before the Anglo-Saxons, most of the influence came from the Normans.
I think loanwords like plant or volcano are not a good choice for language comparisons.
Eng still has the germanic words, but they have been affected by semantic drift. Berg is only used in placenames. (iceberg is a loanword)
The word "Sun" is very curious in those languages.
How so
@@SrednyStog It's pretty curious that the word "Sun" in Northern Languages is more similar to Vedic Sanskrit (and subsequently Latin) word for that than the British and German ones.
@@pile333 never heard of that
@@pile333 Proto Indo European apparently had alternating -l- and -n- in the declension of the PIE word for "sun", so different languages inherited these alternations differently, sometimes, as in Germanic, forming multiple words with different infixes, or, as in Latin and Sanskrit, only inheriting one form. Apparently, even Old English had both "sol" and "sunne", for "sun".
@@dannicron Yes, it probably underwent that typical phonetical transformation.
In Scandinavian one can also use "fyr" for "ild"
In a very limited sense in Swedish. Though fireworks = fyrverkerier.
Sad how English has been reckoned by the Norman.
I loved "eldur" + "fjall" = "eldfjall".
I guess we like making our own words sometimes
English "fire" is listed as "ild/eld" in Norwegian. But consider instead "on fire": that would be "i fyr". E.g., "on fire/in flames", there is the expression "i fyr og flamme".
English "sky" is given as "himmel/sky". Norwegian "himmel" means "sky" or "heaven", while Norwegian "sky" means "cloud". I guess "I skyen" *could* mean something like "above the clouds" and thus indicate "sky" or "heaven"
Other words like "river" have some many variations in both English and Norwegian/German/etc that it becomes very difficult to compare. Like Norwegian "elv" (German "Elbe"), "å/ån" (French "eau"), "låg" (cognate to English "lake" or "loch", Italian "lago"), "bekk" (German "Bach"), etc, etc.
Why are you forgetting the northern part of Belgium!
And why aren't Austria and part of Switzerland marked as Germanic states?
Air, animal and mountain are not Germanic in origin I think, probably French.
Correct (in French : air, animal, montagne, all from Latin)
However, it's not like English necessarily lost the Germanic word. For example, the words for "animal" in the other Germanic languages are in fact related to the word "deer" in English. Similarly, "to lift" is related to the Germanic root for "air".
They're Latin cognate words that entered into English via French.
@@Mercure250 Yeah, cats and dogs are both deer, and when it's hot and crowded I really need some lift to breath
*Island*
Danmark Sweden Norway and Iceland:Ø, Ö, Øy, Ey
Ahem...
ackchually
0:36 Icelandic "jörð", not "Jörðin" (the "in" is a definite article)
1:02 Icelandic "ey" ("ey" is technically correct, but it's like using "hemorrhage" in casual speak instead of just "bleeding". Most people just use "eyja")
1:39 Icelandic "'á", not "fljót" ("fljót" is a big river like the Nile, "á" is a general word for river)
2:17 Icelandic "sól", not "sólin" (refer to comment above)
It was the same for the other Nordic languages with earth and sun. My guess is that it is due to earth and sun also meaning the planet "the Earth" and our sun "the Sun".
@Kasahara That is what I thought until my friend pointed out to me that the Earth doesn't need a definite article in Icelandic (don't know how it works with the Scandinavian languages though). I am trying to be civil about this and not be rude
@@SiggiGumma In Danish it requires a definite article unless we are talking about "our Earth" in which case we would say "vores jord".
And don't worry, you don't come across as being rude at all.
@@kasahara501 interesting. I wonder why it's so different
Regarding "river", it's more or less the same in Swedish, "å" (or "älv" depending on circumstance) is the general word.
Faroese? Frisian? Flemish?
I doubt that Dutch and Flemish differ significantly when it comes to these very basic terms. Frisian and Faroese would have been interesting, though.
English language: I am a Germanic language, I swear.
Others: ok dyr for animal
Swed: i like it djur
Others: fine, move on to the price topic
Swed: DYRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
Amazing how in this video of Germanic languages you can see the influence of the Latin. Culture is power.
Well, Luxembourgish belongs to the West Germanic languages group.
:o
boom tree 🇳🇱
Why every first letter in German word is in capital?
cuz every noun in german is written like that
Not only that Noun adjectives and verbs are capitalised also
@@cloudkicker1118 No, only nouns, polite pronouns and names are capitalised in German. No other words are.
Edit: It applies to nominalised verbs and adjectives, too (verbs and adjectives being transformed into nouns such as "Who is the next in the line?", where "next" is usually an adjective but is used as a noun in this context).
@@kasahara501 was hab ich dann bitte in deutsch in der Schule in Österreich gelernt.😅😅
Bei den verben oder so gabs da irgendwelche Ausnahmen war aber ziemlich selten. Also so irgendwas hab ich noch in Erinnerung ka ob des stimmt.
Ah, Sie sprechen über Substantivierung. Ich hatte den Begriff vergessen. Auf meiner Sprache (Dänisch) sind alle Wörter mit einem kleinen Anfangsbuchstabe geschrieben, weshalb ich den Begriff erwogen nicht hatte.
Da ich Ihren Kommentar las, glaubte ich, dass Sie alle Verben und Adjektive erwähnte. Ich habe einen Fehler begangen, und Sie haben recht.
🇫🇮Finland???
Finnish is not a Germanic language, not even a indo-european language. It is part of the finno-ugric language family, Estonian being the closest, Hungarian is also part of the same family though more related to Mansic. They all originate from the Ural mountains. There are also other finno-ugric languages spoken in Europe like Karelian or the languages spoken by the Sami e.g.
Finland is Uralic, not Germanic
English the odd one out
Želaí da jubaču zarovnená englýnago í romaninih rážuv
english from france 👀👀
70%of the video Uk said latin words soo most considerated from the latin language and not germanic
Thanks to normans 😂
Modern English was Influenced by The Norman French Language(French was A Latin Language) i think that's why english has some latin origin words
@@bluewave5 true
@@bluewave5 hahaha dime latin origin words... Bro 70% of english language is of greco latino origin...
@@victorgonzalez-qi3er But if you listen to two English speakers having a conversation, 70% of the words they use will be Germanic. We tend to use the French, Latin and Greek words when we want to impress, so literary and academic writing is full of them. But in daily speech, it's seen as pretentious and people are mocked if they use too many 'long' words.
Is Finnish not a germanic language..??
No. Finnish is a Finno-Ugric language, instead of a Indo-European language like the Germanic, Romance, Celtic and Slavic language groups. Basically, outside of like Estonian, Hungarian is the closest national language to it in Europe, but they are still as dissimilar as Russian and French. It does however have some Germanic loanwords.
@@spectacleHD Thank u for the explanation..
Proof English is half Latin and half Germanic
Only in vocabulary. Structure, grammar, syntax and so on, are very different from Latin
English is a Germanic language just on paper, there is much more influence from Latin and French.
The basic structure and simple nouns, pronouns, verbs, grammar etc in English, are still largely Germanic. More complex concepts borrowed French and Latin. Regional dialects outside the ponsified French influence of London English remain very Germanic.
English has a greater affinity with the Romance languages than with the Germanic ones.
No dicionário
I disagree. I'm English and feel much more comfortable with languages like Norwegian. We have borrowed a lot of words from French and Latin, but our spoken language in daily life is mostly Germanic. However, as the Norwegians speak excellent English, there is no incentive to learn it. The easiest Romance laguage is, I think, Spanish.
@@BuffOrpington7 é uma língua germânica o finlandês não.
Nah, English sounds way more Germanic than Latin, even tho is so different from the others.
it doesn't. You guys just like to use words you don't understand.
English has too many latin/french words to be considered a Germanic language anymore
You cant build an english sentence with just the latin/french words tho
That's not how it works. English has the same origin as the rest of the Germanic languages, and structurally, it's very similar to the rest, especiallythe Scandinavian languages like Swedish and Norwegian. Also, the most common words are still Germanic, while words of Latin origin are mostly technical terms. Then there's the sound system, which has a lot of sounds not in Romance languages (the sounds th makes, for instance, which English has maintained but other Germanic languages have lost)
German: Die Menge der subterritorialen Knollenpflanzen ist reziprok zum Intellekt des Agrarökonomen
English: The quantity of sub territorial tuber plants is reciprocal to the intellect of the agricultural economist