Orchids: The Masters Of Lying, Cheating & Stealing
Vložit
- čas přidán 15. 05. 2016
- Thanks to Curtin University and the University of Western Australia for sponsoring this video. Also, special thanks to Kingsley Dixon and the Orchid Specialist Group of the IUCN’s Species Survival Commission.
______
If you want to learn more about this topic, here are some handy keywords to get your googling started:
- Mycelium
- Mycorrizhae: a fungus that grows in association with the roots of a plant in a symbiotic or mildly pathogenic relationship.
- Mycoheterotroph: A plant that is completely reliant on fungus for all of its nutrition.
- Sexual deception: A trick used by numerous orchid species of looking and/or smelling like female insects in order to draw male insects to their flowers (for pollination)
- Food deception: Rather than offering pollinators real food rewards (such as nectar or pollen), some orchids merely mimic the looks and smells of other, nearby flowers that offer such rewards.
- Pollinia: In most flowering plants, pollen is a powdery substance made up of tons of individual pollen grains. But orchids pack their grains into a couple of sticky sacks (pollinia) instead.
- Epiphyte: A plant that grows harmlessly upon another plant. Lots of tropical orchids are epiphytes
- Lithophyte: A plant that grows on rocks
Species Featured in this video:
- Phantom Orchid (Cephalanthera austiniae)
- Bee orchid (Ophrys apifera)
- Fly orchid (Ophrys insectifera)
- Mirror orchid (Ophrys speculum)
- Red Helleborine Orchid (Cephalanthera rubra)
- Nettle-leaved bellflower (Campanula trachelium)
- Hammer orchid (Drakaea glyptodon)
- Wasp (Zaspilothynnus trilobatus)
- Lady's slipper orchids (Cypripedium calceolus)
- Dracula orchids (Dracula terborchii and Dracula andreettae)
- Spider orchids (Genus Caladenia)
- Cigar Orchid (Cyrtopodium punctatum)
- Venus slipper (Paphiopedilum Maudiae)
______
Credits (and Twitter handles):
Script Writer: Peter Reich
Script Editor: Emily Elert (@eelert)
Video Illustrators: Omkar Bhagat (@TheCuriousEnggr) and Ever Salazar (@eversalazar)
Video Director: Emily Elert (@eelert)
Video Narrator: Emily Elert (@eelert)
With Contributions From: Henry Reich, Alex Reich, Kate Yoshida, Rachel Becker and David Goldenberg
Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: / drschroeder
Image Credits:
Phantom Orchid - Miguel Vieira
Ophrys apifera - Hans Hillewaert
Ophrys insectifera - Bernd Haynold
Ophrys speculum - Wikimedia user Esculapio
Cephalanthera rubra and Campanula trachelium - Olivier Pichard
Hammer Orchid Animation based on Photos by Rod Peakall
Lady Slipper Orchid - Flickr user ladydragonflyherworld
______
References:
Cameron DD, Johnson I, Read DJ, Leake JR. 2008. Giving and receiving: measuring the carbon cost of mycorrhizas in the green orchid, Goodyera repens. New Phytologist 180: 176-184.
Cameron DD, Leake JR, Read DJ. 2006. Mutualistic mycorrhiza in orchids: evidence from plant-fungus carbon and nitrogen transfers in the green- leaved terrestrial orchid Goodyera repens. New Phytologist 171: 405-416.
Cameron DD, Preiss K, Gebauer G, Read DJ. 2009. The chlorophyll containing orchid Corallorhiza trifida derives little carbon through photosynthesis. New Phytologist 183: 358-364.
Givnish, T. J., Spalink, D., Ames, M., Lyon, S. P., Hunter, S. J., Zuluaga, A., . . . Cameron, K. M. (2015). Orchid phylogenomics and multiple drivers of their extraordinary diversification. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Proc. R. Soc. B, 282(1814), 20151553. doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.1553
Hopper, S. D., & Brown, A. P. (2007). A revision of Australia' s hammer orchids (Drakaea: Orchidaceae), with some field data on species-specific sexually deceived wasp pollinators. Aust. Systematic Bot. Australian Systematic Botany, 20(3), 252. Retrieved April 28, 2016, from goo.gl/3l7Yuv.
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. goo.gl/3tzFuC.Accessed online April 27, 2016.
Koopowitz, H.. (1992). A STOCHASTIC MODEL FOR THE EXTINCTION OF TROPICAL ORCHIDS. Selbyana,13, 115-122. Retrieved from www.jstor.org/stable/41759800
Mccormick, M. K., Taylor, D. L., Juhaszova, K., Burnett, R. K., Whigham, D. F., & O’Neill, J. P. (2012). Limitations on orchid recruitment: Not a simple picture. Molecular Ecology, 21(6), 1511-1523. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05468.x
Merckx, V. and Freudenstein, J. V. (2010), Evolution of mycoheterotrophy in plants: a phylogenetic perspective. New Phytologist, 185: 605-609. Retrieved April 28, 2016, from goo.gl/CvCQOX)
Rasmussen, Hanne N., and Finn N. Rasmussen. "Orchid mycorrhiza: implications of a mycophagous life style." Oikos 118.3 (2009): 334-345. - Věda a technologie
Orchids that pretend to be insect mates are the catfishes of the dating world.
+Shelly Bai more like catfishes of the mating world
Shell B the orchids would be famous on insectgram and flybook
Shell B My question is how do Orchids even *know* what shape and color an insect is? Orchids don't have eyes, right, so how?
Feathers It's most likely evolution. I'm assuming some orchid just was born with a defect that caused it to have a part that SLIGHTLY looks like an insect, but enough to fool some dumb insect. That caused that gene to thrive. Then a random mutation caused one to look slightly more like an insect. Repeat until successful.
sea b honestly i find it more disturbing how a male can just decide to have sex with a female insect, even though males are usually much weaker then females. although in the long past of 80 thousand years ago, i bet humans did the same since noone had clothes and males mated far more often.
even australia's orchids are spiders
+Dunkleosteus Australia: Where everything wants to kill or terrify you.
one of the best comments ever
Dunkleosteus
*claps*
ThePdot 7 15 2 I like dunkleosteus
ThePdot 7 15 2 but I hate orchids
Wow orchids are politicians.
+Jeffery Green
Just like Dona-I mean Orchid Trump
+Jeffery Green man that jokes never been made before
+William Zhang Or Hi- I mean Orchid Clinton.
I'm starting to establish an Orchid Party.
Jeffery Green Donald Trump
Sarcasm 101 : "How beautiful and smart you are,just like an Orchid"
+Yukino Takada 雪乃 鷹だ Some people name their kid "Orchid".
"our kid" "orchid" . .. I immediately thought of that.
I’m late lmao
@@exammole4545 same
orchid's are smart and pretty good looking tho-
Damn that wasp just got a face full of balls
Pussy*
+chris camez No no... the pollen is basically sperm.
+Aaron Park So, it's like a pearl necklace? Ew.
Aaron Park thats nasty lmao ok im wrong.
Voldermort BUTT Ball gagged
"The masters of lying, cheating & stealing"
Guess that explains why my ex loved them so much, she has so much in common with them
Well played sir, well played.
+DBR Liamg why are you so sexist
DJ Buuuuuuuurrrrrrnnnnnnnnnn
OOOOOOOOOOOOOH SNAP
damn, i kinda like them as well, they bloom so big and pretty
Orchids may lie, cheat and steal, but without the vanilla orchid we wouldn't have vanilla beans. So, I'll let it slide.
Adam Hoffman how about we kill all orchids and just leave the vanilla one?
Asan Ali agreed
Adam Hoffman
Just the vanilla, screw the others!
no vanilla icecream NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
I hate vanilla but love chocolate
of course we try and save them....
they remind us of ourselves.
Maël Poulin Latulippe you just roasted humans
If self-roasting wasn't a thing before, you sure made it a thing
@@theaveragecomment1014 "we" say it with me "we" played ourselves
@@nekowolf2336 Thank you.
@@nekowolf2336 Whats a cat wolf? Like catdog?
"All to save a bunch of plants that lie, cheat, steal, and…oooh, that one's pretty."
Political agenda in a nutshell.
+BioniclesaurKing4t2 Thumbs up sir!
LOLLLLL
EXACTLY!
Work smarter not harder
+maddie KAY Let others do the work for you, for free..
Orchids are basically capitalists.
+omgfackdehell sounds good to me
+hedgehog3180 You mean corpratists. Capitalists have to work hard to get people to buy their stuff. Corpratists buy politicians to get people to buy their stuff.
+maddie KAY They're welfare queens.
I wonder what the original form of the orchid was and where it first grew in.
Godplay Gamer Well maybe in the fungi and bugs did not just sit there and take it, even plants can be alphas.
lol
+Godplay Gamer They're*
CaptmagiKono
It was fat and orange with a yellow top. Looked like a gaping goldfish.
your local thief's garden?
Orchids: Move over roses!! Your thorns aint nothing compared to my politician-grade lying, cheating, and stealing skills.
true
Further proof that if you''re pretty, it doesn't mater what you do
+Thorite104 He's talking about orchids, haha. But yeah, Emily does have a pretty voice.
+Thorite104 he was talking about the orchids
Beauty is on the outside. Inside is just too bloody.
First Last As a surgery enthusiast, I beg to differ.
ozayevable I like surgery, not in a sexual/"I like to cut people open in my basement" kinda way, it's just neat, I even got to watch my own hernia surgery live XD
Frankly you've described orchids as complete assholes. I'm not sure I can feel bad if they go extinct...
Same here.
Yeah
They are pretty. People value appearance over character.
+Ethan McDonald How about the fact that they are the first ever species of flower?
ObservableFiction My grandmother is also really old. Doesn't mean I have to like her. xD
Rock: *exists*
Orchid: _It's free real estate_
fungi: *exists*
orchids: it's free real estate
Orchids are absolutely fascinating. Nature is fascinating. MinuteEarth has opened my eyes and now I secretly want to be a biologist.
Nature is amazing and mysterious and beautiful!
Good Luck, my friend! ^_^
+Barath Raj it's not really beautiful, it violent chaotic and most of it is understood
Thorite104 Not entirely. Yes it is true that it is violent.
+UnPuntoCircular I guess it's not secret seeing as you've declared it publicly here.
+Valentin Teslov rayos! now you know my secret
Orchids are basicly the wall street of natural seletion?
Hakan Karaağaç True! Hahahahaha. They surely are the Wall Street of natural selection.
Orchid: *tricks wasp
wasp: "WTF"
Orchid: "It's free real estate"
I never realized what jerks orchids were but my future mother-in-law loves them so I've learned about them recently. Thanks for helping me @MinuteEarth!
But damn if they're not delicious in a soup.
+The Hoax Hotel Some are poisonous, but some are vanilla~ Hmm icecream.
Is it not good that orchids are going down
they basically are the grinch but be doesn’t learn anything about what he does
Ever heard of Kidz?
We lost him
thats the ONLY good thing about them jeez I HATE THEM SO MUCH
Nice plants finish last
So the lesson if this video: cheaters prosper...
+Homeward Bound Surprisingly accurate when you think about it...
I love orchids, never been able to keep one alive in my house but they are awesome !
Fun fact, the bee that the orchid on the right at 0:57 (and at 3:12) is imitating went extinct quite a while ago. The orchid is the only reason we know what it looked like, as it went extinct before photography.
Who would've known orchids are like my ex?
"I saw these and thought about you."
They t bagged you?
Love the extras in the description box! Thank you everyone who works hard to produce these videos! They're great, so keep up the great work! :D
Damn Orchids, taking our jobs, stealing our food, enslaving our kids!
Regards
Goomba
Nice
i like her voice
A prime example that looks can be deceiving.
0:50 i dont understand that part???
Lol
You're a mean on... Mr. Orchid...
One*
you're channel is so educational, I'm actually allowed to watch it and I actually enjoy it as a student.
Thanks for the video.
+Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky i agree
Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky amuyttku, Lo o
Lokmomokmjoiooloioiiimjionjhjn ,jnknmjb kioljjouhr f dbfuknngh lhjkh. Yh
Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky ok
That's all you have to say!
"fun-jai"
"FUN-JAI?!"
IT'S A HARD G GOD DAMN IT.
Actually they're pronouncing it correctly
Hey man, you have issues if that's the only thing you got from the video.
+gainpro that literally means nothing on justification.
+GoatsInTrees It looks as though you're right. I checked. But I have to admit I'm shocked. Why the hell would anyone pronounce it differently from 'fungus' (in which only a hard 'g' is allowed, apparently)? Totally baffling. It's Latin, and the original plural form would have had a hard 'g'. So somebody at some point changed it for some stupid arbitrary reason. I wish people wouldn't do that! I sometimes wish I hadn't learned Latin at school, then I wouldn't have to cringe at what other people find to be normal :-P
gainpro You're using grammar and accent to justify yourself. Yet as an American living in Texas, I know that this is not the case and is just a mainstream mispronunciation. It doesn't matter where you're from and I never said I am from the UK. Everyone pronounces it wrong, even myself sometimes.
I decided to search my name up ' Orchid ' to see what comes up. Now im *wheezing* 😂😂
F
Despite all this... I still love orchids.
So I guess its universal that assholes will always be saved by good people trough trickery
0:50 i dont understand that part???
+ANIMAL RANK LIST Stop it, child.
hey who you?
Since the behind the scenes vid, I have a great appreciation for this animation. Great job ppl, writing and animating!
I wonder does the diversity of the orchid family have anything to do with some specific quirk of the rate of their genetic mutations? How do they achieve so such a diverse gene pool in such a (relatively) short amount of time?
Genetic mutations aren't the only way to evolve
Since orchids often prefer to live by themselves and scatter, they are thrown into different hostilities
Cuz of dat, orchids become new species which spread widely, and the cycle continues
And I haven't mentioned how there were 11 supercontinents they can spread quickly
Mutations aren’t the only variable on how fast things evolve. Being put into environments with lots of pressure will cause a faster evolution
insects are fast
thats how God created them
Dear commenters; they're actually in fact correct on the pronunciation of fungi.
+GoatsInTrees Not so much correct as not wrong. Fungi with a hard g is just as valid.
ProfessorEGadd It's just mainstream, but it's not the proper pronunciation.
But if they don't pronounce it with a hard "g" sound, then that joke about he mushroom walking into a bar doesn't work
I refuse to live in a world where that joke doesn't exist
+GoatsInTrees What exactly invalidates the hard 'g' form as a 'proper pronunciation'?
GoatsInTrees
Like generalthl I would like to know what you think makes it 'proper', what you mean by 'proper' and why that is relevant.
Apparently, this is also the traits of human.
+Do not go gentle into that good night. Rage, rage against the dying of the light. Nah, humans are generally nice. The bad ones are out-LIARS really.
+MrRolnicek nah humans are natural assholes
MrRolnicek Nice to each other but not so nice to the world.
Love the name.
Old age should burn and rave at close of day.
Thanks for making these videos! They're amazing! I just found your channel(s) 2 days ago, and since then, i've been watching your videos soooo much ;D
Thanks again,
+Nightlibra - Minecraft and More Thank you for watching!
+MinuteEarth
Great video, amazing explanation... But there is one problem.
Why do you keep pronouncing "Fungi" "FunJi?"
+Geometry Dash Jake That's a valid pronunciation of Fungi; Fun-guy and Fun-gee are also valid.
1:09 to 1:15 = Flower rape.
Ubiquitous
when I went on a two day school trip to a camp, there was a scavenger hunt for plants and wildlife. I was searching for a flower with my group when we found a patch of 6 beautiful orchids! I picked one and when we took our findings to the camp councilor, he told me that it was a lady slipper orchid and that it was very endangered in Canada.
Oooh cool
Hello MinuteEarth! I LOVE your videos. And I know your team is spread out across the world. So I'm not demanding when I say, I would really like to see a video about Sarracenia and THEIR advanced flowers and general carnivory about their pitchers.
Hope you guys have a good day!
always thought it was a fun guy
But now it's a fun jee :/
it's pronounced FUN GUY!
megamcee fungi
Plants vs zombies heroes also say that
U mean fungi
Wow! Great video! Thanks so much! I worked with orchids and this is perfect to show why orchids are interesting from an ecological research perspective :)
i love this vid. it actually showed a lesson how the world values beauty over purpose or value
What a wonderful video to explain to novices and kids about orchids, their habitat and growing mechanism.
Please think about providing more information as you are able.
I have just gotten into raising orchids, and would be interested in any presentations you may be putting on in S.Callifornia.
Best
Glenda
I personally think orchids are scary looking.
Me too. I don't like them
A little.
Wait how are they scary?
"... that lie, cheat, steal and... oooh, that one's pretty!"
one could argue they also have a survival strategy in making us love them and want to grow and protect them.
The fact that some plants can manipulate more efficiently than people is insane.
"Mommy i want to be an orchid when i grow up."
And you thought your ex wife was bad
Julie P. Ooh! thats a good one right there.
My favorite is one that evolved to mimic one specific bee, or wasp (I can't remember) for optimal polination. The only thing is that the specific Hymenoptera that it evolved to mimic has gone extinct.
I love how we mostly focus on saving species that actually don't have much importance, yet we give almost no attention to species such as the eastern cougar, which is likely already extinct
Nerf Orchid Malevolence in next earth patch, and don't forget to buff up Storm Spirit!
evolution made the first sex doll.
Nathan Van Pelt ha
I live in Ecuador and here there are many beautiful orchids
Her last line is so sweet.
Me: keeps starting at the orchids on my piano
0:59 hi mr smiling bee
All these were facts I didn't know of my favorite flowers. Thanks!!
Damn Orchids! laying about on social benefits, stealing my beer and playing loud music when I have to work the next day!
Lying, cheating and stealing? Orchids must be the Eddie Guerrero of plants.
it's a cold world without Latino heat.
Shit MinuteEarth, thats some damn good rare content right there.
*bows*
Congratulations, im the curator of the Quito Botanical Garden and one of the creators of Dracula Reserve with Ecominga Foundation, i will use this awesome video, thanks for producing such a marvelous thing!!!
Excelente vídeo, gracias por el magnifico trabajo
2:59 because the last rabbit-proof fences worked so well?
only all of australia suffered
Maybe they upgraded them.
Orchids: the creepy dudes who hang out in parking lots of the plant kingdom.
+pereiramariana35 so orchids are drug dealers?
Captain Usopp
think more japanese host
I thought they're like the fellows in the parliaments or congress
Orchids are actually my favorite flowers because they are beautiful and there's many different kinds of them, now cos of this video I like them even more
Loved this video! Thanks guys!
how come there aren't any comments that talk about how informative this video is?
because everyone is trying to insult they're most hated foes by calling them gorgeous flowers... wait a sec...
lol
+McPokeman if you come to youtube comments expecting friendly people having a productive discussion and grateful they have been educated, you will be disappointed.
+McPokeman Man, this video was so informative about orchids. I had not known many of those facts prior to viewing this. It revealed valuable information I will quickly forget, because I am not a flower biologist. Nevertheless, they're still pretty flowers.
+McPokeman
Very informative video. So glad it was made and I got to see it.
Fuck you.
It shows they are intelligent. Orchids are some of the physically frailest plants. So They adapt on special ways! Just like humans! We are frail physically unlike most animals so we've done the same thing! Orchids are not bad in any way. They actually much gentler and kinder than most plants. They don't outcompete or kill other plants and even the animals they trick don't die (they at the worst get confused). They aren't even toxic for the most part! They are some of the gentlest and most diverse plants. Even the parisituc orchids aren't doing it by choice, they are to specialized to survive any other way. If you want a cheating lying greedy species. Look at the genocidal bastards who burned them alive so they could sew up the market!!!
Orchids and you people are Awesome!
great video... i am touched...very moving
So...should I burn my mother's lying, cheating, and stealing orchids or not?
BURN THE ORCHIDS
I mean they aren’t stealing because there is no other plants to steal from, so your mothers plants are technically in a plant jail for stealing
lol are they cheaters or are they simply just smarter
Smarter?
Yes they are smarter. But what comes around goes around. Which in this case the threat of their own extinction.
Plants can think and feel like animals and humans. Their main roots are their brains. They transmit the same electrical signals tha animals rains do. Think of them as an upside down animal. Their secondary roots are like neurons with feeding parts. Humanity had lied to itself to set up the economy to control all life any the result is ignorance and grnocide of hundreds of trillions of innocent sentients!!! If you think I'm lying look up plant intelligence or root brain theory.
Zachary Kenniston That sounds kinda terrible. Killing and torturing billions of sentient plant life. But a person's gotta eat and travel somehow... plants are always gonna get messed up because they are on the ground.
they are smarter
I like the way the word "Mooching" sounds
This is the most badass flower ever!
So Orchids are just like the late great Eddie Guerrero.
+Batista Jericho "We lie, we cheat, we steal" I'm surprised you are the only one in the comments to think of that!
+Batista Jericho FINALLY! An Eddie Guerrero refrence
I was searching for this 😂
fun...jai? I mean, it's valid according to wikipedia, but I've never heard anyone else say it that way.
I think it's a regional thing
could you do a video about fungi? and give a brief explanation why they are important? thanks more making these videos. supporting all of you!!
i still love my orchids, thank you very much :)
What if Orchids are the plant equivalent of us?
Ranga Rolls Cause they are
They are…
We are the Orchids
Can we get a jif of some funji feeding Orchid seeds?
I thought I was the only one.
i love how Emily is just like, "And... ooooooh that one's pretty."
your a mean one, Mr. Grobya
Fun-Jai? Are we sure?
Call me strange, but I find flowers to be somewhat creepy...
I love orchids, and have two, a miniature one on my bedroom windowsill, and a normal one on my kitchen windowsill.
I have a new found respect for these flowers
Eddie Guerrero learned from the best XD
3:10
This sounds soo much like humans...
one of the best channels on youtube, yet so little subscribers and views compared to other channels with zero intellectual content, humanity is doomed
They have bamboozled for us too with their pretty colors
At :40, did she yawn?
Jung Hoseoks’ Thighs 0:40
Now I know what flowers I'll give to my ex
In my island we have some very rare orchids , some are in cages with a sign "dont cut" in 3 languages , i saw 2 random adults just going inside and they destroyed the plants :(
“Ooooh…. That one’s pretty!”
Ma’am, that flower looks like an evil, screaming, bug