“ ATOM SMASHING & DISCOVERY OF THE NEUTRON ” ATOMIC PHYSICS EINSTEIN RUTHERFORD CAVENDISH XD95634
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This black and white educational film from the United Kingdom is part four of a five part series entitled “Atomic Physics - An Historical Approach” from 1947. Animations and recreations are used to describe early atomic breakthroughs such as the discovery of the neutron in 1930 and Einstein’s theory of relativity, with Einstein himself making an appearance. Written, directed and narrated by Derek Mayne. Animation sequences made by Gaumont-British Animation Ltd. Produced by Gaumont-British Instructional Ltd.
Atomic theory is a scientific description of the nature of atoms and matter that combines elements of physics, chemistry, and mathematics. According to modern theory, matter is made of tiny particles called atoms, which are in turn made up of subatomic particles. Atoms of a given element are identical in many respects and different from atoms of other elements. Atoms combine in fixed proportions with other atoms to form molecules and compounds. In 1919, Lord Ernest Rutherford discovered the proton, a positively charged particle within the atom's nucleus. Rutherford also put out the idea that there could be a particle with mass but no charge. He and William Harkins called it a "neutron", and imagined it as a paired proton and electron. In 1932, the physicist James Chadwick conducted an experiment which led to the discovery of this "neutron". Chadwick bombarded Beryllium with alpha particles from the natural radioactive decay of Polonium. The resulting radiation showed high penetration through a lead shield, which could not be explained via the particles known at that time.
00:06 TITLE CARD 00:14 Scientists use apparatus containing a needle to detect alpha particles 00:43 Animation of experiment 00:55 Lord Ernest Rutherford speaks about experiments 01:12 Improved apparatus, animation of experiment 02:20 Geiger counter explained and demonstrated, oscilloscope shown 03:53 Mass spectrograph explained and demonstrated 04:55 Animation of atomic weights of elements 05:08 Atomic weight of chlorine (Cl) discussed in detail, isotopes discussed 05:43 Scientists conduct experiments 06:06 Discovery of the neutron using polonium and beryllium in 1930, animation 07:23 Billiard balls, rice grains used to demonstrate experiment 07:56 Animations continue 09:09 Animation explaining isotopes in chlorine 10:23 Lord Rutherford speaks about experiments 11:05 High speed particle machines used for experiments at Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge 12:27 Observation cabinet and accelerator tube at the Science Museum at South Kensington, animation 13:40 Newspaper headlines reporting splitting of atom 14:12 Albert Einstein describes the theory of relativity 15:13 Animation depicting theory of relativity using lithium (Li), hydrogen (H), and helium (He) 19:08 Terrestrial globe with raised reliefs 19:29 Scientists conduct experiment using a synchrotron 20:05 Linear electron accelerator 20:28 Electrostatic generator, Van de Graaff generator 21:10 Million and two million volt generators at the Cavendish Laboratory 21:21 END
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This is the first time I've seen Rutherford speaking about his work- very cool! Also, it's neat to see the actual apparatus used in these studies!
Cool ? The Cover UP Of Health Problems Was In The Fix$$$$$$$$$$ THEN Too
I'm tempted to say "see the Mechanical Universe - episode about the atom"
Are you as hot as your pic lol, one smart cookie nil.?
*ngl
I don't know what you're talking about
Back in the day when they gave scientific presentations to adults.
Fluoride in the water By LAW took care of that.... fluoride is the negative element causing heavy metals to be deposited in the brain dementia and Alzheimer's Oh & IQ
@@FixItStupid ?
@@FixItStupid Post everything you have to the NIH now!
Back in the day when adults had attention spans longer than a 10 second sound bite.
They don't want the peasants to have knowledge anymore, they slowly stopped teaching us back in the late 50s and gave us distractions instead known as pointless entertainment, pop culture and drugs. Because knowledge is power and power is dangerous
I'm from New Zealand, and grew up learning about Rutherford and his achievements. This is the first time I've ever heard or seen him speak, and hearing our accent in his voice is a real reminder to me that he wasn't some Northern European genius - he was one of us. Intensely fascinating 😎
I find it interesting that two elements of lower atomic weight 43 Technetium and 61 Promethium - have no naturally occurring stable isotopes.
My grand-aunt died last year at the age of 98. She was born before the discovery of the neutron.
My great-grandfather was born in 1883, the year Krakatoa exploded and died in 1971 when I was 5. He saw everything from the telephone, car, airplane, to the moon landing within his lifetime.
what about funny mustache man
moon landing.... lol
@@meseretgglove8093 Yes, moon landings (plural) - there were 6 manned landings as evidenced by the rock samples and the monitored radio transmissions clearly coming from the Moon.
@@karhukivi rock samples as evidence lol well done mate
@@meseretgglove8093 Rocks that have unusual compositions that do not occur on this planet and cannot be manufactured. Samples were sent to many geochemical labs around the world and a fake would have been easily spotted. So where did they come from then?
Understand this and you know more about partical physics than 99% of the population. Good stuff.
Wow, imagine that, they actually did an excellent job in animating for those days. They were ahead of their time for sure.....incredible. In school, I never remembered anything ever presented like this. Too bad our teachers and profs didn't expose us to this kind of presentation.
Nearly a century later these accomplishments still astound.
Fascinating! This is a good primer on what eventually became nuclear power & nuclear bombs.
That Became Nuclear Wast That Kills ALL No Not Smart people that told The truth were Run off the campus Lost their professorship lost their tenure
Fascinating indeed!
I enjoyed this. Clear and concise.
I was familiar with Rutherford but this is a unique insight. How the Geiger counter works is also fascinating.
this is why i subscribe and patreon..what an unusual view of the roll out to the public in 1947
Learning science and history
Oh So True BUT NOT THE TRUTH Nuclear Lie's Come Due
@@FixItStupid lol
Incredible film footage of Prof. Albert Einstein himself, explaining, in part, his Theory of Relativity.
not his theory of relativity.
Great film. Those guys would be in awe of the LHC.
now I know how hard is to build a nuclear device (atom bomb). *Thank You Science Heroes*
at 7:00 When screens of paraffin wax containing Hydrogen were used, a heavy increase in radiation was observed.
Universities back when women empowerment and gender/transgender studies weren't part of the curriculum.
Universities back when they actually taught stuff.
WOW!! Awesome documentary!!
Oh cool... actual footage of Albert Einstein discussing the equivalency principle. He was a cool dude.
Albert Einstein a cool dude 🤔 He married his First Cousin 🤦
Ah yes, nothing says its gonna be a good day quite like some good ol' atom smashin'
All nuclear power leaks radioactive isotopes for the cancer lottery....... Don't even pretend to be smart...... All nuclear waste is water-soluble .... Nuclear lies Come DUE
@@FixItStupid I'm sorry man, but I'll take nuclear over fossil fuels any day. Nuclear power is safe IF you handle it Correctly.
Science is awesome.
Good film.
Thanks so much
8:14 interesting, never thought of it that way before. neutrons are the only subatomic particle capable of reaching the nucleus, causing instability.
Not quite correct! High-energy protons can also reach the nucleus as in the classic Cockcroft-Walton experiment. Here is a video of Ernest Walton's son talking about his father's experiment/
@@karhukivi thanks
I like that it was the technology of the day, and very little magical theory.
Waaaay too many ads. Especially as we also have the brand and time plastered across the screen. Unacceptable
You, turn out those pockets! Atoms! One, two, three, four ... SIX of them! Take him away!
In the atomic bomb explosion which destroyed Hiroshima, about seven-tenths of a gram of matter was converted to energy. The amount of material needed to create the reaction was far, far greater but only a tiny fraction of mass was lost.
The amount of mass consumed is about the size of Lincoln's nose cut from a penny.
That's insane
Thanks!
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These atomic labs from back when could easily pass for sets in sci-fi B-flicks from the same time.period...no tesla action tho, gotta have that upward electric arc!
It's remarkable just how crude the instrumentation and other equipment was at that time when you compare it to something like CERN today. I suppose our resolution of understanding it coupled to the sophistication of our technology (or is it the other way around?). Also, it's just a little unsettling to think about the significant amount of radiation that was being flung around before they really had a good grasp on dosimetry and the biological effects.
By 1910 they were treating cancer with radiation from radium and radon. Marie Curie already knew radiation could burn tissue in 1898, so not exactly "flinging stuff around".
@@karhukivi I think compared to modern standards they were relatively cavalier with most of the exposure they were getting in 1930's. It's wasn't really until after WWII that they knew the real biologic effects were.
@@sdhlkfhalkjgd If you visit the Marie Curie museum in Paris you will see it was called the "Radium Institute" and the main work there was treating cancerous tumors and that was in 1900-1910. The radium girls poisoning happened in the 1920s. The effects of neutron radiation were not known until the Manhattan project and WWII as you say, but the biological effects and dangers of alpha, beta and gamma radiation were certainly known before then.
Will there be an upload of the full series?
There was no mention of the Strong force that I remember. Electric charge was defined and believed to be understood for 100 years before all of this nucleus discovery began. The Strong force was INVENTED to maintain that 100 year old concept of charge. If charge changes when crammed into a nucleus at nuclear energies, we will never know. A responsible thinker would explore this possibility, but all we have now is conclusions that are no more than FOUNDING ASSUMPTIONS, and if they are wrong, it's a long way back. AND, for every charge issue, there is ALSO a mass issue. Curious right? The method is: Establish constants and refuse to second-guess them. Make up new things to fix it instead. Don't run to math, because math can be analogous,,, perfectly analogous, and I can prove this to you, just ask.
The device is called a 'spinthrascope'...
Spinthariscope, and you can still buy them today.
12:49 sitting at the end of the beam pipe? No thanks.
i was watching how a fridge works
The Great Pyramid is a piezoelectric power generator, Hydrogen / Oxygen fueled, internal combustion. The queen's chamber held water and liberated fuel through electrolysis, contained a heat source in the Niche and the "air shafts " are conductors. The king's chamber is made of piezoelectric material and the "sarcophagus " contained the igniter.
They have found papyrus to the contrary. It was most likely a centerpiece of a worldwide chain of monuments (there is a line of monuments including easter island that is formed around the world in a straight line that intersects the great pyramid) that for whatever reason, a pharoah commandeered to use as his burial because why not, it's the center of the freaking world, literally.
@@BigDaddy-yp4mi Thank you Big Daddy. The piezoelectric / electrochemical hypothesis arises from the appearance of wear and tear evidence present on key features of the Great Pyramid including: The queens chamber was documented as being found encrusted with some type of salt deposits. Substantial erosion of the limestone "Great Step ". The appearance of a thermal signature in the king's chamber's ante chamber. The appearance of severe erosion on the "sarcophagus ".
Shortly thereafter, the Neutron Dance was created.
21:12 Not sure if a {HG} Wellsian World would be a good thing.
……….🌞………
And Now... Its A Nuclear END, Any Time.... One Way Or The Other ...& Thats Of The Law's OF Math
What?
Troll
One could only hope that this planet just vaporizes. Pray for it. Learn to stop worrying and love the bomb.