Burning Iron in Liquid Oxygen - Periodic Table of Videos
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- čas přidán 10. 07. 2016
- Burning iron is dropped into liquid oxygen.
Raw footage (reactions 1-4): • Iron and Liquid Oxygen...
Raw footage (reactions 5-8): • Iron and Liquid Oxygen...
Reactions by Neil Barnes. Discussion by Professor Martyn Poliakoff.
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Neil: Oh, my favorite box. It's burning. K
Neil's always pretty chill.
All the lab technicians I've met are like that. I guess it is a prerequisite "must keep cool when chemical apocalypse ensues".
Lab technicians must keep cool when:
"chemical apocalypse ensues"
"sentimental object is destroyed in said apocalypse"
"something that does not set fire easily sets fire, destroying said sentimental object"
"a friend sets fire when dealing with said destruction of said sentimental object when said chemical apocalypse ensues"
"the lab sets fire because of a friend setting fire when dealing with said destruction of said sentimental object when said chemical apocalypse ensues"
"everyone gets set on fire because the lab sets fire because of a friend setting fire when dealing with said destruction of said sentimental object when said chemical apocalypse ensues"
"the world is destroyed when everyone gets set on fire because the lab sets fire because of a friend setting fire when dealing with said destruction of said sentimental object when said chemical apocalypse ensues"
As chill as liquid Oxygen.
A moment of silence for Neil's plastic box. It will be missed.
2009 - 2016, rip
tis sad.
Now excuse me while I find another pidgy.
at first harambe now neil's plastic box....i cant bear this year anymore
A moment of science
The one dislike is from Neil being angry about his burnt box.
Neil is less reactive than helium.
That's the most beautiful thing I've heard all week.
Poor Neil xD
nosirrbro poor neil :c rip his box
@@maxximumb Neilon or Neilium is less reactive than Helium!
I find the premise of Neil's favorite plastic box combusting very funny for some reason.
I am beginning to doubt that all of these lab furnishings are really specifically his favorite things
+Get Milked heard that in the Professor's voice.
0:49 "Neil's favorite cauldron..."
William Gracia
See this is what I mean.
They may be his favorite in a laboratory environment. They may be the best for most of his experimental purposes in chemistry. Why be such a killjoy?
I wouldn't call it a failure. More like getting answers for questions you didn't ask.
That's an optimistic way of looking at it.
You really are a "glass is half full" sort of a person aren't you. I wish more people would follow your example.
well thats how scientist define failure
Hi Max Headroom. Give me back CBS, please?
Very optimistic while hijacking American TV xP
You should do a video about how Neil's nerves of steel are inert to all outside stimuli.
He is less reactive than helium.
That's an easy one to construct an experiment around. Just get him to make up some azidoazide azide! Sure to make any lab tech become very excited.
This reminds me of a description I read of Chlorine Trifluoride, in which it was stressed that it was VERY reactive with concrete, metal, and lab technicians.
So put him in a box containing pure oxygen, and then insult him? (In the scientific sense of the word)
Does scientifically insulting him mean to expose him to insanely high levels of salt? Better start with the non-toxic salts first or the experiment will end quickly.
When it's in the cauldron, it almost looks like the surface of the sun. The reflections look kind of like plasma following magnetic field lines. Very cool!
No doubt it will be freebooted by buzzfeed or someone
yep
Scientists threw lava into liquid nitrogen. You won't believe what happens next!
+Blackadder125 SHUT UP BUZZFEED!!! We do science here, not intriguing titles.
"intriguing titles" - they are called clickbait titles
Doc compared his hair to iron wool XD
the experiment didn't go as you'd hoped, but I wouldn't call it a failure. you were able to see that, in an oxygen rich environment, silicon burns well. also you saw that a flame is able to be sustained and increased in an oxygen rich environment to the point of melting glass and nearly melting that cauldron, even if the surrounding area is supercooled. that is interesting data in my book, and it might be useful.
Simple home brew solution.
Coat the beaker in shaving cream, allow it to dry, then rub clear.
This will provide a coating that will resist water vapor condensation from sticking and freezing on the side of the glass...........
Now repeat your experiment.
This will give you a bit of time without the frost on the glass in order to see what is happening at the point of the reaction.
Great fun video....
Would love to see a follow up!
Shave cream doesn't prevent condensation, it's a detergent, so it prevents condensation from forming in droplets, but the condensation is still there. So now, instead of the beaker being covered in millions of itty bitty ice flakes, it's covered in a great big ice sheet.
wehich might be clear enough to see through.
just the first layer of ice will be clear, the other ones will form tiny droplets of ice :/
I legitimately thought the thumbnail was an image of the surface of the sun for a second.
What you call a cauldron is just Neil's cereal bowl. Brady caught him making breakfast and decided to film it.
That's a great message at the end: ''When you are doing Science, not every experiment works and you can still enjoy experiments that fail'' Worth remembering!
I appreciate that you're releasing video and talking about a "failed" experiment with all the talk of the peer review system going abut and how only successful experiment studies get published. Keep up the good work!
Neil with a fire extinguisher... I've never seen him so happy.
RIP Neils Box
you will be always remembered
"Be there or be square"-Neils Box 2016
Actually, the box is square. Well, technically cubic, but 3D version of course inherits the 2D version in a natural way ;)
attach wires to the iron, submerge it in liquid oxygen and then run a current through it?
Voltage isn't important here, current is. You can easily light steel wool with a 1.5 volt battery, I've done so dozens of times. 9 volts are only used because the terminals are close together on the same side. A difference of 3 volts is nothing, but with the extra current output of a car battery, you would probably explode the steel wool instantly before it has a chance to burn.
no no no no, +ssjelf , batteries have and internal resistance. so an car battery has the potential of delevering an higher current.
I=V/(r_in+r_out), the internal resistance is very low, but when you are playing with what is a short, it is the internal resistance that has the bigger role.
an electrical socket has wire resistance, if you plug a multimeter in next to a toaster you can see the voltage drop when you turn it on.
yes, if we are only talking about one fibre.
but is we are talking a steel wool like we see them use, and a good connection, 10 by 10 fibres is still less then 0.5mm^2 , but would lower the resistance to 0.021 ohm,
in that case the 0.1ohms for the 9v, meaning that over 80% of the power would end up as heat in the battery and less the 20% would go to the wool, and the voltage drop to 17% or just over 1.5v.
the car battery would have over 95% going to the wool.
So 9v vs. car becomes 20% vs. 95%.
now to be fair, the real number of fibres is likely in between 1 and 100.
also thanks for the good comeback
as soon as it touches the oxygen it would burn up
You could silicone the feed wires and feed tubes, evacuate the chamber(or a medium quantity of silica drying stuff) then pump in your liquid oxygen(or pour, such as a sep funnel) to keep the moisture away
Experiments never fails but it can have a result you didn’t expect. It was great to watch!
Failed experiments are the heart of science, when the experiment in the end poses more questions than the original concept you are doing it right. Knowing that something does not work is a result that is at as least if not more important than something going as expected.
Remember, we learn more from failure then we do from success. A great video.
The clip from 2:03 to 2:50 is quite beautiful. Great work, Brady and Neil!
I'm sorry you lost your box Neil. That is really unfortunate but I, and I'm sure many of the audience, appreciate the sacrifice in the name of science and I think you're terrific person for volunteering it to begin with.
Thank you Neil.
Cool to see the Professor still learning.
You did it again! Fantastic video.
That _"Like my hair"_ remark again, haha. Love it.
Martyn should get one of those Halloween/party spray-on hair dyes that is a silvery gray and spray his hair to look like *iron wool!* ;)
Nah, then again. I love the actual colour of it. It's so fantastic.
im ready to pay the big bucks to hang out with this man
Enroll at Nottingham University then.
*enrol
*Enrol (punctuation counts)
*counts.
(Full stops matter.)
thank you for this great video. it was brilliant, literally. and very educational as well. thought provoking and inspirational. thanks for making looking chemistry and physics great as they are.
Wow, super interesting video. You guys are inspirational!
Sometimes failures bring new fortunes from the ashes. It's all about trying and recording what you are doing and learning from it. This is what makes science in it's rawest form so powerful. Document, record and keep records of everything including the failures.
"Sometimes Brady and Neil do experiments..."
I hope they had adult supervision!
You have provided me with the best view I've ever had of liquid oxygen's amazing color by filling the beaker with it. A mere test tube of it doesn't provide enough volume to truly show the pale sky blue color. For that reason alone this is one of my favorite vids!
I couldn't stop pausing the video. The rippling red glow reflected on the surface looks amazing. Liquid oxygen is slightly blue, which makes it almost look like a sunset over the ocean.
This is actually what I wanted ;)
Thanks for sharing!!
very interesting experiment, good job!
Awesome as always!
Can't stop listening to this fellow, so relaxing and interesting
Redo the experiment but record in both near-infrared and near-ultraviolet.
You'll probably get a better view.
well, infrared wont be very useful with the glass and liquid oxygen. And what do you expect to see in UV?
Oh yes! Would love to see that!
You might get something interesting out of it if you play with the sensitivity
I love the cauldron videos, especially where it's swirling in the image. So pretty.
just wanted to say I love all the videos: sixty symbols and periodic table. i especially love the profs ties
"Break Neil's Stuff" is the summer blockbuster I've been waiting for.
The secret to good science... designing your experiments so that even if it fails, you learn something.
Very beautiful! I love all of Brady's videos, and the wonderful scientists and mathematicians who help us understand and appreciate nature.
Could you place a beaker down on the bottom of the Neil box and use silicone to seal the outer edges to the box. Then you may be able to look under the box with a dehumidifier to see the reaction from bellow. Keep up the great work guys!
I did enjoy the 'parker square' of an experiment.
professor Julius Sumner Miller always said something like "the experiment didn't fail. we failed to meet the requirements for a successful experiment."
So I would say your experiment didn't fail. There was just something that wasn't quite right in your experiment to get the result you wanted. The experiment succeeded. You got a result. It's just not the result you wanted.
To avoid frost, maybe you could just put a tube between the side of the beaker and the camera lens, and fill it with dry nitrogen or similar
+JakesDen Gaming why not?
Make a video about touch powder!
way cool.......I dig this dude allot......& good photography there Brady
I think you could make a small camera mount that attaches to a beaker that you could partially fill with a desiccant and put in a low vacuum (or just one of the two). That'd give you a clear window to the liquid. Maybe put a filter over the lens to block some of the light so you can see what's going on around the metal.
Chemistry has Neil's box. Turn to Sixty Symbols for Neils Bohr.
You can learn as much from a failure as you can from a success -- oftentimes even more.
Love it!!!! Thank you so much!
So many comments about Neil box, and almost no comments about experiment.
Dear Professor, as you can observe this reaction produces quite bright flash.
That flash contain quite few high frequency waves, ( starting with sound waves, RF, infra red, visible light, ultra violet and possibly even higher frequencies)
Why I mention this?
That is energy created by oxidation, and thanks to its high velocity does not couple( interact) that much with surrounding liquid oxygen.
Excuse my poor English language skills and I hope that you understood what I wanted to point out to you.
I'm always fascinated that you can take a chemical reaction as seemingly simply as throwing some steel wool into some nitrogen and there's a great amount of uncertainty and guesswork about what exactly happened and what the chemical reaction was.
Oxygen. If you threw burning steel into nitrogen, it would just get put out and that'd be boring as hell.
Absolutely stunning!
You can obtain the thermal glasses in some grocery stores rather cheaply. Aldi's thermal coffee glasses from their expressi range comes to mind. 4 glasses for about $15Aus.
It's beautiful. Thanks
My idea on this is, the iron is not protected by the Liedenfrost effect, but is kept molten due to the extremely fast oxidation of the iron. As you said, oxidation produces heat. The burning iron is dropped into a pure oxygen environment so the reaction is quite violent as the iron is rapidly transformed into iron oxides.
I would say it's similar to how an oxy-acetylene cutting torch works. When you cut the steel, it's first heated by the flame until critical temp is reached. Then, an excess of oxygen is introduced causing an exothermic reaction as the iron in the steel rapidly oxidates, thereby cutting through the material.
Yes! I've been eager for another. :3
When you get around to designing the new experiment, would love to see a behind the scenes vid of the process.
Fantastic Video :D
Thank you!
Back in school one of my teachers told me if you dont fail ever so often maybe you aren't reaching far enough
6:15 When I saw him stick that fire extinguisher in there, I was thinking, "Oh this is going to be bad." Fortunately he's not an idiot.
Could you use a super long exposure camera footage of the reaction with the same footage taken by a regular camera overlayed? Sort of like when you put a pice of paper with writing on top of another with writing and light shining through reveals both.
I love this. The reflections of burning filaments of the wool make the whole thing look like the corona of the Sun. Beautiful.
0:38 I though Neil was gonna eat the iron wool. 😂
Brady to Neil: We've ruined your favourite box.
Neil (thinking): I wonder if Brady would burn in liquid oxygen...
I love the tie that sir Porfessor Martyns Poliakoffs tie
Great reaction! :)
Chemistry is awesome!
Guys, those beads that pile up in the bottom of the reaction chamber are not metallic iron, they are iron oxide (the product of burning iron and oxygen.) Not all iron oxide looks like the stereotypical rust. Iron oxide can have a metallic appearance and be attracted to a magnet. Just look at hematite and magnetite, both oxides of iron, both capable of taking a metallic sheen and being attracted to a magnet.
This is easy enough to test. Take one of those beads, pop it in an SEM with EDX and check the ratio of oxygen to iron. I'm sure the University of Nottingham has an SEM with the appropriate detector. Alternatively, you could powder one of the beads and do x-ray diffraction. Alternatively, there is probably a wet chemical test that would differentiate iron metal from iron oxide. If all else fails, the mere fact that the beads shatter is a pretty good indicator that you are dealing with the oxide rather than metallic iron.
Maybe you could use a magnetic stirrer beneath the beaker. Perhaps it would reduce melt through potential and maybe enable critical deductions concerning bubbles. I'm also thinking high speed vacuum through the box to remove some offending atmosphere. Nice work, keep it up.
I really dislike that you call this a failure. You failed to find the answer you're looking for, but you learned several things and those things will be useful in the future.
You learned that silicone burns in an oxygen-rich environment, and now you know for cerrtain that a transparent dewar flask would be a very bad choice for this experiment since it would likely break as the regular flask did.
7:53 the message is that neil called and want his favorite box back
my guess is your right about the vapour pocket. like when you drop beads of water in a hot skillet and they stay beaded riding on a cushion of water vapor.
The thing I think you're forgetting is that once you pour the liquid oxygen into the container, it immediately starts boiling off. When you drop in the burning iron wool, it hits that pure oxygen layer and begins oxidizing at a tremendous rate that releases a lot of heat. It then starts boiling off more liquid oxygen as it approaches the surface. The cycle continues even after the wool is submerged, however there is a point at which you get diminishing returns. You have small clumps of metal because the oxidation process as slowed significantly due to a majority of the wool having been consumed.
You should try the experiment again, however fill the container space with a heavier gas (as mentioned by Smorgie77) however I'd recommend a noble gas vs CO2 as the heat may split the CO2, causing a secondary reaction. Something on the level of Krypton or Xenon would be far better a gas, and it would eliminate the issues you're having with condensation if you were to vacuum out the container prior to adding the noble gas and LOX. That would take some interesting mechanical rigging to make work.
One Periodic Videos best videos.
Oh man, any welder could've told you: that should've been an argon bath. Argon is a nice dry invisible gas.
I honestly never would've guess silicone would burn in the presence of oxygen. I imagine I could've made a similar mistake in a future project. Very good to know.
This would be a great reaction to see clearly! Mirrors? In Helium gas( won't condense?)? Invest in some sacrificial transparent dewars? Really like previous commenter's idea about submerged ignition.
Could you do it in a closed box, which had been dehumidified? If it were me, I would try using a second beaker as "bait" for forming ice, until there was no moisture left in the air. Though there's probably a fancy machine for doing this already.
try the camera behind a welding mark lens is could give a better view
and get two beakers small and large have the small inside the large one
seal between them with silicone and put a vacuum in there
How about dehumidifying the air, using a bed of silica gel to maintain the low humidity, thick acrylic chamber (less thermal conductance) and carefully controlling the entry of LOX and then using a remote controlled ignition of the iron wool in situ?
Did you publish a follow up video with the actual explanation?
The silicon burning was very interesting too, thanks.
A cardboard box, Al foil, a cut out for the beaker and a low pressure N2 supply to it.
Use less iron, and a high speed camera.
You could use thermal cameras to see temperature changes of reactions.
It might give some ideas.
I just love how he talks about dangerous things in such a sarcastic way..hahaha...
This may be a dumb question, but would it be possible to surround the apparatus with a noble gas? Seems like that could avoid the issues of condensation and dangerous reactions outside of the apparatus.
here's a thought toward this experiment, try making some way of to allow your go-pro's to have lenses that darken enough to where the light isn't so blinging to the go-pro's like a lens that changes the to dark at the speed of light so that it can actually see what's going on. with now-a-days glass tech and tech in general, it should be possible to make a lens that may be able to see what exactly happens in such bright lights. just a thought. try this and maybe it can be done.
Could you place the beaker on a bed of dessicant crystals, e.g. silica gel or copper ii sulfate, in a lidded box. Leave for a while to get the water from the air, and then fill the beaker and drop the iron through the lid?
What if you used a cold trap to evacuate the air and let in another gas back through the cold trap, or had a several other beakers of a cold material (liquid nitrogen or otherwise) so that water will condense on those first? Or use a really heavy gas like sulphur hexafluoride to displace water vapor?
Why does it look like magnetic flux lines reflecting on the cauldron? Could you coat the beaker with something on the outside so that water doesn't condense on it that easily?
I think it would be interesting to figure out how to do this in a calorimeter. Measuring the heat generated by the exothermic reactions would give useful information about the what those reactions are. Of course it would be much less interesting to look at but I still think it would be informational. Building such a calorimeter would, however, be difficult I think. It would have to withstand not only change in temperature but also tremendous increase in gas pressure.
Even when it fails, it’s still beautiful.
Can you guys do some experiments with Capsaicin?
Steel wool isn't pure iron. There can be up to .9% carbon in it. Don't know how that would skew your experiment, but it may be useful info.
I don't know anything about chemistry and also am not learning it, but damn these videos are cool and interesting to watch.
Ask the Slow Mo Guys to try and get a decent view of what's going on !
God I love these videos! Keep it up Periodic Team! U R Awsome!
Use the method used in superconductor synthesis observation experiments in switzerland. Really good insulator cylinder (quartz glass) - like 10 cm or more to look inside the oxygen or nitrogen flask - which is wented to a side or to top - for droping in the wool. it is much easier than to battle wetting point in air. provides dirrect "optical tunnel" to the reaction, and if iron contaminates it - polish it off...
Nice video tho, thanks!
I have a question. What metals block radio waves and other types of radiation also they must be robust, safe and cheap to use. They also must not be very heavy.