Cell Cycle and Mitosis
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- čas přidán 5. 08. 2024
- The life of a cell is amazingly complex. Mitotic cell division requires precision and organization to ensure that both daughter cells receive EXACTLY the same genetic material. But how? This video explains the phases of the cell life cycle, the important structural features of chromosomes and a whole lot about microtubules which organize the whole affair. The end of the video briefly discusses how often cells divide and how they "know" when to divide - and what happens when they make mistakes.
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VIDEO DETAILS
The Cell Cycle and Mitosis
Cell Division is needed for:
Reproduction in single-celled organisms
Asexual growth in colonial organisms
Development in multicellular organisms from a fertilized egg
Cell replacement in multicellular organisms
Challenges of Cell Division
When one cell divides into two, the daughter cells must be IDENTICAL to the parent cell
DNA management is key
Each human cell (excluding eggs or sperm) holds DNA containing 6 billion base pairs with approximately 50,000 protein-encoding genes
That DNA, if stretched out, would be 6 feet in length
Chromatin vs. Chromosome
MISCONCEPTION ALERT
Replication of DNA does NOT occur during mitosis! It has to occur BEFORE mitosis begins!!!
This is Your (Cell's) LIFE
The Cell Cycle
Interphase: G1, S, G2
Cell Division: Mitosis, Cytokinesis
A Little More About Chromosomes: centromere, sister chromatids, kinetochore
Moving Chromosomes Around: centrosome (spindle poles), astral microtubules, kinetochore microtubules
The Cell Cycle
Prophase
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
Nucleolus disappears
Microtubule assembly begins
Prometaphase
Nuclear membrane breaks down
Kinetochore microtubules form and attach to kinetochores
Polar microtubules push against each other and push the centrosomes apart
Astral microtubules assemble to anchor the centrosomes at opposite poles
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate
Anaphase
Chromosomes break at the centromere into sister chromatids
Sister chromatids move toward opposite poles
Telophase
Chromatids (now called daughter chromosomes) begin to decondense into chromatin
Nuclear membranes begin to form around each set of daughter chromosomes
New cell wall begins to form (plants)
Cleavage furrow forms (animals)
Cleavage (why the fascination?)
Plants and Cell Wall Formation
How Often do Cells Divide?
When Things Go Wrong... Cancer
Thanks Simon - I'm SO glad to hear you have found my videos helpful. I took down the vlog because it made the site inappropriate for underage viewers (due to language in comment feed) and my status as an educational site with CZcamsEDU would be jeopardized - NOT worth it! Anyway it was a quick experiment and I learned a lot. :) Best of luck to you in your new adventure and stay in touch!
Wow, this presentation was simple and to the point. I really picked up a lot from this video. Ive been reviewing the cell cycle for two weeks and learned more in 20 mins. Thank you.
Exactly the same for me :) Very understandable and helpful
PPMAT
Prophase: chromatin condenses into chromosones
Prometaphase: centrosomes pushed apart
Metaphase: chromosones line up on a plane in the center
Anaphase: chromosones separate
telophase: cells divide
I have never seen a presentation this comprehensive, straight forward and clear
Awesome job explaining the processes. Very soothing voice as well😁
I learned more about this in a free 20 minute video than I did I did in an over-complicated, 1 hour lecture. Thank you!!!
You simplified the cell cycle that I've been battling with for so many months. Thank you very much. And you have a very soothing voice too!
Your voice is full of expression, great visual material as well!
I like the analogies that you use to explain! They help me remember certain things.
Very very helpful! I've been struggling in PreAp biology and this really caught me up! Thank you !
oh gosh you are always so helpful! Beautifully broken down thanks!
I like Simplified version of your presentations on uninteresting subject like this one. Especially your analogies are perfect.
Thank you.
Love the video! Created a worksheet for my students to fill in as they follow along. Thank you.
You explained it so well, I love the examples, I'll definitely be thinking about those during my exam.
I love your enthusiasm! Great job :)
Amazing! Straught to the point and easy to understand. Love from Malaysia
This was amazing! Super helpful! Thanks so much!!!
Thank you this video helped me a lot! Keep up the good work!
Thank you! This is very helpful right now since I'm having trouble with cells.
Thank you Very Much! very helpful video, and directly going to the point.
Your voice is so soothing, its so easy to keep up with what you say!!!!!
You are professional teacher. You know how you deliver the concept to student brains.thank you so much
Penguin Prof, you have explained mitosis and the cell cycle in 17 minutes better than my biology honors teach could in an hour. This video has helped me soooo much. If you wouldn't mind, I would love to stay in touch with you overtime as my biology class comes along. I think that with your help I could easily make an A
your video is incredible !!! This is my first comment ever on youtube and I pick yours video! Thank you !
I really enjoy watching your videos... they turn words in my Anatomy and Physiology textbook into images and more comprehensible terms. Your videos are really helping me with anatomy... for I am struggling to grasp the concept and apply it in terms to remember. You really are good at what you do and are helping me with these videos. I appreciate it greatly and wish more college professors taught like you
Thank you Penguin Prof! Our instructor recommends you and I really love your videos, they are very helpful!
WOW amazing video! I love that you put it in terms that are easily understood. Great job. I am off to check out your other videos.
Thank you this was so helpful!
Thank you a lot!!
this is the first video that make me understand the material..
Thank you so much your speed of teaching suits me just fine!! Appreciate this video in big terms!!!
Wonderful and simple explanation!
Thank you so much. I have a test on cell division, and watching your video made everything make sense.
+Type Writter I'm so happy to hear it! Good luck on the test!!!
Beautiful video, helped me a lot
Thank you:) Your video is amazing,you explain this hard topic in an understable and relaxing way
Amazing ideas..great job!
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Very helpful..!! Thnku for ths amazng vdo ..
This video is simply amazing! Thank you so much!
This is so good- I cannot believe it
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hey got a midterm tomorrow thank you ^_^ Now tomorrow should be easy !!!!
i wish my teacher was like you -_-
Thank you so much for posting this video. I found it really helpful and hope you'll keep making more! Thank you :)
+Aimee Jeman You are so welcome! I'm just getting started!!! Stay tuned. :)
thank u! helped with my revision alot !!
Thanks a lot!!!Your work really made a difference and I hope it will continue to do so. :)
Thank you very much :) you made it really easy 🌸
i totally just failed and test on this, i really wish i would have watched this video before the test you are an amazing teacher
I just started watching your videos (like... i started today...) and it helps a lot! I'm a medical student watching from Germany and i feel like now one told me before, that S-Phase is for SYNTHESIS - hell that's actually pretty easy to understand! Or maybe i failed listening to my professors... anyway: i got it now, thank you very much!
And penguins are my spirit animals, too! I can't tell why i didn't find you earlier...
Well I'm just happy you found me! Welcome to the penguin colony!!
i guess i already undersrtand about mitosis very well . Thx a lot !
Great video shared by my biology professor. Thanks for the extra help!!
+Nathan Jeffery Glad it helped! Thanks for watching!
Really helpful! Thanks!
Wow thank you so much you made me actually understand what I am learning
ma'am you made me pause that video just at 4:07 minutes to tell you that you are awesome.thanx alot.
My textbook uses 'late prophase' instead of 'prometaphase' which i guess is basically the same thing! This was so helpful thank you! xoxo
Thank you SO MUCH for your videos. I cannot tell you how grateful I am to have found your channel. I subscribed and shared with all my fellow students. I'll be back for sure. :)
thank u sooooooo muchhhh ur a life savor awesome vid keep uploading!
Thank you so much.. Its really informative and so clearly stated
It was excellent Mam.Thank you.
Omg. Thank you so much! This helped me a lot.
Nice job , Thanks a lot !!
You sound just like Tina Fey. And that is fantastic.
I'm a MD and a Clinical Geneticist and I found your video amazing. It is able to transform a very complex and a bit boring topic on a really funny and easy episode of living beings. Are you an Alchemist? I also would enjoy a new video about meiosis ... Please ... Many thanks!
Thank you! This helped me so much!
Thx ... this is really helpful
this video was the reason I passed my science quiz thank you
You explain it just as good as Mr. Anderson (Bozeman) thanks!
Thnk you. It was really helpful 😊
that was really helpful thank you so much
Thank you so much!! Truly grateful for the review !!!!!
Love the narrators enthusiasmXD Gluteal cleft lol.
u make learning fun! ! thanks! !😊 keep helping us! !☺
This was so helpful! Thanks so much!!
+Gillian Smith I'm so glad!! Thanks for watching!
Thank you so much!! Your method was great and it really helped me
So glad to hear it!! Thanks for watching!
PenguinProf4President.
I say Yes! such a nice outgoing, enthusiastic voice. Could learn from you all day. thanks for your work and sharing with us.
+N Singh Haha!!! LOVE that! Thank you so much!!!
thanku soo much..dat was gr8..u made it fun nd intresting to learn..luved it :)
Muy bueno el video, sigue asi ThePenguinProf
Very good video, keep it up ThePenguinProf
i have never understood cell division, now i think i do. Great job! keep it up
+Faisal Asil SO GLAD to hear that! Thanks for watching!
You are an excellent teacher! Thanks for the education 😀
Thanks so much for watching!
Thank you so much.You made it easy to understand.
+Fahad aLjbreen You are so welcome!
thankyou this helped so much!!
Thanks a lot for the wonderful tutorial ma'am.
+Rekha Simha You are so welcome! :)
Excellent video! Thank you! :)
+kattttttt You are so welcome!
This is awesome! you are very clear!!! Thank you
+Colin Alli Thanks for watching!!! You are most welcome!
Thank you so much for this tutorial
It is very helpful.
+عبدالمحسن الدريس You are so welcome!!
Thank u sooo much it is a lot more understandable now! U r awesome!!!!
Thanks for providing this video, you rock! I read Simon's comment up top there... sorry to hear about such a negative response to such a cool video! I wish I could have seen it before it was taken down :( Anyway, thanks again! I have a midterm in a few hours.... AHHH!!!
Awesome helped a lot :)
That was fun 😃 Thanks a lot!
very good
Oh My Gosh I want you AS MY TEACHER FOREVER. I LEARNED SO MUCH
thanks!! it helped so much! And I learned a lot more cool cell stuff
You're welcome! Glad it was helpful!
thank you very very much......i understood a lot.....
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I really liked the cool technique of teaching in a not so boring way! ;)
Thank you so much!
I was laughing when she said try to use intergluteal cleft in a pick-up line and wished those people good luck!! That was actually pretty funny.
Good video.
Thank you very much! You might have saved my grade!
How lucky are your students!
what are the stages of cell cycle and mitosis? is there any chance if you could break it down with a quick explaination for each section. Thanks :)