Photosynthesis: Fun in the Sun
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- čas přidán 5. 08. 2024
- Got oxygen? Got food? Well, then you've got to have photosynthesis! This video will break down photosynthesis into the "photo" part (capturing light energy and storing it) and the "synthesis" part (fixing carbon into carbohydrates). It's all a bit complicated, but take a deep breath and let's find out where that oxygen comes from.
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Redox Releif: • WTF is REDOX?
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VIDEO DETAILS
Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O -- C6H12O6 + 6O2
Oxygen Sources
Most of the photosynthesis on Earth is NOT performed by plants
Plankton
Photosynthesis
A process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy that can be used for cell work
Light Reactions vs. Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)
LIGHT and the Light Reactions
What is light anyway?
Electromagnetic spectrum
Capturing Light
Plants capture solar energy with pigments
Pigments are molecules which absorb AND ARE CHANGED BY light
Chlorophylls are the most famous but they are not the only pigments that plants use!
Extracting Chlorophyll
Isolated Chlorophyll and fluorescence
Structure of the Chloroplast: thylakoid membranes, grana, stroma, membranes
Light Harvesting Complex and Photosystems
Source of the electrons (water) - plants split water!
Flow of electrons from water to PSII, ETC, PSI, reducing NADP+ to NADPH
H+ gradient and the ATP synthase
The Calvin Cycle
AKA: Dark Reactions, Calvin-Benson-Bassham Cycle, CCB Cycle, Reductive Pentose Phosphate Cycle, C3 Cycle
Melvin Calvin
As a professor at UC Berkeley, he traced carbon through photosynthesis using carbon-14
Check out his autobiography: Following the Trail of Light: A Scientific Odyssey
And Now, The Star of the Show
RuBisCO (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase)
The most abundant protein on Earth
RuBisCO is the key to carbon fixation
atmospheric carbon dioxide is converted into organic compounds (eventually glucose)
RuBisCO catalyzes the carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP)
RuBisCO
Sum of Reactions in the Calvin Cycle
"You will never see a glowing plant, unless you have taken some interesting medication" whattt😂😂😂
Right after she said this...i hurriedly looked for the comments to find if ever i was the only one laughing HAAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA
Hi
Thank you
Once again clear fluent narration and excellent graphics.
So glad you found it helpful! Thanks for watching!
The way you break a concept down into a narrative is beautiful! I grasp the whole concept now thanks to you!
This is the first video I've watch from this channel, and I fall in love right away.
Your presentation is neat. And you talk very smoothly.
Thank you so much..
watched this when I took AP bio my senior year & helped me get the highest grade on the photosynthesis test... watching this again for my botany class in university and still super helpful!! thank you!!
Dude you saved my science grade..... Thank you so much!! Very helpful
That was simply beautiful. Thank you so much for uploading this video!
The most helpful video I have ever watched, you have saved my grade, thank you so much.
This video is quite simple, yet makes you realize basically what photosynthesis is, what is very good when you don't get a goddamn thing of what this messed up process is at first.
your videos are so much fun to watch and learn thanks helped me a lot :)
the words can NOT describe how much Im thankfull for your lectures. Y R the RuBisCo of those lectures :). THANNNNNNK YOUUUUU
this helped me tremendously before my test, you explain everything so clearly! thankyou so much! :)
The best video about the light reaction and calvin cycle😍
Thank u so much😇😇
I love you penguinpfro! you have contributed to my understanding again. thank you for making these awesome videos
Fantasitc video, really broke down the process and made it easy to understand
I WISH we had used this for class! Seriously, we just had a test over this in my botany class, and I think we would have been WAY more prepared if we watched this video. 100,000 likes!
YOu have botany? Are you in college?
@@kevinvillasenor724 10 years ago yes 😂
commenting 10 years later haha@@archiesauls3672
Wow... I'm doing a research paper on the mechanics of photosynthesis for a botany class and I need 5 scholarly and peer reviewed articles. After watching this, I now feel like I don't need to look up anything else. I don't know how you made it so easy to take in, bravo! Cheers from the drummer in Super Space Nation!!!! Rock on!
Great video!
I'm Italian but I can certainly say that this video was easier to understand than all video (in italian) that I've seen before, THANK YOU VERY MUCH! =D
Wow ,you've simplified this complex part of photosynthesis for me .
I am SO happy to hear that!
So helpful! Understood it far better than the textbooks.. #ThanksALot..!!
Sorry??
I'm German and all the German videos on youtube leave important things (like the photosystem I) out or are way too hard to understand. So yeah, that video was very helpful. I finally get it :D
This is the first video that I've seen of yours! I absolutely love it though. Thank you for the explanation. Definitely subscribing.
Thank you so much for the sub! Glad you found it useful.
THANK YOU FOR THIS PENGUIN PROF
Thank you very much.Your videos are so much fun helped me well.Wow
Hany
Best video that covers this subject on youtube. Thanks for the share!
Also, you have just earned a subscriber. (;
This was very helpful, thank you so much i have a better understanding now.
am not a science student.. I am science lover... and you are awesome!
Thank you so much, I just realized how much my school sucks, they never explained this as clear as this. THANK YOU
Thank you for the great video! It was extremely helpful and easy to follow! :)
you are really good. I already subscribed from the first video I watched
The electrons actually come from the excited pair of chlorophylls from the reaction Center of PSII. Here's what happens:
1) LHC captures light and absorbs photons, bouncing the photons through chlorophyll molecules of LHC;
2) The photons go from the LHC to the pair of chlorophylls (chls) to the Reaction Center (RC) of PSII, which has a pair of chorophylls called chlorophylls P680, that is, these chls absorb light at a wavelength of 680 nm;
3) These photons make the chlp680 molecules become excited, i.e., the double bonds from the porphyrin head of chls are broken, RELEASING electrons from the pair of chls. thus, the chlp680 molecules get excited (P680+), releasing (e-) from their broken double bond reactions;
4) the released electrons from the pair of chl680s move to the next acceptor of electrons called PHEOPHYTIN, which is a molecule of chlorophyll WITHOUT the Mg2+ chelated by the porphyrin head of chl. In summary, Pheophytin is like a molecule of chl lacking its magnesium ion.
5) the pheophytin by its turn, transfers the electrons to quinones (Q) bound to proteins from the reaction center. These electrons then will migrate from quinones from PSII to PlastoQuinones (PQ), and then these PQs will transfer the electrons to the Cytochrome B6F complex.
6) but HEY!! What ABOUT THE PAIR OF CHLS FROM RC THAT LOST THEIR ELECTRONS ?? The PSII complex has also an enzimatic subdivision called WATER OXIDIZING COMPLEX (WOC), which as the name says, it's gonna oxidize H2O to O2, producing electrons (e-) and H+ ions.Keep in mind that this complex has manganese (Mn) and Calcium (Ca) as cofactors.
7) the electrons generated from WOC will replace the lost ones by the pair of chls from the Reaction Center of PSII, thus restarting the process.
8) so the overall process is: LIGHT (photons) >> LHC >> RC chl 680 >> (photons) >> RC chl680+ >> e- >> Pheo >> Quinones attached to proteins in PSII >> electrons leave PSII and go to PQs >> Cytochrome BCF. WOC >> H2O => O2 + e- + H+ >> e- => chlP680+ >> chlP680.
Dalton Perote Citation?
Good Narration. Excellent Flow Of Tone. Unassuming previews of later complex stuff.
Thanks so much!
Great video, thanks for the help!
Thanks for explaining about Photosynthesis. I have a question: What is required for the existence of Photosynthesis? If any of those went off, could it possibly still carry on but differently?
This was amazing, you saved my mark
Your the best!! my exam board uses slightly different terms tho. but non-the less I now understand. thank you so much.
teaching my students with (parts of) this material.
Good job, mrs Penguin!
+AgentTripleH So glad to hear it! Thanks for sharing with your students!
its really really awesome helpful for me to understand. Thanks a lot, prof penguin.
You are really welcome! Thanks for watching!
U r totally Awesome..!!
I can't thnk u enough , this just the video i was looking for ...
explanation is very very nice and clear..
Thanks for watching! So glad it was helpful.
Very well done professor!
Thank you! Cheers!
Please make video lessons on all kinds of subjects...The way you present the subjects is easy to understand and you have a good selection of slides as well.
Can photosynthesis take place under light coming from any other source except sun
can't wait for a video on respiration!:)
Adorable explanation.....#respect by heart 👌👌😊
Thank you! This was really helpful!
beautiful!
A pretty long video on Photosynthesis... LOL Thank ya
That was awesome. Thank you
Have you made any interactive presentations based on this subject?
I only make public my YT tutorials - everything else I make is for my own students... just not enough time for everything!! Sorry...
Really the explanations are so clear! Thanks and greatings from Kibutz Nahsholim Israel
can I ask you something if a plant makes food for its self how does it remove toxic waste
+kwahme rose I'm happy that you didn't receive an answer to your lazy question.
EXCELLANT!! I can't help but wonder what role very high concentrations (relative to today) of atmospheric CO2 during the Cambrian Period had in the explosion of life on earth during that period. Was that increase in CO2 actually a prerequisite for the explosion of life during the Period. RuBisCo most abundant protein on earth. More CO2 in the atmosphere equates to more carbon for organic compounds into glucose and more life. Just thinking out loud.
Great video, thank you.
Excellent!! Gracias
Hey I'm just a little confused still... So in the light reactions, it says that the light energizes the electrons... are the electrons ALREADY in the plant, or is the light the electrons???????
Those electrons come from water.
Excellent.
What does the little i next to the phosphorus mean (it looks like "Pi" on the equation)?
it means 'inorganic' referring to the fact that it has been removed from the organic molecule.
why is it that i can sit through a 4 hour class and have no idea what is going on yet in 15 minutes its beyond clear?? Thanks Prof!
Awww... thanks so much!!!! I'm glad it was helpful!
why plants dose not become hot with Calvin reaction. All those ATPs and NADPHs are not 100% converted in those reaction, so what about the heat?
The rate of cellular respiration in plants is too low to create a noticeable change in temperature, because cellular respiration simple isn't an essential part of the process in the way it is with mammals, but they do release heat energy into the atmosphere. It's pretty commonly taught that photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two entirely separate processes and an organism will always do only one or the other, but the reality is that it's just not scientifically relevant. Sure, it technically happens, but do you care that your fridge's coils technically heat up your house when your food stays cold and you have AC? Same concept here, considering them separate processes with no overlap is a view that makes more sense for future research, even if there are some trivial complications. Some plants (most notably skunk cabbage) do have a higher rate of cellular respiration that creates noticeable heat, but this is entirely coincidental and irrelevant to other plants or to the photosynthetic process. At some point the right gene flipped on in that particular species, and losing or keeping that mutation cost nothing, so it just proliferated at the rate determined by its degree of dominance.
thank you. great video
Thank you soooo much!
Thank you so much Professor. I tried the fluorescence thing in my kitchen and it was pretty fun!
great
thank you so much !
EXCELLENT ! THANKS !=)
Ooh that was helpful...thnx...respect!!!!...\m/
Thank you Prof!!!
It was really helpful thank you.
Glad to hear that! Thanks for watching!
That take a while to work on
It was very helpful thanks😍
You're welcome 😊
Nice animations ;)
*chews on some penguin flipper*
thanx alot
Thanks soo much
Your are my savior!
Thanks for sharing your knowledge with the man in the street. Since all of it would stop if the sun didn't shine, could it be that the photons created the leaf in the first place.
Maam amazing job👏👏👏👏👏👏
Thanks a lot 😊
You went into detail thank you oh my god.
OMG you are so welcome!
ThePenguinProf - Aceing that test tomorrow with your help! :)
well, this was helpful, shpanx
Great ..
8:36 heyah!!!! I too said wow at the same time....wht a coincidence 😁😄
NOW YOU CAN EAT SUNLIGHT
Wouldn't that be nice??
"You will never see a glowing plant, unless you have taken some interesting medication"
Medication? Do you mean, illegal medicine? ( ° ʖ °)
Well, there are many hallucinogens... I wasn't being specific... :)
ThePenguinProf oh, I was just joking with this comment lol
Wow, I could listen to her read the phone book!
nice
I always thought the light harvesting complex was located on the chlorophyll themselves.
Interesting
thanks a lot ! but, can you explain more detail about calvin cycle ? your explaination is too simple.. btw, this video helps me a lot. :)
Super helpful! Thank you.
nice.. helping
Tante gratzie! Sto studiando l'italiano! (Mio marito e' di Milano!)
😀
V v v awesome
we use this for class
What happened to the other elements from the periodic table that sit in the enzymes and act as catalysts to perform magic, or do we just isolate the system to prove a scientific result and forget what makes it work. Add in the life that splits the elements from solids in the soil and prepares them for use by plants to create the whole picture and mention that the elements are present and dissolved in sea water for the plankton to absorb.
Teaching is about giving knowledge not withholding it because you are too bone idle to include it.
It's a 14 1/2 min video with a limited scope aimed at basic biology students. Nothing happened to the other elements as they are still there, but beyond the scope of this particular presentation. You might want to refer to advanced biology textbooks for the information you seek.
no such thing as funx or not
What is this interesting medication???😅🤣😂
"You will never see a glowing plant, unless you have taken some interesting medication" whattt😂😂😂
+OsO Sanity I've read about drugs like that... :)
Right after she said this... I hurriedly went to the comments to find out if i was the only one laughing HHAHAHAHAHAGA
Great ...