Herodotus on Ancient Africa: There is no Sub-Saharan
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- čas přidán 23. 06. 2024
- In this episode Dr. Rebecca Futo Kennedy guides us into not only ancient Africa but also specifically North Africa and brings up the history of a commonly used and misused term that we constantly see today and that is the term "Sub-Saharan."
She not only gives us a history of the term but how it is used to often whitewash or erase black Africans and their presence in North Africa and its history.
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Doctor Rebecca Futo Kennedy is Associate Professor of Classics, Women's and Gender Studies, and Environmental Studies at Denison University; and the Director of the Denison Museum. Her research focuses on the political, social, and cultural history of Classical Athens, Athenian tragedy, ancient immigration, ancient theories of race and ethnicity, and the reception of those theories in modern race science.
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Herodotus' ethnography of north Africa is at 4.168-197, which he refers to as "Libya" (see 4.36-45 on how he divides the continents).
Which of the dozens of people he lists are "Black" is unclear. In addition to Aethipians [note: the "cave dwelling Aethiopians are listed as living in western African mountains and are hunted by the Garamantes], there are the Ammoniana, the Mauretanians, and the Atarantes, which are all likely "Black."
In 4.197, Herodotus says: "The are the people of the Libyans we are able to name. Most of them do not worry about the Persian king in the present nor did they earlier. I am able to say this much about the land: there are four tribes [note: "tribes" = Greek ethnea, while the dozens of names he gives are "peoples" who self identify within these ethnea] that inhabit Libya and no more than that. That much I know. Two of them are indigenous [Greek = authochthones] and two are not. The Libyans, who live in the north and the Aithiopians, who live in the south [south = southern portion of north Africa] are indigenous; The Phoenicians and Greeks are immigrants [ immigrants = Greek epeludes].
Herodotus' understanding of geography makes clear that all of these people live in what is today north of the Sahara and west of Egypt, which he considers a separate space and which also has Aethiopians.
Libya according to Herodtous Map of africa includes most of Centeral africa and not the modern borders of the country named Libya so its expected that south libyans would be Black and North Libyans would be white since south libya is actually part of sub saharan africa while North Libya was pupolated by the North africans.
encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQk67NJABo_v18lbcsJF5MiJAXYWlUWnR4et0U0KvJgutNHWERL6Pun4c5N&s=10
Herotodus tried to rewrite history and Egyptian library was the primary source when the Greeks ruled the known world, had to put their name on everything. They desecrated Egyptian statues, by smashing them because they had "black" noses, trying to erase that black people even existed, which is obviously overt racism. The sub Saharan climate was different thousands of years ago, it was a grassland with bodies of water, rivers and lakes, after the last interglacial period. Lesson: don't use the term subsaharan.
I guess we are gonna have to stop using the term "Sub-Saharan" and start saying "West African" Or Senegal River. I don't want to say South African because there is possibly also a cultural difference at this time between the hunter-gatherers of the South Africa area, and the more "civilized" Bantu's further north that is more pastoral. Not sure where agriculture mixes in with all this, but Agriculture was not as efficient back then as it is today, so if the people practiced it around Senegal, Niger rivers, or the river systems around the marshes near Lake Victoria it might have needed to be supported by pastoral activities as well. Would really be interesting to hear from an actual expert who studies African history beyond Egypt and Ethiopia. lol.
@@matamatosa8898 Yes there was a Kingdom that bordered Egypt and also during Roman times, pretty much Lybia. They were horrible people from what I read if we judge them by our standards. One of their sports were hunting the people south of them I believe they called them "Ethiopians". They would chase them down with chariots and the Ethiopians would run and hide in caves. Inside the caves they found the artwork of depictions of the Chariot hunts. I remember the Lybian King and either the Egyptians or Romans got into an argument because I think the Egyptians were freely trading with this "Sub-Saharan" culture. The Lybians were mad because they considered that culture as their subject or possession, and wanted the trade going thru them. Something in that essence at least, been a few years since I read that on like Wikipedia lol.
Biden won the election fair and square, Clinton's are salt of the earth type people and blacks wuz kings. Just except it racists.
As an African, I wouldn't care about the race of ancient kingdoms if europeans hadn't made such a big deal about it.
Yes my father told me that a longtime ago we were from East Africa in Kemet/Egyptos but our people escape from Kemet to West Africa because we were persecuted by the Romans. He said we were killed daily. We have oral stories and song that describes what happened during this time. One day I wish to compile all these songs and oral stories and share them with all my people. I think that something that has to be done.
Do share those stories I need to hear them
You all can’t find your immediate lineages that DEFINITELY go to west Africa but somehow you all sense you’re from Egypt, a place you had NO WAY of getting to at that time!
You know you’re lying in a language someone else gave you and can understand when you’re lying, right?
@@NoahBodzeYou're just a lie lovin' Racist
I’ll love to hear them.
@@Kiki_smithits pure nonsense
The late Cheikh Anta Diop put it aptly when he said that they define white in the broadest sense possible so as to try to accommodate as much civilizations as possible for themselves, while defining blackness in the narrowest sense so as to limit it only to those south of the sahara, even at times defining it even narrower to certain language groups e.g Bantus.
So true
Absolutely!
@@francisgalton2678 Not true. Blacks come in various hues. Here in the USA, if you had "one" drop of black blood, you were BLACK.
Perfect example was Rosa Parks who was classified as black and arrested for sitting in the "white" section. Plenty of other examples... So your statement is false. At one time, the Italians were not considered "white".
Now that the white population is declining.."black/brown" is the new white.
Well, I reject the "new" definition of "whiteness".
@@deborahtucker4900 exactly
@@francisgalton2678 slow much??
Thoughts on the modern invention of Sub-Saharan and its misuse in the history of Africa.
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I had no idea the term was so recent in origin, always enlightening thank you for what you do.
I thought you might enjoy sprinkling a little of this on these comments 😄 imgur.com/a/eVlqoRh
@@nobody8328 that cracked me up!
@@mrmr446 same here! And I had no idea that the Soviets used it as an economic divider!
this is a favorite of modern egyptians...I just brought this up recently in a discussion. Sub saharan today is used to describe what some believe are "african" or "black" features. What they also fail to realize is that these feartures aren't the same even among those "sub saharans"
Not now, but it was 2000 years ago.
@@NotAnnaJones no it wasnt, you dunce
@@NotAnnaJonesWrong
@@user-ne3kg5bi3k Not wrong. DNA and the archeological record prove this.
Herodotus was right The Sahara Desert did were a barrier to free circulation of peoples in Africa This concept was made by Europeans to divide Africa
@daniele.3361 😂😭😂😭
Which is quite hilarious considering people still to this day cross the Sahara Google can I help you friends you can still find pictures of black North Africans the semites reverse migrated back into Africa. Fun fact most North Africans are just the sentence of mulattos
The first term she found referencing 'Sub-Saharan Africa' is 1978? That one blew my mind.
Really.
Greeks didn't speak English.. what else would you expect?
@@bubbag8895 point is it was not referenced in any language until 1978.
@@bubbag8895people lose brain cells just talking too you 😂
Why should a different race write the story of Africa... Ask us and we will tell you who we really are. I am from the Northern part of Ghana and we trace our ancestral backgrounds back to East of Chad, then from there it goes back to Old Ghana Empire. ... If you think they never wrote anything down then you are deceiving yourselves... We used symbols which no one can interprets without the indigenous people
secondworldwarethiopia.blogspot.com/2012/03/history-of-ancient-africa-in-geez.html?m=1
she is talking about before those Empires....Africa is a Roman word....Africa wasn't called Africa and continents weren't continents back then
@@youcantknoweveragain2364 okay.. But they should not rewrite our history without getting to know the true indigenous people of the nile...
Thank you!!!
@@kofighana5872 you can't rewrite that which has not been written
The fact I just recently learned that this man died makes me so sad RIP Nick a true historian without a dog in the fight just had a genuine willingness to lean. 😢
White supremacists killed him?
WHAT??! No way, I love his videos, this is devastating
There is a god? You must have no life! I have a suggestion for you! How about you go out and socialize find a girlfriend/boyfriend whoever you prefer! I understand it’s lonely in this world but it’s possible for you to get a life!
WOW 😮 🥺😢
You also don't know that he was hated by the white Egyptologist establishment and it is suspected that he was killed or murdered by poison.
Upper "Egypt" is considered the land to the SOUTH, as the Nile River flows from south to North and to my understanding that's how the ancient people categorized it initially. It's the eurocentric mapping of the world that has ppl thinking upper Egypt is in the north but the ancient ppl called interior Africa 'upper' as the Nile flows from the mountains of Tanzania and Uganda DOWN to Egypt. So it's most logical that the civilization(s) started in the south and flowed down the river (up north) as the rivers buoyancy allowed ppl to set sail down the river (north) and CONTINUE to create and develop from the civilization that that started in the interior like the ancient ppl of Egypt themselves said. See Dr. Joseph Ben Jochannan, Ashrwa Kwesi, Anthony Browder, Dr. Cheik Anta Diop, Martin Bernal and others
Thankyou this makes so much sense unlike many so called historians
Yes Upper Egypt is South Egypt and Lower Egypt is North Egypt as per the flow of the nile, but that doesn’t mean that it started with the sources of the Nile 6500 km away.
For Ancient Egyptians, Egypt is divided in 2: Upper (from the southern border with Nubia starting from the first cataract in Aswan to the beginning of the delta area and Lower from Delta to the Mediterranean in the North.
Ancient Egyptians called Egypt “the Two Lands” and king was referred to as Nesw (Upper), Bity (Lower) means king of the Two Lands (each part had its own crown, red Upper and white Lower combined in one crown) and each had its own sign
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenomen_(Ancient_Egypt)
Ancient Egyptians recognized their southern border and their southern enemies as Nubia, which they called Nehs
So since the beginning of their civilization and during the first dynasties, these were their land and they didn’t recognize or mention any parts further south.
@@Sema-Tawy Still, it doesn't change the fact that ancient Egyptians were black
@@patriciadegross5418 On the contrary dear, they were never black, actually all skin shades existed in Egypt as indigenous people except for blacks who were either enemies or war slaves and that’s the Ancient Egyptians opinion as depicted on their temple walls, Tombs, papyrus.
I guess i have to believe the Ancient Egyptians themeselves and DNA tests not just some lies from some insignificant wanabes, culture vultures, who have no history, no dignity and very low selfesteem and only make fool of themselves that the whole world is laughing at them and every race is fed up of their lies and how they try to leach on other races history. They are just a pathetic bunch of idiots.
@@Sema-Tawy That shows how much you know, Nubia was home to multiple groups. So when you say Egyptians were at war with Southern enemies Nubia, which Nubian groups are you referring to? When they went to war with Nubians they had help from other Nubian groups so who specifically are you talking about?
The obsession over ancient Egypt is uncanny and it shows, everyone wants to relate to it as it benefits themselves and their people. Ancient Egypt was very much an African civilization just as ancient Rome was a European civilization. If anything, later dynastic periods show ancient Egyptians getting lighter and that could be a result of intermixing with other outside groups. But I think it’s obvious that pre dynastic and earlier periods consisted of a people’s indigenous to the continent ie Northeast Africa and if this is hard to understand than just hang it up people and move on 🥴
The Egyptian empire started to fall after it was taken other by outer races
U contradicted yourself
@THE WASETIANS wasn’t talking to u
Common sense. You don’t have to be black, white, or anything else to understand this.
@Dean Gulberry The oldest mummy in Africa is that of a black mummy name "Uan Muhuggiag", there is a documentary about the Uan Muhuggiag mummy here in CZcams. And Nubians also ruled Egypt in the 8th and 7th centuries BCE.
I grew up in Mississippi. In a totally segregated era, folks of Middle Eastern descent (there were quite a few; New Orleans had been the port of entry for many middle eastern folks), and Italians, of which there were a huge number in the Mississippi delta (Post civil war, whole villages had been brought in to work in agriculture) went to white schools. According to the older white folks, they were'nt REALLY white, and were discriminated against in many ways. They fought to be white. As many white folks moved away, and some institutions needed more numbers/resources, they moved up in the social hierarchy. This was facilitated by intermarriage and increasing economic clout. I heard two classmates who were just assuming positions of responsibility at the local country club, laugh that they wouldn't have been allowed to be members in the 'sixties.
@Akm Akm ...and we are all Africans.
What does this have to do with the video?
And out of Africa has been debunked so no we aren't "all Africans". Even if our common ancestor was from Africa it wouldn't make us all Africans. Everytime I hear people spew this I cringe. History needs to stop being a playground for egalitarian fan fiction.
@@alexhurt7919 out of Africa has not been debunked. You’re just hurt about it. Stop arguing with people online about your racist beliefs and go get some counseling
@@AP-uc8rr so let me get this right. Your argument consists of telling me I'm wrong and calling me racist? That's convincing. Do you usually try to shut people down who disagree with you by calling them racist? Have you considered that might mean that you're wrong?
Cro-magnon is the oldest fully modern human. Cro-magnon has not been found in Africa. Cro-magnon has been found in italy. Therefore out of Africa theory has no ground to stand on. The first hominid is out of Africa, but not the first fully modern human. It's as simple as that. There's a plethora of other evidence, but I don't even need it because that's enough.
@@alexhurt7919 you’re now not only racist but uneducated and BLOCKED ...Stay hateful
Ethiopians have all the answers. I don't know why no scholars of the subject skip historical references in Ethiopia.
Because the name Ethiopia wasn't necessarily a reference to the modern state bearing that name but was a general name for the lands South of Egypt (especially Sudan) and at times other areas in North Africa.
@@listenup2882 he means that historical sources in Ethiopia have all the answer, he didn't say what you understood
@@listenup2882 the ancient writers did a great diservice to your comfort zone and you are doing your best trying to wiggle out of it. For no apparent reason the ancients kept mentioning Ethiopians everywhere - in the old testament, in the new testament, in the Koran, in the first literature of the western world - etc, etc. Those who are not well read assume things like you are doing. Keep at it - live in your own bubble.
@@nn-lw7hv I think it's pretty fair to say that an ancient times East Africans in general are known as Ethiopians by people from outside of that region albeit neighboring areas but still
Right in Ethiopia there's many artifacts that matches with Egypt even carvings.
Finally someone who is telling the truth based on actual evidence ....instead of making stuff up
@@francisgalton2678 you're making it up that she's making it up.
American blacks have no ties to Africa let alone Egypt
@@raidermanic872 they will never agree. They want it all, so greedy. They have advanced the current world but have no shame. Okay forget about all the bad stuff that as gone on before notably slavery and colonisation, most would like to move on and mostly forgive. But they want it all, to feel superior about everything without wanting to give credit were it is due to anyone especially to my black brothers and sisters
@@francisgalton2678 You were similar to the boars.
It is better to talk about what her European ancestors did with regard to the oppression and genocide of the Native American Indians. It is better than sticking her nose to what does not concern you. Leave North Africa and that's ours. We have our Berber genes, especially in North Africa, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco, we have our own language and 🧬 genus It is better than trying to please black people by stealing the history and civilizations of other countries
I did not expect to find this hidden gem in my recommended list on CZcams! VERY interesting! Thank you for the enlightening information! As a black woman I’m always fascinated by how modern agendas shape how people chose to shape history into a more self-serving narrative.
I enjoyed your insights! I wish history was taught with this sort of lens. Nowadays our history in schools is so watered down.
This is why CZcams is the best university in the world
It’s time for CZcams to have some real competition they have been censoring peoples voice! Something is coming just not fast enough!
AFRICAN AMERICANS BEEN SAYING THIS SHIT FOREVER SMFH … WEIRD HOW IT TAKES A WHITE PERSON TO SAY IT FOR YOU PEOPLE TO FINALLY “GET IT” 🤦🏽♂
Africa, and I mean the entire continent, is the land of the black people. The invading Arabians came to North Africa and settled there much, much later.
I agree! It was a wonderful surprise! I subscribed.
I really like your channel. Great work!
I am awaiting translations of the Libraries of Timbuktu, that were secreted out to prevent destruction by the Islamic extremists. While I expect Islamic treatises, their May also be other books that can be considered as history of African relations.
The grand structure in Timbuktu is a Mosque.
@Gerry C Timbuktu is in Mali. The “ Libraries” were kept in the houses of private citizens. Not in a single building. Many books are so old that those who have the library could not read them. Due to the extremist Islamic movement in Mali, a scholar from there, was able to convince most of the owners to allow the books to be smuggled out as he told them if the extremists took control, they would destroy the books because even if they were Islamic Texts, they would not conform to the extremist views. As I understand it, the books are in the care of the French as Mali used to be a French possession and France stepped u0 to overcome the extremists.
@Gerry C Written records start in Mesopotamia not Mozambique. Even jurisprudence is founded there. Learn harder.
@Akm Akm not intentionally, but since these were in private houses, individuals could easily have mistaken ancient books. A parallel is what happened when Rome invaded Syracuse. The order was to take Archimedes alive but when a soldier found an old Man scribbling in the dirt, and he did not immediately get up,the soldier killed him. It was Archimedes. And at another time, one of his books was partially erased and made into a psalmist. Probably by a religious person who could not understand what was written as it was a mathematical treatise.
All writing undergoes changes in both figure and context including Sanskrit, so a quick glance at an ancient text could easily be misunderstood, even those of Islamic contemplations on the Suras. There can also be such contemplation that does not agree with what one may have been taught. There is a difference in a scholastic treatise and an extreme religious interpretation. Historically, Islam has been known for its scholarship.but some are determined to undermine that for power.
@Akm Akm You don't know what jihad is. Don't embarrass yourself by showing your ignorance.
Dr Kennedy is a fresh breath of air !!
Great information, a very rare video when it comes to ancient African history.
If we are talking Ancient times, then the Sahara was a wet and very green place indeed. Depends on how you define Ancient I suppose 👍
Was a huge desert from the time of any writings.
@@TomiAdewoleAdetom was in human times (last 200,000 years) but not last 50, 000. Pretty sure. Let me look it up.
Between 5-11k years ago so was really becoming quite the barrier for western africa right around the time of 1st writings 5.5k years ago. Tragic for western africa imho.
Yes true and there was Millet grown from ancient Sahara regions. People who lived what's now called sub saharan actually in ancient times lived further north.
@@TomiAdewoleAdetom 6500 years ago. humanoids gain control over fire, 600k years ago.
Thank you. Please do more videos on this topic.
OMG😂😂😂😂. I don’t even have a degree in this stuff and said the same exact thing she did. Verbatim. It’s basic common sense but it’s also good to see a professional say the same thing. Just because the Europeans didn’t know how to cross the Sahara; it doesn’t mean the native Africans lacked the knowledge to cross
Give me a break sub saharn african in some parts cant give there people clean water in 2023 talk about cross a dessert in Egyptian times . 👀
@@richardjohnston3359 Well it doesn't matter whether or not they could because the Sahara used to not be a desert
I was waiting for this video
Love your videos. Thank you so much for this. The biggest thing that separates your channel from many is that you have many experts come on your channel to speak. Love it.
The confusion is, Lower ancient Egypt was ruled by Invaders for 400 years and was expelled. All people need to do is look and the art and how they depicted themselves
can't look at that either because alot can be changed in 400 years....you have to look at language and common sense
@@youcantknoweveragain2364 Also, ancient people often depict themselves in symbol rather than realistic terms - people are given distinct skin tones based on their gender in several periods of ancient Egyptian art.
@@youcantknoweveragain2364 how about MUMMIES WITH BLOND HAIR
@@kadensmike8190 you are nubian not Egyptian
Most european and middle easterns wants someone to lie to them.
1st Golden Age (Old K) from -2665- 2160 BCE ), Dynasties 3-6. Pyramids period.
2nd Golden Age (Mid K) from- 2040 - 1784 BCE , Dynasties 11-12. Literacy period .
3rd Golden Age ( New K) from -1554-1190 BCE, Dynasties 18-19 .Temples and Imperial Age.
4th Golden Age (Late K) from - 760 - 657 BCE , Dynasty 25 .Revival Age.
Invasions:
Hyksos -1750- 1152
Persians 525 - 405 and 343 - 332
Greeks - 332 - 30 BCE
Romans 30 - 395 ACE
Vandals 429 (Greeks named KMT " Egypt" )
Arabs 651- 710
And yet, ( Arabs ) still claim " Egyptians " as their ancestors while in reality they are descendants of Mamelooks, Greeks, Turks , Romans, Scythians, French .....
Source : " Kemetic Chronology : A summary Related to Other Important African Events " .
Dr Asa G. Hillard
Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine) had Egypt until the 7th Century before the Muslim Arabs.
@@IblewuponyourfaceIII Sir Hyksos are Greeks, Persians etc they migrated from the Aegean Sea. That is Theo start of European History in the Aegean Sea.
@@Michael_De_Santa-Unofficial Hyksos is European I have an World History Atlas and I have World Religion Encuclopedias. You have to do a better research when you want to give out blotched information
The Arabs ARE not descendants of either the Greeks, nor the Scythians, nor the Turks, nor the Greeks, nor the Romans, nor the French, and no, not even the Mamluks. Oh, and also, the Mamluks were a military caste, and were also of many diverse origins. Try to get your facts right. :)
@@etoshanyugax2632 The Hyksos came from the Levant, hence they are not Persian nor Greek.
Thank you for this video it will mean so much to so many
Awesome interview!
💯Thanks for your honesty Dr Kennedy - really refreshing talk
Egypt (Kemet) civilization was wholly a Black African civilization that was propelled by the gift of Nile River that originated at Lake Victoria and flows through Uganda and South Sudan (Nubia) through Ethiopia into Egypt (kemet). The Romans ruled Egypt for nearly 700 years before the Arabs (Middle easterners), in December 639, conquered the ancient African kingdom. The Muslim conquest of Egypt was led by the army of 'Amr ibn al-'As, took place between 639 and 646 AD and was overseen by the Rashidun Caliphate. It ended the seven-century-long period of Roman reign over Egypt that began in 30 BC. The present day Egyptians are not original natives; those Black Nubians on the Aswan Dam were the natives. Ancient Egypt stretches to the present day Sudan and part of Ethiopia (Cush) not this modern demarcation by European colonialist.
Whi the f are you to go through our history! How dare you come up with theory about a place e with no connections at all, and start propagating a propaganda about! Stick your culture in Ghana or Nigeria or whatever, we don’t have any connections! The theory of colour about a race based on your of history if rediculous ! And we have had enough of your propaganda! Enough is enough !
They say they are though. Seem more likely more intermingling happened than people realize.
@@djinnjax3274 What facts are they using to confirm their existence in Kemet? Saying so, doesn't make it so.
@@lauwilliams-hn8qs Genealogy.
@@djinnjax3274 Soooo, that proves what???
Interesting. Very informative. Thank you.
Excellent Episode!👍
Racial tropes and race relations, with Herodotus? why don't you just block his Twitter account?
Haha :)
czcams.com/video/jLJ7XvVUPNw/video.html
I am somali kushiti African ancient Egypt is our people
Fact. Egyptian pharaohs themselves believed their aboriginal home was the Land of Punt, which is modern day Somalia.
Gret video, and very truthful, very informative.
I appreciate your unbiased view toward history. Great video!
I'm happy to see someone White admitting the Whitewashing of Ancient Egypt is all about contemporary European culture appropriation and Arab assimilation into Whiteness.
Excellent video. I shared this on my FB page last November to help prove what a lot of people been saying for years. It's always a blessing to see our brothers and sisters speaking the truth.
Great honor to you Dr Kennedy. Sincere and honest scholars is what the world needs.
Dr. Kennedy,
Thank you for your honesty of scholarship!
I'm glad someone is finally telling the truth about things we know are to be real..No need to spread continuous lie and the Ancient Egyptians..Things were not how they are now with all this racism..Everyone knows the truth but racism and racist hate to admit the truth..
Exactly
Genetic information states otherwise. Not white, but not Sub-Saharan either
"An international team of scientists, led by researchers from the University of Tuebingen and the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Jena, successfully recovered and analyzed ancient DNA from Egyptian mummies dating from approximately 1400 BCE to 400 CE, including the first genome-wide nuclear data from three individuals, establishing ancient Egyptian mummies as a reliable source for genetic material to study the ancient past. The study, published today in Nature Communications, found that modern Egyptians share more ancestry with Sub-Saharan Africans than ancient Egyptians did, whereas ancient Egyptians were found to be most closely related to ancient people from the Near East."
"The study found that ancient Egyptians were most closely related to ancient populations in the Levant, and were also closely related to Neolithic populations from the Anatolian Peninsula and Europe. "The genetics of the Abusir el-Meleq community did not undergo any major shifts during the 1,300 year timespan we studied, suggesting that the population remained genetically relatively unaffected by foreign conquest and rule," says Wolfgang Haak, group leader at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Jena. The data shows that modern Egyptians share approximately 8% more ancestry on the nuclear level with Sub-Saharan African populations than with ancient Egyptians. "This suggests that an increase in Sub-Saharan African gene flow into Egypt occurred within the last 1,500 years," explains Stephan Schiffels, group leader at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Jena. Possible causal factors may have been improved mobility down the Nile River, increased long-distance trade between Sub-Saharan Africa and Egypt, and the trans-Saharan slave trade that began approximately 1,300 years ago."
Thank you for this video. I appreciate her speaking the truth.
Finally… ingenious flows out ur mouth! Thx🌸
Thank you very much for the information and the video
Also, if you'd like to help out the channel (even if you hate the video) you can do so by sharing it! Create some fun debates | discussions | etc.
The ancient Greek and Roman historians are the only non bias and transparent historians that can be trusted when it comes to the accuracy of European sources.
Not really, for example in the case of Carthage the sources are usually not 100% trustworthy because of animosity between the Greco Roman world and the Punic civilization
@@mushussu838 Not in terms of skin color or demographics, I doubt the Romans cared that much about the skin color of north Africa to lie about it.
There were black romans and Greeks. Racism is a modern invention to keep one slave class on the neck of another. It's that simple
@Gas Enjoyer... It was Herodotus that said "“The Ethiopians to whom Cambyses sent these gifts are reputed to be the tallest and most beautiful of all peoples.”........"Black" was not considered a Bad-Omen in Hellenistic culture.... Africans Exist as powerful royalty in ancient greco Mythology..as for example..Queen Andromeda.and were seen favorably by ancient greesks....after all the most famous greeks minds renowned today went to africa to STUDY...greek culture via minoan culture was borne out of a black egyptian culture....the roman historians also speak of Africans very favorably.... up until the..... punic wars[and some even after that] ...after the punic wars Rome developed a fear and hatred for Black Africa [Thanks to Carthage & Hannibal] and spread anti Black Africa propaganda throughout their empire....Anti Black African Historic views really exploded in the late 1600's and 1700's...among the french, British, germans, dutch and Americans "intellects", "archelogists" and "historians"....
@Alberto Barbosa... That's nonsense!
Thank You.....Dr Kennedy!! Great honest presentation
Thank you Dr. Kennedy May RA bless you ever more.
Stop talking nonsense, there never was a country called Egypt in ancient times, the name of the land was Kemet.
Yes it is in genesis and in the book of Jubilees. Kemet is invented by black Americans who are not even Africa but Japheth and Fulanis Arab from Arabia.
It was called Kemet and they were NOT black Africans.
@@st3019 where did God said the ancient land of Egypt is kemet? He told Moses Mitzrahim the second son of Ham settled in Egypt because it was already built by Ham. I will stick to facts not fiction.
@@st3019 Egypt is in Africa. Black Americans are not Africans they are Fulani Arabs and indigenous people of the Americas mixed so they should share no light on Africa history, culture or people. Those who colonized us should leave us alone.
@@doreenramsey1016 Ok , but I don’t know what do black Africans have to do with Moses and Ham ? Didn’t you know you’re from subsaharan Africa and the history of black Africans have nothing to do with ancient Egypt or Hebrews ?!
Amazing analysis. I love African Studies in it's proper context. I used to be in a lot of far right fringe groups that taught about Egyptians being ancient Aryans or outer space aliens. So Lord knows I came a long way. Loll
Mental growth is always a blessing for our species.
@@chavezmoore390 most def! 💯
Happy for you man! We all go through growth. I too am learning and getting away from a very "black centric" way of viewing history.
The Pharos were very clearly Caucasian. Look at he sarcophagi, look at the phenotypes of the mummies, check the DNA results.
Red and blond haired Caucasian mummies can be found from the pre dynastic era right through to Cleopatra.
Think it was ramases who wore sandals with blacks and Semites on so he could trample his enemies with every step.
@@craigbuckley1758 🤣🤣🤣🤡
Great video
A very insightful presentation and much needed hidden truth of colonial ripple effect that has distorted reality and truth. The sad thing is that many of us in the African continent participate in this separation ideology. Keep up the good work!
Not everyone. It will die as quickly as it was born.
You like having computers and electricity, though?
Racist people will never associate Kemet/ Egypt, Egyptian as black african people. Even though Greeks like Diodorus whom saw, interacted with, learned from tells you that the were black skinned wooly haired people. And that they were the same people as the Nubians/ Kushites. Even though they tell you on the Papyrus of Hunefer that the came from the beginning of the Nile where Hapi dwells. Despite the fact that black East Africans actually look like the Medu Neter/ Hieroglyphics. My people can never be great in a world view.
Not a single ancient source did ever called ancient Egyptians as black/negroid Africans . NEVER
Now, this is what I consider objective reporting - something that is extremely rare in Western scholarship.
Very interesting!
Information concerning the history of Egypt is very slowly making it's way to the surface from the depths of denial. Soon the connection between Kemet and Nubia will be one, not separate kingdoms but a continuous empire.
Thank you for calling out the bigotry of eurocentric teaching. Even the fact Greeks learned from Egyptians is seldom said. It's know Nubia was in control of Egypt for a dynasty. Egypt has been bigger than it is today and has been smaller, ruled by different people at different times. And yes no one is "black" or "white", white is just a dominant force on the world today. Caused by the separation imposed by Roman's against the rest of the world and the unification of German and Roman descendants to oppress the world.
The Roman's were not racist. Racism is mainly the byproduct of the Transatlantic and Indain Ocean slave trade
Peace FAM, if you want to know more about the TRUTH and the REAL BLACK EGYPTIANS go SUBSCRIBE to my Channel and check out my New Video, here's the link for my channel czcams.com/channels/g1nTX0J2rH76pJ7uTyUf3w.html?view_as=subscriber and here's the link to my video czcams.com/video/V2bzNxaRvFw/video.html. Support the movement and join the fight to STOP the LIES, RACISM and WHITEWASHING of Ancient Egyptians, Hotep and ASE.
The Deeper the research, the clearer Africa is Cradle of Civilization
That last sentence was epic.
Yup they call themselves white because they think they are dominant 🤣🤣🤣, their own science disqualifies them, whites are recessive and blacks dominant. Blue eye recessive and black eyes dominant now figure that shit out
Great job man, keep it up!
When this women is talking about “white North Africa” is she saying that middle eastern people are considered as “white people” ? Or is she saying that there were Northern Europeans in North Africa?
Most North Africans are grouped as 'white' by racial standards today but they have pretty diverse genetics. Groups like the Amazighs whose genetics differ with the standard European ones are still grouped as white.
@@robloxgirlgamerhello483 This entire White vs Black idea is mumbo jumbo and something that developed mainly in America. I'm from Morocco. I'm light brown. Most Moroccans are brown, dark brown or light brown. You'll have Moroccans in my region of origin that are mostly white to light brown. Guess what, it's because of climate. People adapt to their climate. This is science. You'll have Moroccans to the south that are dark brown to even black, because of combination of their climate and migration.
People who understand simple biology will understand that most North-Africans are not black and have never been for a very long time because of their climate. Saying otherwise would be going against science.
@@saraqostahterra4548 I can agree that this ideology is nonsense. But when getting a passport or visa most north africans and arabs are grouped as white but italians and spaniards are not. Its crazy but that is just how the modern world works.
@@robloxgirlgamerhello483 That is the case in America yes. But Americans lives in another dimension when it comes to races.
She is result of american education system that clearly see the world with black and white lences. Just sad.
Props to this channel
I just wish we knew more abt africa. Theres just so much we dont know yet i feel it holds the keys to so much of the sapient human past.
We don't know much because they didn't have writing. What does that tell us?
@@MatthewQuigley most of europe didn't have writing till the romans spread their culture inland what does that tell you?
@@MatthewQuigley We Ethiopias and Eritreans have been writing for at least 5000years and still. And the oldest bible is in our language. The Romans thought whole Europeans to live.... The Romans made “peace” with Ethiopia as they called it. And never taxed them. To be kind I guess or the truth is Alexander and the one’s before him all lost.. You know nothing because your own ppl don’t want you to know! East Africa has the best climate in the world our capitals are above 2000m with 26-28 degrees Celsius everyday they whole year around. It’s the center of the world literally. The sun sets at 6 and rise at 6. I didn’t think this is the fact in London
Most of the history was destroyed. Not just by isis, but also rome. Look up 70ad. Ancient knowledge and wisdom of the greatest civilizations in the past 20,000 years is almost completely gone now. Sad but true
@@rome7164 Rome never got that far into Africa. I don't think we can blame them for our lack of knowledge regarding, say, what the Zulus were doing in 70 AD. But then you are "Rome," so you should really know this!
White people also try to tell you that Ethiopians are Caucasians. 😆😆😆😆
I love how phds who actually spend the whole life studying the type of stuff break the history down, the anthropology, and even the archaeology down, and then next thing you know people were COMPLETELY UNEDUCATED and completely IGNORANT come out with contravening information as if they are correct. It's hilarious
I’ve never heard of anyone who thinks the ancient Egyptians were white. Arab looking maybe but not European white. I’ve never read a book that says that, I’ve never heard an instructor say this, I’ve never heard a podcast that asserts this. If a person asserts that Egyptians were white you immediately know they are incredibly ignorant but honestly I don’t know anyone except maybe Hollywood but they’re the epitome of ignorance. This whole talk was stupid because they never say who the “they” are. There is never once an example of the crazy racists who are going around trying to convince people the Egyptians were white. Honestly they kind of sound the ancient alien people. Their arms must be sore from patting themselves on the back for being so smart and so anti-racist.
Ancient Egyptians were not modern day Arab looking they looked very much Africa black
@@thenigerianjew1698 I completely agree with that. I didn’t say that here but I should have. Thank you for pointing that out.
That funny cause I have Egyptians books with Caucasians features & Blue Eyes, Blonde hair or brown, red or black straight hair Mummies.
Arabs or Arabians are Caucasians who are very mixed today & are genetically related to the Jews/Israelites who are Caucasians. They are Semites of the Caucasian Race.
@@IblewuponyourfaceIII ok. Where do caucasians fit the Curses of Deuteronomy 28?
@@dantaereacts6322 caucasians wrote that just like they wrote the "king James version" of the bible justifying slavery.
Who said that ancient Egyptians were white ? They were brown with different features from Nubians. (that's how the Egyptians depicted themselves) We have to understand features and face structure here and that not all native africans are black/congoid. Imazighen and Egyptians .That doesn't mean that were not black africans among them or in other regions of North Africa.
I'm concerned that the report when I use N-Gram Viewer the graph is completely different than hers. If I could post an image, I would show you.
it's not really different. You searched for Sub-Sahara and she searched for Sub Sahara turns out the one with " - " was in use before separating it as two different word.
Good stuff
Good job host and guest.
Marxist development economists in the 1970's were first to employ the term sub-Saharan, not as some sort of value judgment but as an acknowledgement that Marx's Asian Mode of Production paradigm didn't really apply to the economies of countries that were generally south of the Sahara desert. They wondered about how and why production and consumption patterns were so different in those countries. The term got picked up in the 1980's as a catch-all to replace the older term Black Africa, still used in the 1960's. Currently the term sub-Saharan has become a categorical omnibus with supposed explanatory power in geography, history, sociology, politics, economics and lately even human genetics. It is a term cherished by social media warriors of rightist, race-baiting, reactionary bent who relish the fiction of a vast impenetrable desert drawing an ethnic curtain between the Africans living on the Mediterranean seaboard and Africans living in savanna zones and humid forests. With the smallest efforts the term sub-Saharan, as brandished by these lackeys, falls away and is revealed to be no more than wishful thinking.
@Daniel E. This difference is relatively new. Even ancient M2 haplogroup in North Africa relates to E1 groups in the horn, which is also "sub Saharan".
@@rififienforce I haven't got a fkn clue what you're on about mate. Horn of Africa? Sudan? You're barkers up the wrong tree. But by all means have at it if it means ish to you. "Woke" not a word that stings, if your aiming to sting. Don't even know what "woke" means...I doubt you do either. If u think you've got tight genetics to wave about, be my effing guest: link it and we'll let the smart punters pick it to pieces, ya habibi. Let's really see how your sleepy Asia origins in Sudan story supports today's liberal usage of "sub-Saharan".
@@frankscott1708it’s not new North African populations are bio morphologically /phenotypically distinct for Niger kordofanian/nilo Saharan black African population groups . Also what concrete consistent sound evidences do you have to demonstrate the accuracy of your assertion above
@@fabbeyonddadancer The assertion I am making is that the term, the word, "sub-Saharan" is new (1980's) and based in Marxist economics. I am not making a ridiculous claim that there are no actual differences between north African and populations and populations in other parts of Africa. Nor am I saying that those differences are somehow new. It is this term "sub-Saharan" that is new and it is being given explanatory power, categorical power that it does not have...usually in the mouths of people who are ignorant of African geography, history, genetics, economics. If you care to search the term "sub-Saharan" you will see its roots in Marxist economics starting as early as 1972 in work by Paul Beckett but doesn't get popularized generally until the 1980's by people like Jean Copans.
Bottom line, "sub-saharan" is racist terminology and needs to be treated as such. Africans saturated ALL of Africa for well over 200k years and they still exist in countries located in the northern portion of the continent, regardless of the influx of Arabs in the 600ce era. It's just another Eurocentric moniker with ulterior motives that needs to quit being used.
At 8:20 she uses, perfectly, all of the knowledge she presented before and puts it in that simple ideia. Perfectly done. Thank you both very much!
And har cat hahahha thanks for the cat!
Wow, thank you! Your support is truly appreciated!
Great. Work.
The thing is they are disingenuous because they always compare the skulls of egyptians with west africans. They never compared skulls of egyptian mummies with east africans such as ethiopians and somalis. Africans are diverse. Different regions have different skulls and features!
I appreciate Dr. Kennedy's honesty
Honest? 🤥
@@CG-if9xqyes honest
No pseudoscience racist bullshit
All black people is saying is that ancient Egypt was founded by black Africans. They were the pyramid builders,we know that other races came later and we acknowledge that. I agree with most of her argument but ancient Egyptians did see racial differences!,from paintings in seti 1 tomb!
🤣🤣🤣🤣
The ancient Egyptians were not Black nor White. In fact nobody has these skin color scientifically speaking. The ancient Egyptians were brown. From the lightest brown to the darkest brown. But more so medium brown as they depicted themselves and given the region. Make no mistake Egypt is an African civilization and we know how diverse Africans look so…….What you said , but not what you said.
@@lifeinlife24 you do realize there are plenty of people we globally refer to as "black" who are actually brown skinned right?
@@den4199 You don't say.
Excellent!
Wow! Thank you
Sub-Saharan Africa was an invented term in 1978, to try and separate North Africans from equatorial Africans, and some how transform North Africans into white people, while having to admit that equatorial Africans were black, but news flash, before the copious invasion, immigrations, and colonizations, from western Asia and Europe, North Africa was also indigenously black people, including the Egyptians.
Did the Africans themselves tell you they were "Sub Saharan"?
THANK YOU BOTH FOR THIS VIDEO....WE ALL WIN AS HUMANS WIT THIS KNOWLEDGE!❤💚💛
Wow! And Brilliant!
I guess this lady thinks the African continent is the size of Massachusetts
🤣🤣
This Channel went from Neo-Nazi breading grounds to Pan-African enlightening real quick.
I'm subscribing now 👍🏽
Who else thought the cat was hilarious! 😂
Women thanks you for your bold truth. I give honor to you. We need more people like you in the world. God bless you.
Thank you for this video. I really appreciate you guys tackling this touchy subject. It confirmed many of my longstanding beliefs but it's good to hear it from academia. Keep up the great work!
You guys made a home run..great job revealing the truth
Just because someone's fictional attempt to hijack history backs up one political views does not make it the truth, Mr Goat head. Watching a video further ingraining your view on a particular false narrative whilst not trying to understand the broader historical context to verify if your understanding is legit or not is intellectual lazy . A wize man once said, "Whatever floats your goat , ain't necessarily a boat"
@@sarahfunaki3884 struck a nerve did he ? Ya not east african we already knew that tho next !
AFRICAN AMERICANS BEEN SAYING THIS SHIT FOREVER SMFH … WEIRD HOW IT TAKES A WHITE PERSON TO SAY IT FOR YOU PEOPLE TO FINALLY “GET IT” 🤦🏽♂
Well said.
Very interesting conversation. Thank you.
Very interesting. Good talk and a very lovely cat.i
Ain’t gonna lie... this some good stuff. Thanks brother.
thank you!
Thanks!!!
Are you sure that this invisible line of discrimination is a product of Europeans? Why nobody takes a look at the Arab contribution to this folks division? I m personally trying to learn objectively about history, and PC mea culpa don't seem appropriate...
The europeans pretty much were farmers until the moors invaded spain and held it for 700 years.
Theres a reason they all turned to war at the same time
Arabs didn’t start the transatlantic slave trade nor did they colonize the continent. The Arab slave trade merely exported goods it did not politically redefine the lives of billions of people.
@@houseofvenusMD That's not the point! Arabs walked slave highways even before the roman empire, they weren't yet Arabs. They did never lose their tracks, to this day, with their confiscation of passports of labor forces from Asia and Africa. Europeans didn't need to buy people to work their lands in their dwelling countries, and Christiandom forbode that. Arabs, instead, developed the markets for businessmen mostly Europeans across the Atlantics, but, at the same time, they let Zanzibar thrive for other reasons ( Petra of Delos, major slave markets at their heyday were exhausted, so they felt the urge to create new markets) as opposed to Agadir, open to the Americas...
@@massimosquecco203 Wow what a huge historical error. Obviously you haven't read much first hand Spanish or Portuguese accounts. I recommend you read Bartolomeu de las Casas's "A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies" (1552). In it he details how the natives were treated as Prelapsarian and thus could not be enslaved, but the pope had declared blacks fit for enslavement because they were not Christian and also not Prelapsarian (i.e. blacks lived in the "Old World"). I suggest you read some more first hand accounts before we continue this discussion. Christianity forbids slavery as much as Islam does -- you can enslave anyone that is not a believer. In the historical record, Muslims actual follow this rule better than Christians. For example: Afonso I of Kongo had his entire court converted to Catholicism and the Portuguese promptly began kidnapping his family members once they weren't receiving enough slaves by other means.
edit: autocorrect changed Afonso I to Alfonso I
@@houseofvenusMD ..and I return you the courtesy advising Th Cookbook of Marta Stewart as reading material!
I m compelled to assume you are a US American Citizen, seeing your rudeness and, above all, the typical tendency to derail the topic of discussion, and trying to pull the audience on your interests grounds, or eventual goals.
Once again: the subject was the Barrier between people from Sub-Sahara and the Mediterranean overseas, which means European countries, NoNoNo Americanos.
I came to you because of empathy: Your book seems about Spaniards trafficking human lives, isn't it? Isabella di Castiglia and Ferdinando d'Aragona were the sovereigns who let Christopher discover the new Indias, and also the first rulers who controlled Spain after the departure of the Arabs. In all honesty, what kind of infrastructures, discoveries and markets could they establish
Very informative discussion 👏 👌
Someone tell me where I can find this map
The idea of Sub-Saharan is nuts when you think about it. modern Humans came out of Africa and for some reason the ones that remained somehow did not explore other regions. Madness.
Firstly the Sahara wasn't always a desert and the amount of genetic diversity on that continent is mindblowing.
You can't get such diversity without people moving around from region to region over thousads of year, plus the Nile is still there.
African history is the only history that's political.
So how would you distinguish between two different Africans from completely separate regions of the continent with completely different features not knowing the exact country they came from if both individuals were named Mohammed and I wanted to know which Mohammed you were talking about ? Lol 😆
doesn’t matter what people or place of the world you’re referencing History, politics and religion are inseparable.. I challenge you to describe the history of any civilization without mentioning something political
@@njandrews4105 Sahara barrier is not a political thing or a social construct😂
@@rififienforce did I imply that it was ??..dip 💩
That’s, right, I have always said that the term “sub Saharan “ is a racist term, designed to elevate the people who originated from Turkey and Syria who now reside in the Northern part of the continent.It’s another black put down term concocted by the dirty dog “classic “ western scholars.
Your absolutely right we from Ethiopia know the truth as well but war and poverty keeping us from maintaining the world history !
Just so you’re clear the term Ethiopian in ancient times meant many dark skinned Africans not just u guys