The Simple Discovery That Let Us Fly Faster Than the Speed of Sound
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- čas přidán 12. 10. 2017
- Breaking the sound barrier is considered one of the greatest achievements of aviation, but how exactly did we manage to fly faster than sound?
'Sonic Boom' Of Light Captured For The First Time Ever - • 'Sonic Boom' Of Light ...
For more epic stories of innovation that shaped our future, check out www.theageofaerospace.com
Read More:
Gen. Chuck Yeager Describes How He Broke The Sound Barrier
www.popularmechanics.com/fligh...
The Bell XS-1 No. 1 streaked past the speed of sound that morning without too much fanfare-broken ribs notwithstanding. And when the Mach indicator stuttered off the scale barely 5 minutes after the drop from our mother B-29, America entered the second great age of aviation development.
Ultrafast Camera Captures 'Sonic Booms' of Light for First Time
www.seeker.com/an-ultrafast-c...
"Just as aircraft flying at supersonic speeds create cone-shaped sonic booms, pulses of light can leave behind cone-shaped wakes of light. Now, a superfast camera has captured the first-ever video of these events."
Can You Survive Breaking The Sound Barrier?
www.seeker.com/can-you-surviv...
"When an object moves through the atmosphere, it has to move the air molecules in front of it out of the way. As objects approach the speed of sound, air forms a "pressure wave" around the object. In order to exceed the speed of sound, it has to pierce that pressure wave, which can be heard by observers on the ground as a sonic boom."
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You guys sure are getting your money’s worth out of that “airflow over a wing” graphic
OH HELL YEAH WE ARE.
The logic behind it is a fallacy, the air does not accelerate to meet the flow at the end. Bernoulli's principle says that if the cross section get's smaller (think of the top part of the wing as 'half a tube') the flow will accelerate and therefore the static pressure will drop. This difference in pressure between the lower part of the wing and the top part, is what creates lift. Along with washout from beneath the wing due to Newton's third law of motion.
That wing as shown blows.
Trace Dominguez Savage
You are one of the few people to finally understand how the aerodynamics of a wing work. I believe the numbers are 80-90% of lift is due to Bernoulli's principle and 10-20% due to Newton's third law. The air speeding up on the top of the wing is a very common misconception that is still taught today.
The main change that allowed faster than sound flight wasn't the swept wing, but the "flying tail". On sub-sonic planes, a hinged portion of the elevator and rudder move. It was found during the experiments with the X1 that if the entire elevator and rudder were made to move instead of a hinged part, control could be maintained as the plane passed through the speed of sound.
88dukecoupe that crucial information was given to the USA by the UK with the Miles M52 program having already solved the problem. The USA then made the UK govt shut down the program so they could be first to break the sound barrier.
The X-1 had straight wings and still broke the sound barrier.... the two biggest innovations that allowed for controllable supersonic flight are the stabilator and area ruling.
Yeah, I think both area rule and swept wings really benefit "high subsonic" flight. (Which is where the majority of "supersonic" aircraft cruise.) Once you're going fast enough that the whole plane is experiencing supersonic airflow, what good is either one?
rocket engine vs jet engine only after US stole the jet engine from germans they manage to advance that x-1
DanielC
"Stole?!" We PAID for that, son. In blood. "To the victor, go the spoils of war." And we won.
russia won :)
DanielC
Tell me AGAIN about the imposing Soviet navy of WWII? Oh yeah, that's right: they DIDN'T HAVE ONE. (Not one worth speaking of, at any rate.) And all those Soviet bombers, bombing refineries to rubble? (Again, USSR lacked a heavy bombing campaign worthy of the name.) And you're aware there was an ENTIRE THEATER of WWII that the Russkies fought in, for like, a weekend? (There's this island nation called "Japan," you see...)
Granted, Ivan made a mean army (albeit one fed with USA food, mechanized with USA trucks, firing USA weapons...need I go on?), that fought in ONE of TWO theaters of war. But, one of three (land, sea, air) in one of two theaters (Europe and Asia) does NOT constitute "winning the war."
(Ivan certainly won the raping contest hands-down, though. Not even meth-addled Jap troops could compete!)
That asymmetrical beardie's triggered my OCD... If I try to trim the monitor again, *you're* explaining that to my shrink!
+alex zoidberg
New Message
@New Message, New Notification**
hahahahahahah
< < < < < < < | > > > >
there. perfectly centered. =]
why would you point that out?!
"7 years ago, October 1947."
Not sure that's how it works
3:12 Hopefully a vid without CZcams buffering or lag in general lol
3... 2... 1... Warp speed!
I was at Wright Patt Airfiece base on September 11th during the attacks in 2001. Jets were supposedly ordered to break the sound barrier over the city (Dayton, OH). Probably would have been pretty cool except everyone was in a huge panic at the moment and it sounded like we were being bombed.
Are sonic booms created by the "speed of sound" or the "sound of speed?" Think about it...
speed of sound
Its a joke, in case you didn't get it.
Master Therion speed is a quantity.. The cringe...
Hits blunt*
I guess both
It would be interesting to see what machine learning can do with aeroplane design.
Happy to see you Julian... Finally you are back...
DNews
trace here for DNews
Alexander Carlson Lee lmao
*s E e k e R*
The USA nicked the jet technology from the UK
ok
THE BEST EXPLANATION I have ever heard. I'm 30yo and finally understand why there's a BOOM
Crazy to think in over a hundred years we have went from a plane made from bike parts and went about as far as a football field to flying faster than sound and getting into space. Science is fucking awesome !
My favorite speed story is the fighter jet that fired its guns at something straight ahead and was going so fast it caught up to its own bullets and actually shot itself down. Doh!
Swept wings increase the effective wing width in the same way angling armor on tanks creates ‘thicker’ armor; the hypotenuse rather than the straight edges.
I would like to see an everyday car go faster than sound
wouldn't that make it...not..an everyday car?
It would still be an everyday car if every other everyday car can do it too.
Also, while that would decrease travel time it would also be incredibly inefficient and increase travel costs. Cost is the true barrier to travel, not speed.
That is impossible as everyday cars have tyres. Rubber can’t handle that much stress as we can see with the Bugatti Chiron with the top speed limited to the tyres. The bloodhound ssc uses aluminum wheels, but has no need for rubber tyres as the propulsion is coming from a jet not an axle
If you were to replace the tires with some other material or means of propulsion that were able to withstand the stresses associated with going so fast, and then produce that design in large enough quantities that it became "everyday" you would then have an everyday car that could go faster than the speed of sound.
that's a stupid idea. Stay in school for better future ideas.
2:15 wings do not fundamentally work by the Bernoulli effect as described, for else the Wright brother flat wing plane could not have flown, nor any aircraft fly inverted. Yes that creates a little lift, but not the majority. Instead the wing is at an angle (the angle of attack) and the air underneath is directed downwards. By Newton's 3rd Law that means the wing experiences a lift upwards to conserve momentum. The top of the wing is curved to help the airflow adhere to the shape, the Coanda effect, and eventually come off the back of the wing also with a downwards component, thus creating some more lift. This smooth upper surface shape prevents air breaking off the wing surface as eddies of turbulence . See czcams.com/video/aFO4PBolwFg/video.html . Aircraft when they take off do so with the fuselage at an angle thus increasing the angle of attack (we are all aware that passenger jets do not take off with fuselage remaining horizontally parallel with the ground). To help with lift at take off and when coming in to land, flaps are deployed to help direct airflow even more downwards, thus generating extra lift at slower speeds. Planes that can maintain inverted flight (engines have to work with oil, fuel and fuel pumps operating inverted and wings need structural strength to support weight in opposite direction to normal) do so by keeping the fuselage at an angle. static.rcgroups.net/forums/attachments/1/7/5/6/5/ai21754162-140-thumb-Inverted%20flight.jpg?d=1205073198
Good to see someone knows the truth haha. The other blunder they made in this video was saying that the shockwaves form over airfoils because of the air increasing in speed over the top of the airfoil. Although it is true that the air increases in speed, the increase is insignificant when compared to the speed of sound through air. The true reason is that the speed of sound actually decreases instead, this is because the rapid decrease in air density causes a decrease in air temperature.
I was looking for this comment, nice :D
They didn´t...
Well said. Anybody who has seen the cross section of an F-104 Starfighter wing knows that Bernoulli is optional for flight.
Well, also the curved shape of the wing effects the air molecules above it. Via the coandereffect air flows around the shape of the wing and that creates a centrifugal force, that pushes the airmolecules away from the wing and creates a lower pressure region above it.
Artificial islands seem very farfetched at the moment, but with many opportunities for shallow waters to be built upon in the Pacific, this idea may become common practice in years to come.
I've never seen a straight 2x4🤔
That's a magical journey from old days aeroplane to today's jet
Area Rule!!! Ive been trying to remember that all day, and nobody has mentioned that in any of their really dumbed down video school projects. thanks Everythingman.
2:55
I live only 2 1/2 miles from the runway of an AFB, and let me tell you this. When an f-16 takes off, you hear it. when an f-22 takes off, you don't hear it. When an f-35 takes off, your windows rattle and you hit the deck. Last airshow i went to had the f-35 as its main event. On takeoff the sound is so insanely loud it feels like you're being punched by it continuously. But once it gets up to speed and turns the afterburner off, it's oddly quiet.
70 years ago they said breaking the speed of sound was not possible. Now we can go faster than that, it means that going faster than the speed of light will be possible in the future
The title is misleading. The Bell X-1, the first manned aircraft to break the sound barrier, had straight wings. It’s possible to break the sound barrier with straight wings; it’s just better to sweep the wings back.
I couldn’t explain it worse even if I tried.
lolol it works for the masses
Sound barriers are made of cat intestines and we struggled to fly through them because of God
There you go I just explained it worse. Guess you're not that smart.
It was, unfortunately, a terrible explanation.
Yeah
Sound barrier was/is a misnomer because at that time we knew bullets were supersonic. That's why the bell X1 is shaped like a bullet
THANK YOU! for doing your own voice work rather than cheapening out with a robo voice.
Good job more stuff like this please.
Does a sonic boom only happen at the moment the sound barrier is broken? Or once the sound barrier is broken is there like a constant boom to all observers?
Lukeamania constant
So it's just a matter of when the shockwave of the boom reaches you.
Lukeamania yes, once you hear the boom the sound waves you here just sound like a loud plane, the boom hits you with enough energy to feel it through your whole body.
I'd love a video about forward-swept wings. Wings that are facing forward rather than backward.
Breaking the speed of light might become routine someday for space travel.
Chuck was the 2nd person through the sound barrier. HIs record has been updated to say "faster than sound in level flight".George Welch just beat him to it. However he was a test pilot in the top secret XP-86 Sabre. So it was not claimed at the time.
Now we have to beat the light barrier
Wings don't fundamentally work that way. The hugely popular theory of lift generated by the bernoulli principle aka equal time argument is wrong. Lift is generated by two factors:
1. The coanda effect.
2. Newtons third law
The Coanda Effect:
Any liquid or gas traveling along a curved surface will try to remain next to said surface (coanda effect), this causes a curvature of the air is it travels above and below the wing. Knowing that pressure on the outside of a curved flow is less, we can explain how this leads to drag as follows:
The air curves convex relative to the wing on top and concave relative to the wing on the bottom, this means that pressure decreases the closer you get towards the top of the airfoil from far above and increases the closer you get to the bottom from far below, this difference in pressure generates lift.
Newtons third law:
Air hits the wing and transfers its momentum, pushing it and generating lift; newtons third law in action. In other terms, lift is a force, f=ma and a = deltaV over deltaT. Velocity has a speed AND direction, the curvature of the wing makes the air turn and therefore changes it's velocity even without a change in speed. Since the velocity has changed over a given time, there must be an acceleration and therefore a force is applied, the force is also the lift.
Finally, although air over the top of an airfoil does go faster than over the bottom, the difference is so minute and insignificant when compared to the 343 m/s speed of sound through air. The real reason shockwaves form isn't because of the air going faster (although that does happen, again not because of the bernoulli principle but rather the coanda effect), but because the LOCAL speed of sound drops because of the decrease in air temperature caused by the rapid decrease in air density.
I think it's correct to describe the bernoulli principle more as a secondary effect, but one which is still considered when analyzing wing design and performance.
I'm glad we have intelligent people in the comment thread😅
I just contradicted your statement 26 minutes ago. My apologies !
Coanda effect is laminar flow, fluid following the curvature. Bernullies principle is local pressure drop due to increased fluid velocity. Both contribute to generating lift. Newton's third law, the way you explained it would contribute to drag. The lift formula, does not contain that variable.
As a model enthusiast of RC gliders 10 yrs ago, I picked up a book titled:"Composite Construction For Home Built Aircraft" by Jack Lambie , forwarded by Dr Peter Lissaman PHD Aerospace Eng. Best description of how lift is generated by an airfoil starts Chapter on Page 3. Quoting: "Lift: Wings sustain an airplane by accelerating air downward"
"Bernoullis theory only describes the secondary effect of how the forces are transferred to the wing" Earlier in the paragraph he writes how FAA manuals use the classic description of how air moves further over the top of the airfoil than the bottom, travels faster and thereby generates a region of low pressure drawing the wing up ! He then states that many pilots can't understand how an airplane fly's upside down, or why an under cambered airfoil produces more lift than one with a flat bottom. Anyway, I thought this was the best text I have read on the theory of flight. If you have studied physics or completed any engineering modules with statics and vectors, understanding the principle of accelerating air downward is quite straight forward.
So, the most practical example of lift generation is holding a tea spoon under a running tap of water. When you move the curved side of the spoon into the stream, the change of direction to the flow of water around the spoons curvature results in an acceleration, generating a "lift vector" perpendicular to the water flow. The spoons reaction in the water stream is similar to the behavior of an airfoil in flight. Of course the difference being in medium type, and where water is non compressible unlike air.
A break in the speed of light.
When don't personally have to beat it, but, Gravity.
Love that channel ❤️❤️
Beyond the sweep of the wings, the other major development that allows flight faster than the speed of sound is the movable tail surface.
As speed increases, the original method of putting control surfaces at the rear of the tail planes didn't work. The leading edge of the tail surface caused a separation of the air stream, and it didn't reform until well behind the control surface. Making the entire tail surface pivot was a major step in resolving this issue.
The best new innovation in "flight" is to break the light-speed barrier. I'm not ignorant of physics. But this a wave thing... smarter minds than my own will hopefully figure this out.
The trail off their wings makes a lot of sense now
China I-plane is designed with two set of wings.The reversed forward swept wings and delta wings has a better lift and less drag from sonic boom.The I-plane uses two turbo-scram jet engines to reach mach 6 speed.Typed Wang Zhenguo and VLRAAM into your computer to find mare information on Chia s 6th generation airplanes.The PL-21 VLRAAM that flies at mach 6 speed is based on the turbo-scram jet engine.
This was a very interesting video
Nice cliffhanger at the end, but I doubt we'll go faster than light before I die 😉
Just remember this, back then people thought the speed of sound was impossible to break. We broke it. Now we think the speed of light is impossible to break. Lets see what happens
If thats the case then, how come the Bell X-1, the F-104 and the X-15 went supersonic WITHOUT SWEPT WINGS?
Both f104 and x15 have swept wings, also the bell x-1 needed a lot of thrust behind it to reach Mach. Having a swept wing helps reaching supersonic regime but it doesn't mean that given enough thrust (and wing strength) a plane can't reach mach
The one thing left out on this video pertains to the X-1. It was highly inefficient for transonic flight. The dirty air made it uncontrollable until they changed from a standard rudder to an all-moving tailplane instead of traditional elevators. It was still a brute-force solution, but it worked.
Because those that did the research for this video have no fucking idea what they are talking about.
Spanwise flow does happen, but only at lower speeds. It was a big problem in the early jet age. Early MIGs had wing fences to combat the problenms fo spanwise flow (yes, they tried to prevent it)
Look up wingsweep on wikipedia if you want to get started on learning it properly
0:49
Plane going faster than the speed of sound? Looks like speed of light.
2:20 in -- I thought the air went SLOWER over the top of the wing (further to travel over that hump), and the air underneath went faster, thus causing a partial vacuum which air even further underneath rushed in to 'fill' that partial vacuum thus giving Lift.
Oh shit my man crazy eyes got glasses! Looks good
“ Straight as a two by four”? Never heard of that saying. Great video tho. Thanks keep up the really nice work..
under normal subsonic flow, air flow rate increases as flow cross section area decreases. No issue there, it's just conservation of mass flow. So this mean if you increase the angle of attack at subsonic speed, lift increases. However, in super sonic flow, the relationship between flow cross section area and flow rate is actually reverse, IE: powider flow cross section actually lead to faster flow rate. This in term translate to if you increase the angle of attack at super sonic flow, the lift actually decrease instead of increase.
Since most plane control surface operate based on this angle of attack principle, this mean when a plane enter super sonic flight, all its control surface's force vectors are actually reversed. Imagine you're a pilot, at super sonic flight speed, you would actually need to tilt your airplane downward in order to fly up, pretty counter intuitive. Similar inversion also happen to pitch, roll and yaw control surface.
Since airplane don't transition from full subsonic to full super sonic at a sharp cut off, what you have is transsonic flight. Where an airplane has part of its flight surface in subsonic speed while other part in super sonic speed. This mean part of your flight surface has reverse control while other flight surface have regular control. It's incredible hard for a pilot to maintain control of the airplane during transonic flight without using computerized flight control. A lot of early test pilot actually died because they stay in this "unstable" transonic flight for too long.
You did not talk about the amazing double funnel design of supersonic jet engines
That last point - Yeah, what is going to be commonplace in just 70 years...?
This give hope for near light speed travel
I thought there was a change in the elevators (moving the whole wing)... and that was the key. Maybe that was just to control the plan past the sound barrier.
So beautiful, almost like poetry
Now we need to travel faster than light
Great job, science dude!
But are they as fast as my internet?
Continual Improvement are they as fast as my fart
Continual Improvement 1 Mbps?
3:10 - "It makes you wonder what other things that seem impossible today will be routine in the future."
Answer: Interplanetary and even interstellar travel. The theoretical physics is in place to make alcubierre drives a potential. Engineers have a lot of work ahead of them, but some estimates show that consumer class alcubierre drives could be possible in the next 100 years. If that is in fact possible, we could all be hauling butts place to place at dozens or even thousands of multiples of C, and since we are travelling with spacetime rather than through it, we can still be home for supper.
I learn a lot in this
Another issues they had to overcome was sudden loss of control from the elevators and rudder. This was solved by the elevator and vertical stabilizer being all one piece that moved together above transonic speeds.
Seeker you blow my mind
Seeker t-shirt giveaway?
*insert original gotta go fast meme here*
and what happens with opposite design like wing sweep forward in sukhoi 47 berkut?
Educational!
Please made a video about"What will happen if we break the light barrier?".
The prescription is strong with this one.
The next speed we reach in the future would be the speed of light
In the future, we will break the light speed barrier. Sadly, all of us here today, would not be alive by then to witness this amazing event.
With our current knowledge of physics it is literally impossible to. We cannot go the speed of light because we have mass. Only massless particles can go the speed of light, like photons.
I would like to see short distance teleportation.
No wonder Trace was annoyed when someone pointed out that the diagram of a wing in flight was wrong. They presumably had already been planning to use it in 3 more videos, including this one. How many Boeing videos are you doing? And will you ever correct that graphic for any of them? The air going under the wing essentially bounces off and gets directed down. If it shot up like that, the plane would drop due to conservation of momentum. Eventually you should watch the Numberphile video that explains it. The difference in air speed that leads to a difference in air pressure does not fully explain the effect. It's enough of an explanation for your purposes, but the diagram should still be accurate enough that it could explain the other aspects.
I think we will break the lightspeed
Let's break the light barrier next
Unbelievable how far we've come in the last century... nowadays we have jets going easily Mach 2+ :D
People say that we can never break the sound barrier, they were wrong, today people say that we can never break the Light barrier, imagine what will we break tomorrow.
This video got me hyped for the changes in space travel!
Major. You don't need wings in space...
There's also no sound in space
I think he meant the way that aviation has been revolutionized, hopefully space travel will see the same advancements.
i don't know if i want that seeker T-shirt, because i'm afraid they will change their name next week lol
Light speed is next! But if we manage to figure out wormholes then maybe not.
70 years from now:
Some believed that flight faster than the speed of light was impossible. There seemed to be a light barrier and we wanted to break it
will this modification be any help to FSAs or light aircrafts?
I want to see Ramjet/Scramjets in regular use. :)
Those glasses make his eyes look comically large
so is breaking the light barrier going to be this easy one day. I hope so
yeager was not the first human to break the sound barrier, George "wheaties" Welch was during test flights of the then new F-86 sabre on Oct. 1st. although not an official record, two sonic booms heard by thousands and broken windows after test flights back up this fact.
Thank you
The British Miles M25 was instrumental in helping the USA break the sound barrier
Can they like use magnets or speakers or chemicals to like drive air molecules away from the plane?
3:17 Shaved our future ? Noice
The future we might break the light barrier
Going into space with frighter jet and commercial airplanes.
Controlled bird strikes and mid air crash
lol... Is this about the blue angels and the air show last weekend? 😛
I wouldnt mind routinely smashing my cousin's sound barrier... ha...ha...ha...
Wow that was the big surprise! Basic
Aston Kutcher with glasses and beard xD
Accualy the first manned vehicle to ever travel faster than sound was an me626 IN the last months of the second world war.
I wonder how long it will be until scramjet engines become commonplace.
Next stop: flying faster than light. Don't let the physicists tell you otherwise!
Speed of light next
I'd like to travel at the speed of light