What a Dinosaur Looks Like Under a Microscope
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- čas přidán 29. 06. 2024
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We traveled to Bozeman, Montana to meet with Ellen-Thérèse Lamm who explores ancient life by studying it at the cellular level. Kallie and Ellen discuss how she does this, and what she’s learned by putting dinosaur bones under a microscope.
Check out the Museum of the Rockies - Paleohistology Lab website: www.morhistologylab.org/
Produced for PBS Digital Studios.
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They could probably sell those microscope images as abstract art to fund their research.
I immediately started looking for high-res pictures to include in my desktop background rotations, soooo yep! Sadly the museum's store isn't online yet, but I'm sending them an email to ask and will report back with findings! :)
@@thelizardofodd I would buy. If i have the funds ^^
I love how happy Kallie is throughout the video, it makes me appreciate this channel even more
There's almost an exact some comment as this in the last vid I watch...she does have some fans who really appreciate her appreciation an love for her work.
You could tell the woman was flattered by having a fan. Neat video. Those bone section would look nice framed on a wall.
I love watching scientists talk about their work. There's just a little glow in their eye and you can tell how excited they are about what they're doing. It's like a painter showing off their gallery.
Is that okay tho? I was thinking of the same thing but worried about copyright stuff.
Her happy little shoulder shimmy was cute. :)
Kallie's dinosaur shirt is so adorable, oh my goodness
"I've recently traveled to Hoth, I mean uh Bozeman, Montana" xD I loved the starwars reference
I live in Bozeman. Its not too far off.
I’m surprised they even mentioned it since they’re based out of Missoula.
I can feel it. We're getting closer and closer to the requested episode about the evolution of the egg (ALL kinds of eggs)
Two years later and they only have "How the egg came first"
@@masterofpureawesome another 2 years later and still nothing
I'm an Histotechnician and this is amazing. My question is, how do they dye the final cut?? The photographs are beautiful, how many staining techniques do they implement??
i absolutely love the host. her joy and enthusiasm just make me binge watch everything pbs eons has to offer
Please do a video on the evolution of tetrapods!!! There's so much to cover you could do a miniseries, from the evolution of early tetrapodomorphs like Tiktaalik to the diversification of more advanced tetrapods in the Carboniferous and Permian periods.
binky2819 rt
This on-going miniseries touches on tetrapod evolution quite extensively - czcams.com/video/AXQP_R-yiuw/video.html
Here's my short history lesson: We're all fish. The end.
I have questions about Tiktaalik.
binky2819 How about a video on the evelution of taradactals. Wait they can't because no one knows.
Definitely do more of these visits, this was educational and magical! #PBSEONSISLOVE
Make a series of videos about how different animals branched out of their groups, you've already made something like that with turtles and whales. I would like one about the Ratita, the Crocodilians or the Chiroptera to be the next
You misspelled Rattata, Totodile and Chikorita.
Gwydda You are right, but I actually meant Doduo, Totodile and Zubat
Is there a way I can buy a dinosaur cell poster? Possible DFTBA merch?
I want a T-Rex metatarsal tie.
That's pretty amazing stuff. It's crazy that paleohistology is even possible. Though Hank has conditioned me with scishow talk show to expect an awesome interview to be followed by a prehensile-tailed porcupine or something like that. #KemosabeIsAnAlien
You know what amazes me about this paleo-stuff type of science: you can't study something without effectively destroying it. In physics or math, you can approach everything untouched, as if for the first time. In archaeology or paleontology, you kind of have to destroy things to study them. If you grind down bone to make a thin section, for example, you have to hope you aren't grinding away the most interesting bit. There can only ever be one scientist who sections something for the first time.
Janis Cortese Uhm, there are techniques like computer tomography and magnetic resonance tomography etc. which can let you look inside objects without destroying them. I think scishow recently talked about similar actual applications in their “archaeopteryx can fly” or sth video
Eventually though, you wind up sectioning things or else digging them up. Even getting them out of the ground is a pseudo-destructive process.
If you argue that way, even in physics you can influence an object by the act of measuring, as in the Heisenberg uncertainty principle in quantum physics or in a simpler context in sonar detection etc.
Ian Golding Before we had those fancy technologies we had to physically open up the fossils to see inside. And we've been studying fossils for hundreds of year now, and that technology has only been around for a very short amount of time.
Plus, fossils are only ever found by chance, so we might end up accidentally damaging one while digging through rock.
And in physics you don't risk damaging something or losing valuable evidence by physically measuring something. Some ancient species have been described from only a single known fossil specimen. If we lost those we would lose all the physical evidence that exists for those creatures. Something like that can't happen in physics.
I dont get why you're taking Janis' comment so literally, it was clear what was meant.
binky2819 An example of this is Spinosaurus. It was discovered by a German Paleontologist during WWII and for the longest time it's only known fossils had been destroyed during an Allied Bombing raid on Berlin.
Coming from a physics mindset, the ontology of this "life stuff" is what interests me the most, and so examination of the earliest possible DNA would greatly interest me.
Even in the utmost perfect conditions, DNA cannot be preserved for longer than about 6 million years, so it's basically impossible to study the DNA of ancient life, and certainly not possible for anything older than 6 million years. And it's very rare for something to even fossilize in the first place, and if it does, we're lucky if the entire body is preserved. And even in the things that do fossilize, most of the time it's the animals' hard parts like bones or shells. It's _even rarer_ for soft parts to be preserved. And then it's a matter of actually finding it in the rocks by being in the right place at the right time.
+binky2819
You're unfortunately right. Even 6 million years is a bit of a stretch for the amount of time DNA can conserve and so we are reliant on theoretical constructions about the chemical origins of DNA and RNA if we want to study its origins.
For anyone interested, the Urey/Miller experiment of some fame is one such construction and "The RNA World-Hypothesis" is one particularly insightful ideas on the origins of DNA.
Andrew Palfreyman Which reminds me. 1972. Biology 100,the professor was pretty remarkable. One of his pet phrases was,ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny. I see no reason to change that,he is correct as far as I can recollect. Cheers.
What a pleasant surprise of an episode. Well done,
Thanks ;)
Heyo this is the job I want and someone finally made a video
Sam M.
Good luck!
I loved this video and would love to see more interviews with paleontologists and other researchers in the lab.
It’s really great to see the methodology behind the research and to see the human face of current paleontology by allowing us to see real people working passionately!
This is probably my favorite episode of one of my all-time favorite channels ever! Thank you all for the time and dedication you put into each segment you share!
inCREDIBLE how beautiful it is that we can see that much from life over 65 million years old
Could you make an episode about the rise and fall of amphibians? I've heard crocodiles replaced them, but why were they inferior? Or have crocodiles taken over only after the permian mass extinction? And why are amphibians less diverse than reptiles? Thank you
Evolution is complicated. Amphibians are not "inferior". They were not replaced by "crocodiles" or anything else. Amphibians and crocodiles cohabit in many ecosystems. Crocodiles did not "take over". I recommend reading "The Blind Watchmaker" by Richard Dawkins for a superior overview of evolutionary science.
Fraser Henderson Sorry, I meant the big temnospondyl amphibians which competed against crocodiles. They had the same mode of life and habitat
Very cool!! I'd love to see more interviews like this! Seeing right into the lab where the discoveries are made is just so awesome.
The thumbnail is so beautiful!
Please could you make a video about fossils. How they are made, different ways of fossilization, and finally what are the right conditions to preserve them.
What an absolutely amazing CZcams channel. Hats off to you guys. Probably the best scientific/info channel on the internet. Keep doing exactly what you are doing!
My favourite channel on CZcams! Thank you!
Thank you so much for asking about a website for further information!!! Please keep asking this question to these professionals! Even if they don't have as complete a resource anything similar would be really awesome to have for viewers interested in the subject!
the part i am most curious about would be field work. how do you act on the fiel, what parameters you need to follow, what to do in certain situations. how to differentiate between a random rock and a bone, where to go searching in the first place. all that kind of stuff.
I love seeing their passion, both the host and the scientist. You have to have passionate people to study something so difficult to find, prepare, and interpret.
Wow, this was such an excellent video, in large part because Dr. Ellen-Thérèse Lamm presented as an awesome educator. All explanations given very clearly, backed up by good props! I'm hoping we'll see her again soon.
Thanks guys for the amazing and interesting content ! I have learned so much in the last few days watching your videos ,always a pleasure. :)
I love your style of communication. It's so collaborative.
Excellent as always! Have enjoyed your shows ever since the start of the series so much! Look forward to more fascinating episodes in the future.
Please do make more videos like this!! It makes Eons so much more interesting 🤩
It's true, you learn something new every day! Keep teaching this old biology teacher. Material like this helps me keep my knowledge and my courses fresh and interesting for my students.
The most fascinating thing i've seen in weeks. I have so many questions for Dr. Lamm.
My favorite PBSEons video to date! It's so interesting and engaging 😃
I love this channel! Never stop making these!
I love these videos. You are doing a great job.
Way cool. Awesome contribution to our understanding.
OMG, Science Journal is epic!! Thank you for sharing that!!
Great video! I learned a lot. Dr Lamm really knows her stuff!
Love these videos, the enthusiasm is so infectious! Not that I need infecting on this subject..
So, so beautiful episode! What a great professional!
this is amazing! i was just thinking about this the other day.
i am learning so very much in here.
I had no idea that this kind of work was being done. Very interesting things going on thanks so much for what you folks do. As well as educating those of us who are interested.
Agree on images as framed art but with written explanation of what the image is. Could be a hit. Fascinating video. Thanks.
I used to go to that museum all the time as a kid. Great place, and always seems to be a new exhibit.
Great episode with the two best possible people to present it.
Great video, and amazing interview! ^^ Super well done. I would love to hear anything and everything about evolutionary paleonthology. And paleo ecology or genetics too for that matter. Will stay posted on your vids ahead!
I thought I recognized that skeletal display outside of the museum! Montana ❤️❤️
That was extremely fascinating. Thanks again for the video.
I'd love to see a video or two on something in paleomycology. Incidentally, it's the area I want to specialize in for my graduate studies and career, so I'm partial to fungi. There's plenty of interesting stuff in regards to the evolutionary history of fungi though there's a lot we don't know, since few people study them in the fossil record. I like the idea of a video on co-evolution of mycorrhizal fungi and early land plants, or the idea of fungal evolutionary lag allowing for the large accumulations of coal in the Carboniferous (recently found to not be possible, but debated for a long time). An episode about the Chemnitz Petrified Forest, Rhynie Chert, or other terrestrial lagerstätten would be neat, too.
Thought provoking episode. One of my favorites, for sure.
From the time I was a small child I have been utterly fascinated by dinosaurs...what they looked like...their behavior...what they sounded like...even what they smelled like lol. There is something so magical about all the different "earths" that have existed over deep time. The kid in me will always imagine visiting all those extinct worlds. LOVE YOUR CHANNEL:)
oh i LOOOVE this video!! really shows a whole new perspective on how fossils are studied
This is why PBS is amazing thank you!
30 years old seems young, I would have guessed sauropods lived to be well over 50 given their size
I'm sure that is just what they have found until now, there is no way their lifespan was that short, at least in the biggest sauropods, no animal species that grow so much have short lifespans, elephants, whales , turtles , fish and sharks, even the dinosaurs closest relatives like birds and crocodiles live a very long time and the bigger they are the longer they live like parrots, albatrosses and condors. The only exception i can think of are some mollusks like octopuses and squid whose lives are surprisingly short but then again you also have some clams that can live for more than 400 years.
Well, you also have to consider how harsh life was back then i imagine very few dinosaurs died of old age. Also note that she was specifically referring to samples in her collection. So while it's likely they did live longer, she'd need to have the fossil and decide to prepare a slide from it. Paleontology has a bit of a luck factor in that regard.
Kenny Martin Life wasn't any more harsh back then than it is now, meteors and mass extinctions was an extremely small part of the earth's history in between that there were times of plenty that fueled the evolution of the biggest land animals that ever walked the earth, you don't get that big without an overabundance of vegetation , and like many animals today for example the blue whale and elephant once you reach a certain size you have NO natural predators.
CMZ neu but the thing is, even at adult size sauropods had predators which would be a something to worry about. Also most baby's sauropods didn't even survive to their first birthday and the ones that did still had years of growing to do without getting eaten which until they got to a certain size they could do basically nothing about. Also droughts would kill a lot of sauropods due to malnourishment and during droughts predators wouldn't find it hard to pick one of. If they could live past thirty, it would't be very common.
Dinosaurs lived fast and died young. It was their physiology. Now they're more diverse, with parrots living a human length lives.
Thanks for the tour!
This is amazing, the amount of information that can be deduced from just a thin slice of fossilized bone!
very cool video, it expanded my mind a bit. thank you!
Thank you for making awesome content and finding cool resources, often I find myself looking into what's presented. Again, thanks!
I always enjoyed histology pictures, but knowing there are even some of dinosaurs... Wow, I need some as Wallpaper. Thank you for sharing!
Awesome video, really enjoyed that.
I’d love a video on Australian mega forna, especially the giant carnivorous hopping marsupials. Love your work xxxxx
I might like to see a video that explores how my favorite avian dinosaurs, the penguins, evolved. The coolest part was their transition from sky to sea. 🐧
I'd like to learn more about how dinosaurs and early mammals cared for their young.
I really like this channel. Keep up the great work!
That was a great video, absolutely amazing !
That's top work, well done and thanks.
Excellent episode.
thank you so much for making these excellent videos,
Brilliant episode! I bet you could sell those images as wallpapers.
Love the new format!
This is so cool! It’s a shame that they have to (more or less) destroy the bone to study it, though. Hopefully as technology continues to advance, we won’t have to do that anymore
Matthew K
The digital data could potentially out last the fossil itself.
Assuming we don't destroy ourselves any time soon, we should experience a cultural shift within the next couple hundred years where digitization is the morally responsible course of action and failure to do so will be looked upon with a negative bias. How many fossils and relics have been lost to disasters both natural and at the hands of humanity? Digitalization is an inevitable future on our current civil trajectory.
+Upcycle Electronics While I agree, preserving the physical specimen is also very important, if for no other reason than that new scientific techniques may allow us to study different aspects of the fossil, especially on a microscopic level. Given that we can't predict exactly what these techniques might _be_ preserving the original fossil in as close to pristine condition is important. (Not that I object to the kind of work the scientist in the video was doing.)
@@merrymachiavelli2041 It's not out of the question to digitize the microsopic details of a fossil. While it may be somewhat beyond current technology, it's certainly not very far away.
Great stuff folks. Keep em coming.
I love how paleontologists have technology like this, this means that we can have a clearer look on how prehistoric animals grew and lived
Didn't know about Science Journal, sounds pretty cool! Other than that, this was a fantastic interview, it's crazy to think they cut into fossils with a saw and grinder, and even crazier when you see all they learn from it :-)
This channel is amazing.
Amazing the level of information that is retained over millions of years.
2:08 Wow that's actually an excellent observation!
YAAASSS! Im a paleohistology student and Ellen is awesome. BHOFT is like a bible. Excellent episode!
Really love the videos😁
Now THAT'S an interesting job. Thanks for sharing!
Paleohistology is my jam!
I've been to the MOR musuem. Best and fun museum.
How old is the oldest non-fossilized bones/organic tissues? I know we have frozen Mammoth tissues etc that are have survived for 10k years or so. But how old is the oldest where we can actually find original tissue?
(pretty hard to google since every freaking page talks about nothing but fossils as in the replacement crystallized structure.
While DNA and most organic compounds quickly degrade with time there are some reported surviving protein fragments embedded in otherwise mineralized fossils. Some of which are reportedly of late Mesozoic age thus if true could take the title.
Look up "Nodosaur fossil"
cool field trip!
Where did you get your dinosaur button up? I absolutely love it!!
I would love to have one of those prints to hang on my wall.
thin sections are my favorite part of geology/mineralogy
So awesome🤩
0:40
"So, let's just jump right into it!"
Wow! This is just amazing!
I'd love to see something about paleobotany - specifically how vascular plants developed and *how* plants managed to spread to land
It's amazing how mineralisation can preserve so much microscopic structure!
Although you do commit the cardinal sin of imaging and display microscopy without a clearly visible scale bar.
I agree that a scale bar would have been useful.
This channel is so good.
Really great video
I'd like a video on Stephen J. Gould's book "Wonderful Life", comparing what was known then and what's known now, to see how our knowledge of the past changes and gets richer (that book is named as an example, but an example that I really love)
Yay! I like this format, too! Thank you #PBSEons =o)
amazing science
Can you talk about the diversity and evolution of the Tyrannosauridae such as Tarbosaurus or Proceratosaurus or maybe the group of pig-like animals called the Entelodonts like Daeodon or Andrewsarchus?