Astrophysical neutrinos and how to find them - with Jenni Adams
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- čas přidán 27. 06. 2024
- The aptly named IceCube collaboration, a huge telescope buried in the crystal clear ice of Antarctica, has been running for 10 years. It’s there to detect neutrinos, an almost undetectable particle.
Watch the Q&A: • Q&A: Detecting neutrin...
Join Jenni Adams as she discusses how these neutrinos could be the key to finding some of the highest energy sources in the Universe, some a million times more energetic than our sun.
In this talk, Jenni explores how neutrinos are cosmic messengers that can travel through the Universe. Why they barely interact with anything they pass through and the precise instruments and machinery required to detect them.
Jenni Adams research is in the areas of astroparticle physics and cosmology. Astroparticle physics involves research at the interface of astronomy and particle physics. It is a synergy which operates in both directions; particle physics is applied to better understand astrophysical objects as well as using the Universe as a laboratory for high-energy physics. Jenni's interests are in both theoretical and observational aspects.
This talk was recorded on 27 January 2022.
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Correction at 08:40: The radius, not the volume of the nucleus is 1/100 000th of the atom.
yep, therefore the nuclear volume should be 10^-15 of the atom.
Fantastic, loved every minute. The 'physical aspect' of filtering out so much data to get at what's important to analyse, well, it's just so impressive. And that's neutrinos, that are so impossible to detect anway!
It was amazing! Thank you 🤓
This is fascinating! I'll be following this project to see what is learned over time, for sure!
Absolutely fascinating talk. Really enjoyed this.
Thank you for the excellent presentation, it is fascinating and instructive. I have no issues with the pace and delivery.
Mind boggling stuff. Thank you
Superb lecture.
Great to learn about the results of this experiment. I loved the graph with the flux/energy axis, with the special place for 1987A. Still wondering a little bit about the physics of refreezing those boreholes. That ice must be so clear if you can see a tiny led light up 125 meters or more away
Thank you, Jenni
Very enjoyable thanks. Great talk. Love the Casper ghost cartoon!
That was an art piece, which was labeled as spray art, so logically, I'd say that means it was done with spray cans of paint. That gives me more a sense of respect than thinking it's a cartoon, as that takes some serious talent.
Very good presentation! Questions: 1. How do we know that whatever has interacted is neutrino? While the reductionist theory of the "combination of upward trajectory + energy levels" is very good, does not it carry our bias that neutrinos can be found in those energy bands? 2. What makes neutrino interact with anything? Arent't they known not to interact with anything at all? 3. How the source of neutrino can be determined since we are measuring an event that must have had happened billions of light years before our measurement?
1. Neutrino interactions give off specific signals, go to approximately 11:50. They are looking for neutrinos in those high energy states and finding them, hence they are there. That isn't a bias, that is a discovery.
2. The physics of our universe is "what" "makes" neutrinos interact with other particles. That is akin to asking, "What makes C/d = pi?"
3. That is relativity for you. We are always looking into the past. The light from the sun arrives 8 minutes after it is emitted, does that mean that we cannot determine the location of the sun? See 32:58 for a discussion of trajectories and and 58:14 for a discussion of collaboration with other projects to confirm sources of neutrinos emissions.
Hope that helps. I encourage you to watch the video, it's quite detailed and answers all of your questions and many more far better than I. If the video is insufficient, I recommend the wiki page on neutrinos.
@@danielkanewske8473 I already watched the video and then came up with questions. I do not miss RI lectures - they are always a great source of learning!
@@solomonlalani Then I apologize. Surprising to me that you had those questions after watching the video because they are explicitly answered by the video. Honestly, I assumed you were trolling.
@@solomonlalani perhaps watch again, and make notes as you watch, as detailed as if you needed them to pass an exam. Pause to look at the graphs and images. If you find terms you don't understand fully, plug them into your favorite search engine (mine's Ecosia, not Google), and learn what they mean.
Anytime I run across one of these videos that have subjects I don't understand enough to answer my simplistic questions, this is exactly what I do. I don't just go asking random people that may not understand it much more than I do, or may just answer with trolling. I'd suggest you try this method, too.
Great presentation
Great stuff - why do I keep thinking she's recording this from space?
LOL, I'm not sure why you'd think that! I'd think someone would more logically imagine that they're down at the bottom of the Earth, at the facility where this is being done, while broadcasting this. 🤨😉
@@MaryAnnNytowl I think it reminded me of Jodie Foster in the film "Contact"!
well done
Love “photomultiplier tubes”!
Yes gamma are effected by magnetic field BUT neutrinos are lens effected by gravity fields so not straight as you show. And as they have minor mass they do not travel at light speed and are in effect two dimensional which makes there effected more by gravity and hence spacetime . Just a clear thought. Rob
The research sounds like it promises to explain a lot of cosmic ray incidents. If we detect 10s of events per year, then I'd like to increase the size of the detector. Or are there limitations on the detector size? I don't personally have a million million dollars to spend on it, but I'd vote for my country to spend some of that money.
Do you not have a satellite stationery above your artic detector to detect the neutrinos prior to observing that energy? Or is that on your wish list?
"Fantastic neutrinos and 'where' to find them". 😂 Eddie Redmayne approved! 😂 😂 🤣 🤣
Why does a higher energy (faster moving) neutrino have a greater probability of interacting with a nucleon? A counter-intuition is that by moving faster it would spend less time in the vicinity of the nucleon, reducing the chance of interaction. Is the greater probability due to the additional products made possible by the additional kinetic energy?
a higher energy neutrino has a greater probability of closely approaching the nucleus and thereby interacting
@@MyMy-tv7fd : Why would the higher energy increase the chance of the neutrino "closely approaching" the nucleus?
@@brothermine2292 Not an expert, but my understanding is that a higher energy neutrino is more likely to provide the energy needed for the creation of the intermediary particle associated with the weak force, i.e, a Z or W boson.
41:20 the Tipsy Ray
I'm just wondering. Is the ratio of atmospheric neutrinos to astrophysical neutrinos proportional to each other in any sense, and does that say anything about either of them?
Jenny: Please take peoples suggestions in a positive way. Take more time between sentences. Pacing is very critical in a one-way talk. Make sure to tell the audience what terms in the chart mean. (SNO) is the Sudbury Northern Ontario Neutrino Detector which resides in a nickel mine. Listen to your recorded talk in a month from now. Good luck. You are a brilliant scholar.
I didn't face pacing or explanation issues. Maybe some did; but at least I was fine.
@@solomonlalani also variable playback speed & pausing option on this video put the pacing and explanation issues moot. The presentation is clearly made to allow such thing, it has a chapter/bookmark marker on the seek-bar to allow easy replay, video speed option, subtitle, and pause button for viewers to go cross-check the presentation with information from elsewhere.
@17:35, why are there no Neutrinos detected around the 1eV ? Is it because that is electrons turf or something ? - Just curious, this is probably a dummy question !
Does the type of water that makes up the ice affect the results?
Not sure whether it affects results, but salt water is more dense than fresh water, so you would expect more detections in salt water than in fresh water.
I have often seen during my literature review that for astrophysical distances neutrinos are assumed to arrive at earth equally distributed in all 3 flavours. Having previously worked in neutrino oscillations and now switching over to astrophysics, this seems like a very crude assumption for me. I mean when we worked on detector neutrinos or atmospheric/solar neutrinos, we could see a huge difference in flavours and oscillations depending on the distance. Can anyone explain why that assumption is taken for astrophysical neutrinos?
Is there any hope of detecting neutrino cosmic background with Ice Cube?
1:00:00 Isn't there a delay between detecting neutrinos and detecting basically anything else because neutrinos travel in a straight line whereas other particles get bent by EM fields 🤔
They mention that around 41:00ish. Neutrinos don't get affected by various magnetic fields, but other particles do.
Nice
Tell us about Byrd.
Byrd is the word
Everybody heard about the Byrd...
Wondering why no replies or discussion for those who are not aware. Would like a more interactive video.
Reminded me of Ned Flanders calling neighborinos 🤣🤣🤣
ok, but how do you know the directions from where the neutrinos coming from...
Thanks Jenni🖖.
Everytime I come across interesting topics like these, I feel disappointed for a lack of new 'Input'. Nevertheless, it must feel much more frustrating for genuine brilliant scientists in this / these fields. Hence, allow me to forward my appreciation and excitement; You and I 'hope' for new data... so we can finally move on💚
Has anyone ever tried to add up all the neutrinos to see if that's the lost anti matter?
I think that has been considered (and ruled-out). But if I'm being honest, I don't know for sure, and at best I've heard only an offhand comment to that effect. So, I'd also be curious about a detailed treatment of that. Would someone more knowledgeable than me post a link to a paper that addressed his question, if one exists? :-)
8:28 oddly our solar system is like the atom of mostly empty space with regards to a sun nucleus and it’s heliosphere.
Scalable Aether Universe!
Neutrinos are oscillating Inertial planes.
e->~Inertial planeNeutrino
Astrophysical neutrinos and how to find them - with Jenni Adams
Can you measure the neutrino's energy?
Meaning what? They don't get measured like, for example, electricity gets measured (in volts, watts, amperage, etc.), because they don't have variations of strength, or anything like it. The only measurement is mass, which is so close to zero that it's really hard to hone in on, and they believe the various types of neutrino are only varied by how much energy flung them out from their starting point and what it takes to stop them.
For example, the kind of neutrinos from the potassium in our bodies are not able to travel through solid planets. The different kind of neutrinos from, say, a supernova, are able to do this, though. That's why the ones not from distant things in space (not from supernovae, etc) are stopped by the planet, and only neutrinos from deep space events will come in from directions where they traveled through the planet. They're different kinds.
I hope I explained it clearly.
Well the main muscle of the brown neutrinos main matter are face down but very strong working cell there not a treat but the sun will favor them in my opinion
Great update on IceCube. I would add a constructive criticism... Talk more slowly. This would give the listener time to absorb your content, and you more time to organize your thoughts. Study the timing of communicators like Carl Sagan and Neil DeGrasse Tyson.
I had to mute and put on the subtitles because of all the lip smacking.
Poor little snowflake
@@timbrown9961 A psychopath hitman could be irritated by what irritates me.
wow, signal-to-noise sucks
Sorry: interesting subject, but you need to work on the continuity of your presentation. Don’t be down about that comment. Just review it.
#1 !
Sad to see the quality of Royal Institute has degraded to such a level. Such a qualified scientist can’t deliver the talk properly that too such an interesting topic.
Leider grausame Akustik.
I don’t think they are weakly interacting. Perhaps the come about because of sets of constraints I.e. vain glory for example. The more rooted in false the stronger bond of interaction. Such as a bad idea which is highly influential though largely inappropriate becoming more yesterday as the temperature increases.
Another version is the “aha” where things are clearly understood like wisdom, however you have to be in the place of light in order to receive light as wisdom.
As far as supersymmetry I do believe it exists like day and night like dark mater dark days and flourishing days and full of light.
PhD material you are!
@@savage22bolt32 what do you mean?
@@nousernamejoshua1556 just a joke. I didn't understand anything.
Huh? What are you talking about?
@@johnduffy8746 ghosts are not very mathematical though the “footprint” left behind as traces as an “atom” changes states are mathematical.
See it was this, and now it has become this. Why?
We know they don’t ever go back to a spin down rest state after the chemical change is induced.
Biblically there is a Holy Spirit which cleanses the body.
Very interesting topic, but with all possible respect for the knowledge and competency of the lecturer, it was extremely stop-starty with sentence fragments and hesitation sounds.
Interesting Topic but very painful to listen to,,, just one Man's opinion.
Please get better audio for future videos. I'm sure the content in the videos are great but very hard to watch with such poor audio quality. Not trying to be negative, just hoping to provide some feedback.
Poor neutrinos. All that way from the Sun only to run smack gob into some detector on earth and see its life cut short. We humans are pathetic.
Good for you, you've topped yourself, Royal Institution people. Measuring a non-existent particle from non-existent space, with a telescope of dubious existence buried in a place that doesn't exist in a place, on a non-existent globe, where nobody can go to check because of a treaty! Amazing ingenuity. Enjoy your funding and your nice houses!
Jesus christ. Nobody will see you looking at your notes. No reason to say uhhh ummm annnnd. So many times. Unlistenable.
Oh dear you poor little snowflake
#1 !
Karl, you are repeating yourself.
@@savage22bolt32 you’re right. Thought it did not post first time around 🤓
@@karlpoulin3938 lol !!