Why Are They All In Antarctica?
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- čas přidán 12. 07. 2023
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Meteorite hunters don’t search for meteorites in the places most frequently peppered by them - they go to Antarctica instead, because that’s where they are easiest to find.
LEARN MORE
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To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
- ANSMET: a program funded by the Office of Polar Programs of the National Science Foundation that looks for meteorites in the Transantarctic Mountains.
- Glacier: a slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles.
- Meteorite: a meteor that survives its passage through the earth's atmosphere such that part of it strikes the ground.
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CREDITS
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Cameron Duke | Script Writer, Narrator and Co-Director
Ever Salazar | Illustration, Video Editing and Animation, and Co-Director
Nathaniel Schroeder | Music
MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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OUR STAFF
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Lizah van der Aart • Sarah Berman • Cameron Duke
Arcadi Garcia i Rius • David Goldenberg • Melissa Hayes
Alex Reich • Henry Reich • Peter Reich
Ever Salazar • Leonardo Souza • Kate Yoshida
OTHER CREDITS
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Mazapil Meteorite - James St. John
www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeol...
"Antarctica Satellite Map of Blue Ice" and "Probability of Finding Meteorites"
NASA Earth Observatory images by Joshua Stevens, using Landsat data from the U.S. Geological Survey, MODIS data from NASA EOSDIS LANCE and GIBS/Worldview, and data courtesy of Tollenaar, V., et al. (2022).
earthobservatory.nasa.gov/ima...
Antarctic Meteorite - NASA/JSC/ANSMET
solarsystem.nasa.gov/resource...
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REFERENCES
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Antarctica’s Blue Ice | EROS. (n.d.). eros.usgs.gov/media-gallery/i...
Brennecka, G. (2022). Impact. HarperCollins.
I think I found a meteorite. How can I tell for sure? | U.S. Geological Survey. (n.d.) www.usgs.gov/faqs/i-think-i-f...
Korotev, R. (n.d.). Some Meteorite Statistics | Some Meteorite Information | Washington University in St. Louis. sites.wustl.edu/meteoritesite...
Korotev, R. (n.d.). [Letter to Cameron Duke].
Nabiei, F., Badro, J., Dennenwaldt, T., Oveisi, E., Cantoni, M., Hébert, C., El Goresy, A., Barrat, J.-A., & Gillet, P. (2018). A large planetary body inferred from diamond inclusions in a ureilite meteorite. Nature Communications, 9(1). doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03...
Steigerwald, B. (2020, December 10). Key Building Block for Organic Molecules Discovered in Meteorites. NASA. www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/...
Tollenaar, V., Zekollari, H., Tax, D., Goderis, S., Claeys, P., Pattyn, F., & Lerhmitte, S. (2022). Unexplored Antarctic meteorite collection sites revealed through machine learning. Science Advances, 8(4). doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj8138
Treiman, A. H., LaManna, J. M., Hussey, D. S., deClue, I., & Anovitz, L. M. (2022). Coordinated neutron and X‐ray computed tomography of meteorites: Detection and distribution of hydrogen‐bearing materials. Meteoritics and Planetary Science. doi.org/10.1111/maps.13904
Where to catch a falling star. (n.d.). Where to Catch a Falling Star. wheretocatchafallingstar.scie... - Věda a technologie
Love it that the person looking for Meteorite was sokka trying to make his space sword
innit
@@figuremations1619 omg totally missed that reference!
came here for this XD
AVATAR REFRENCE
I WAS ABOUT TO SAY IT
I have a collection. I store them in Antarctica. Stop touching them.
What if I wear gloves?
@@mars-decrypted2957 I'd recommend wearing a complete set of clothes not just gloves.
Are you antartica
Can I have some ? Just a few.
I like the ATLA reference at the end
Did you notice it was Sokka collecting the meteorites??? SPACE SWORD!!!
😂
Atla was there all along, from start till end
Or the Pokey in the desert?
@@stevena105 All the quality cactus juice!
That drawing of Antarctica putting all its meteorites into a neat pile is so adorable holy heck
Now i feel bad that we steal them all
1:45 for anyone interested
Catartica
Its ultra cute indeed and nit the least bit hell-like
I watched a 15 min video a weeks ago explaining why most of our studied meteorites come from Antarctica, but this short 3:30 min video explained it far better
My favorite Minute Earth video just because of the ATLA references.
fr fr
As a physics and science teacher that has focused on meteorites a lot in different classes, I really gotta hand it to you on this one! Big picture and the feeling of a scientist in the field all in one!
Cheers!
This is officially my go-to video for meteorites in class now.
Big thank you!
Good for you man 😊
I would say the earths rotation has far more to do with why there are more meteorites at the poles. It’s simple physics
@@That.Guy. Let's see what you think. Give more details.
@@teacher_ash assuming a meteorite is equally as likely to come from any direction…. Those coming directly at the poles will most likely hit the poles, even with the earth spinning. if it’s coming directly at the equator as the Earth spins it could land anywhere on planet earth
@@That.Guy. ??? If the meteorites are "equally as likely to come from any direction", they are equally as likely to land on any spot on the Earth. "If it's coming directly at the equator... it could land anywhere on planet earth." If it's coming directly at the equator, it will land on the equator. The Earth's spinning has nothing to do with this.
To put it a different way, let's assume the Earth doesn't spin. The meteorites, under the assumption that they're equally as likely to come from any direction, have an equal probability to land on every spot on the Earth, right? So once the Earth starts spinning, what changes? The only different is that the meteorites will land further west than the spot their velocity vector was pointing at while they entered the atmosphere, but given that the meteorites were initially evenly distributed, moving all of them the same angle to the west won't change anything.
I was expecting there to be something weird about Antarctica and that it attracts meteorites, but to my surprise no, they're just easier to find there
@@eggrollsoup I don't know, that's what I thought the video was gonna explain
tbf the video's name certainly implies there are more meteors hitting antarctica than any other place
Yeah, I thought it would because the South Pole is there so the magnetic field protecting the Earth is weaker.
Indeed. Or that Antarctica is somehow on the same plane as some astroid/meteor belt.
There are meteor showers, so the timing of those could have been that Antarctica took the brunt.
@@eggrollsoupbecause the real answer is so freaking obvious that if someone went out of their way to make a 3 minute video you have to assume it’s cause of some weird thing that’s worth spending the time to point out.
That Cthulhu made my day
This channel is one of the best channels in this entire platform which explains a LOT of interesting stuff with simple but still factual representation ❤❤❤❤❤
cthulhu is definitely factually represented!
And puns. Don't forget the puns.
WHY FILES
Tonic of sonic great CZcamsr name
@@lanichilds2825 Thanks!!
Awesome, I love Saka looking for meteorites for his sword 🤣
Edit:
And now Ang @2:55 !! Love it
There's a great flowchart for identifying meteorites, and one of the questions is "did someone see it fall" which if yes points to NOT A METEORITE
Not always true, though. There is a woman that watched a meteor fall mainly because it crashed through her house and hit her (after bouncing around a bit).
Ann Elizabeth Fowler Hodges
@@zach11241 yeah it's just one of those 99.9999% cases
@@SirToastyToesk, but why is someone witnessing a meteorite doing what a meteorite does make it not a meteorite?
@@malaineeward5249 basically the chances that you saw a rock fall from the sky and then also managed to find it successfully is pretty much zero: "Meteors enter the Earth's atmosphere at speeds ranging from 14 kilometers/second (31,000 miles per hour) to 45 kilometers per second (100,000 miles per hour). At first they burn on the surface and perhaps explode from the shock. But as they go farther into the atmosphere they slow down. All but the largest meteors (like the one that formed Meteor Crater) quit burning and fall dark from an altitude of from 5 to 20 km (3.2 to 12.4 miles). That's a long fall. No human can trace the fall of a rock that far. In fact, no human can even see a small rock at that distance. Where meteorites have been observed to fall, there has simply been a whoosh and a thunk.
By the time meteorites hit the earth they are traveling at terminal velocity--that is a velocity at which the resistance of the air will not let them go any faster. They are falling no faster than a rock dropped from an airplane--or the Coke bottle in the first scene "Gods Must Be Crazy." Terminal velocity for a small object is not very high--150 to 300 km/hr (100 to 200 miles per hour more or less) or less. These impacts don't make big craters. You are more likely to see a small indentation in the ground, a small hole, or nothing.
With this in mind, here is the bad news:
If you saw a rock burn all the way to the ground and recovered it, you probably did not recover a meteorite. The rock you saw burning probably landed over the horizon."
@@zach11241it happened again today in france
Hi, I'm a meteorite scientist. It's wonderful to see a video in this topic area, especially one as accurate as this one. However here are a couple statements in the video that are somewhat off.
1) This is a subtle distinction, but meteorites aren't magnetic. What is the case is that most of them have enough nickel-iron in them that they'll stick to a magnet or attract a magnet, but this is not true of every meteorite.
2) The second major factor for why meteorites are rarely found outside of deserts, and which is arguably a more important factor (MinuteEarth is not wrong about the weathering, but weathering is not typically viewed as being the major issue for finding meteorites), is that meteorites are very hard to find in any environment with a lot of foliage or urban development. Even if you know a meteor recently came down into an area with a lot of plant cover or human development, there's good odds that a dedicated search will find little to nothing of the meteorite. In a desert, there's a lot less obscuring stuff in the way that needs to be sorted through to find the meteorites.
I love this video! 😊 I had no idea about this. I would have guessed the magnetic field played into it, but the environmental conditions didn't cross my mind
I think that's there's more to it. Moon's "dark side" and poles have more craters than the visible side. So I think space rocks that orbit in the ecliptics plane (where most planets and moons rotate) have a better chance to get absorbed by other planets and moon's gravity well. Probably
It would be absurd to think that a “majority” of meteorites “FOUND” on Earth in any location, would lead to the conclusion that more fell in one region. There is a substantial amount of weathering in temperate locations (including the worlds oceans) that would make finding such evidence IMPOSSIBLE.
ok, this was clever. I was wondering why the stick-guy looked an awful bit lit Sokka until the reference to Aang and Appa at the end. Good job, guys.
My first guess was that the Earth's rotational velocity is lower at the poles which allows meteorites to survive the trip through the atmosphere. Or ferrous meteorites are more attracted to Earth's magnetic poles. Or the meteorites were launched by aliens trying to destroy Antarctica and the secret world hidden beneath it.
Probably 3
I think-
*puts on tin foil hat*
I think it's aliens. There are thousands of viruses preserved in Antarctica still frozen & 'alive' due to the weather conditions (slightly cold, snowing). These viruses were sent by the aliens thousands of years ago before they decayed into civil war, and now that their communities have stabilized politically they are looking to attack again. But, keep in mind, they came out of civil war, so they do not have the power to send new viruses just yet. They sent the last one they could, covid-19, and now are trying to come up with excuses like 'climate change is melting the ice' while secretly sending rocks that break the ice down revealing the viruses.
The aliens are just trying to protect us from the evil penguin empire.
I was also wondering if it is anything similar to aurora.
It's not even most of Antarctica, it's a specific region of Antarctica, so the first one is unlikely,
I love the simple illustration you did for the Transantarctic mountain range concentration mechanism. On the other hand, you did keep the widespread misconception that meteorites fall to the ground smoking hot / on fire.
Why is it a misconception? What's the reason for it?
@shoam2103 the drag from thicker atmosphere layers slows them down enough to cool off before hitting the ground
@@shoam2103 Space is really cold so inside of the rock starts at extremely low temperature. Passage through our atmosphere is short enough that the inside of the rock does not have time to warm up. Also, ablation of the surface material is very good at dissipating heat. The result is that meteorites fall at terminal velocity, not any faster than if you dropped them from a tall building. They can sometimes dig themselves a few inches into a soft soil but they don't make a crater unless they are untypically massive.
I mean, it’s just an illustration. Antarctica doesn’t have a >:3 face either but it’s fun to see
@@techheck3358 and if there was a justified worry that as this is an educational channel this video might reinforce a wrong idea that Antarctica indeed has a huge face (and this was already believed by 95% of people), you would absolutely have a point that it's the same thing :)
cool! my first instinct was that it had something to do with the rotation of the earth
same!
my guess was magnetism. glad to be proven incorrect.
Sea Cthulhu collecting meteorites is just the best thought.
I loved how #MinuteEarth included the mythological Cthulhu.
Boy what the hell you mean “mythological?”
@@QixTheDS cuz he aint real
@@markokostelac7282 stop lyin
The Pokey hiding in back (at 1:00 ) fits in well in both deserts. :D
Love your videos, the humor (though the puns can get a bit out of hand in some 😅) and all the little references (AtlA!)
Fascinating! Great, well-put together video as usual.
Short, simple, and informative! Thanks!
I was wondering if that early Sokka cameo was going anywhere being a reference to his meteorite sword (probably wouldn't work very well, btw). Turns out, it was.
Jon Larson a Norwegian jazz musician became obsessed with finding micrometeorites and developed a technique for identifying them from the dust on rooftops. Since roofs haven’t been around long, the ones he found are relatively new and not eroded. He’s apparently revolutionised the science, all because he tried something the establishment considered impossible. An inspiring story.
? Nobody considered it impossible
@@techheck3358 According to the media accounts he was consistently told by the academics that it was not possible to separate micrometeorites from other dust from an urban environment. He was the first person to actually do it.
Nothing very scientific about dragging a neodymium magnet down the length of the roof's gutters. Anything stuck to the magnet will be an iron micrometeorite.
@@pikesticker not according to all the articles on the subject.
@@gripperrod can you provide a source? the only people saying "scientists thought it was impossible" is jon larsen himself on his website where he sells them.
Loved Aang in the ice-berg, and sokka looking for his space rock
And the meteorite looks like the sozin’s comet
So simple, easy to watch or show others
Thanks!
I like how the illustrator is an Avatar fan. Loved seeing Sokka Aang and Aappa
Guys can we get a petition for hour earth I love the one minute vids buy imagine a movie
XD
A Minute-of-Minutes Earth?
Short, simple, and informative! Thanks!. Fascinating! Great, well-put together video as usual..
2:45 "Just the tip of the iceberg." In Antarctica. I see what you did there.
Exceptional job. Concise and well illustrated.
MinuteEarth makes learning fun and interesting.
Loving the Avatar The Last Airbender references!
2:55 Appa!!!
Great video, as always!
That was a very thorough and satisfying explanation. 👍
Thanks, you've answered a question I have been asking myself!
1:45 did antarctica do the frekin >:3 face
2:04 And here I thought "blue ice" was a made up thing for Minecraft
Awesome graphics, really fun to watch!
Beautiful music & voice combination. Lovely to watch 😍😍❤.
Biggest desert is….
(Me: Sahara)
you guessed it, ANTARCTICA
(Me: 😮)
The Sahara is the largest hot desert.
Desert's are measured by precipitation, not temperature remember.
Same 1:09
Great video. Thanks.
What a delightful framing device for this one!
Awesome concept and enjoyable animations
Awesome amout of information and context in a small amout of time. Well done mahalo for sharing
I thought it was going to be Antarctica gets more for some reason but they're just easier to find there.
Exactly. The rate of deposition is the same as it is everywhere else on Earth, it's just that the accessibility & likelihood of preservation are higher.
Thank you for pronouncing “Antarctica” correctly. So many forget about the first “c”. You earned my subscription 🌸.
Oh boy, can't wait to go look for stuff from space in the Antarctic! ...Heeey, is that a dog from the Norwegian outpost?
Hey thats Sokka! How will he make space sword!?!
He might find aang tho 2:52
Good video. Also thanks for not dragging it out to 18 minutes
One of the most wholesome video💜
Love the graphics!
0:28 SOKKA?!?!!
Literally my reaction
0:44 Cute cathulu joke. And this looks like the nice cathulu version from SCP universe makes it even better as he wants just colect space rock in peace
this channel is the best
This is awesome!
Love the video! Can you do one on the Rogue Wave phenomenon off of Southern Africa?
I love Antarctica!!!
Also, it is speculated that the first metalworking civilizations in the Old World used whatever ferrous meteorites they could get their hands on.
Amazing video as usual
Thanks!
This is adorable And educational!
Your channel is the best to watch! Can you make a video about Pokemon too? (I'm crazy about it)
Amazing!
I never knew that Antarctica has such properties.
I wonder what we will find in those lower regions ... new elements?
I used to have one. At least I think that's what it was. It was only about an inch and a half long. It was broken showing a metallic interior with a melted exterior. Most meteorites are tiny. Smaller than a grain of rice. If you run a strong magnet around any random place you find them. Often mixed with chunks of rusty metal
I was going to guess magnets, but a cuddly glacier custodian is pretty cool too.
Nice, not sure there's anything easy about Antarctica, but at least theres a reason to go there, other than the penquins of course!
I did not know that. That was very interesting.
That sokka thing was a nice touch
That was great thank you! I learned that the glaciers act like conveyor belts and transport millennia worth of meteorites to certain gathering grounds scattered about Antarctica.
Also, thank you for properly pronouncing "Antarctica". and not saying "Annarticka" 👌
It hasn't even been an hour and I've seen this video change the thumbnail 3 times already. What the heck?
You have no idea how annoying it is getting pelted by space pebbles. At least they look pretty when on display
Love the new animation!
What I learned from this video: Cthulhu collects meteorites.
Love this Sokka cameo so much
i am 11 years old...and i know more science than most of the 9th graders in my school becuz of min earth. tk u 4 making me smart!!
I LOVED THE AVATAR'S APPEARACNCE IN THIS VIDEO.
I learned 2 major thing here, I didnt realize antarctica was so big! and the meteors being found there is fascinating! I was sorta hoping it would be due to magnetic poles and something weird about meteors, but it makes sense that the rest just fade away
after writing my comment I see that most of the comments are the same thing lol, us viewers are all pretty like minded hehe
Thank you.
Haven't watched yet, but wanted to make a guess: most meteors have high concentrations of metal, so they follow the magnetic lines to the poles.
hmmm that's actually kinda good
Yes, just like all the man-made satellites and space vehicles, they keep veering off course and crashing in the polar regions, right? The forces created by Earth's magnetic field are tremendous.
Does that pass the sniff test? Erm no.
Afraid not. The earth's magnetic field may contribute a tiny fraction of the forces acting on a meteorite, but the magnetic field of the earth is far to weak to actually have any significant effect on objects moving many times the speed of sound towards the surface.
Sokka reference with meteorites, love it. and then Aang buried in ice. S2
I was asking why is Sokka in this video... Then I saw the reference at the end 😂 love it
Love the reference
Very interesting
Best video about Media Rights ive seen
I like many others here had the first instinct that it would have to do with rotational velocity or the magnetic poles... but I wasn't totally sold on that first instinct, because I would have expected you to mention something about the north pole as well in that case.
I think the real explanation is a really good example of how one can be mislead when trying to come to conclusions about data. Assuming the data hasn't been muddied by some external factor that seems totally unrelated to the question at hand can be a big mistake.
I love the animation ❤
I love the Sokka's Space Sword reference! That is so clever! More Avatar representation!
My dude! Cuthulu (or however it is written) AND Avatar! I love learning new things, but if I can giggle through the lesson is always better! Instant follow! Cuthulu may have a hoarding problem 😂
That's really cool
amazing
This is the first and only time I've seen an educational video featuring guest appearances by both Cthulhu and Aang.
Thank you for the Cthulhu and Avatar Easter eggs
haven't watched yet. but my hypothesis is its a combination between them being wasier to find in the ice than it is in just dirt. as welll as the thinner atmosphere up there meaning they have less chance to burn up in the atmosphere
Antarctica is so kind for collecting space rocks for us
How do you make these lectures I mean softwares you are using?
Learned something new today! Now I can move on 😅