Make Nitric Acid - The Complete Guide
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- čas přidán 2. 06. 2009
- We show 3 ways to make nitric acid based on two different chemical approaches both of which can be done using easily accessible materials.
Warning: The procedures in this video produce large quantities of toxic gases and deal with highly corrosive acids. All work must be performed in a fume hood with proper safety equipment. And all apparatus must be glass to withstand the acids.
Chemically, nitric acid is made by bubbling nitrogen dioxide into water. So the objective in this approach is to generate nitrogen dioxide. This can be done by reacting hydrochloric acid, a nitrate salt and copper. Around 80grams of sodium nitrate, over 30 grams of copper and 100mL of hydrochloric acid (37% 12M) are the quantities needed. The exact amount isn't critical. For usable concentrations, the amount of water being converted should be small, around 20-50mL.
Any source of nitrate is usable including potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and even nitrate-based fertilizers. You can use our previous video on testing for nitrates if you want to determine if yours can be used. • Video
The tricky part now is leading the gas into water. Two approaches are shown in the video. In the first approach three containers, such as jars are place inside each other to force the gas to go into the water. This is very inefficient but is very simple to do.
The better approach is to lead the gas out of the generator through a tube and into a chilled container of water.
The water that's converted into nitric acid can be replaced with hydrogen peroxide for better yield.
The chemical waste that's generated contains the valuable copper used before and recovering it is worthwhile due to todays high copper prices. This is simply done by putting in enough aluminum metal that it reacts with all the acids and copper in solution to create a slurry of copper. This can be filtered to obtain a residue of copper. Its highly contaminated but can still be used to make more nitric acid.
For further information on the chemistry type "copper and nitric acid" into google. The hydrochloric acid and nitrate salt behave as nitric acid (with nitrate from the salt and protons from the hydrochloric acid) and dissolve the copper releasing nitrogen dioxide gas.
You can use other concentrations of hydrochloric acid but you need to decrease the amount of water added to keep the concentrations the same.
Finally, the last way of making pure nitric acid is to react concentrated sulfuric acid and a pure nitrate salt (NOT fertilizer) and heat it in a glass distillation apparatus to distill over the pure nitric acid. Stoichiometric quantities of both reagents are recommended for maximum yield.
We get our glassware from chemglass or VWR - Věda a technologie
"If you blow air into it, it fumes!" "Do not inhale."
My all-time favourite nurd rage quote :)
That's not even what fuming nitric acid ACTUALLY is
pKai3 I know right? He sounds genuinely excited when he says it, then becomes serious again
Nitric acid smoke... don’t breathe this!
Blow, don't suck.
haha
Its 2019 and you've become a "Dr. Stone" fan =P
Read my mind
As a chemistry student and a dr. Stone fan I give your comment a like
hakhakhak... I thought I was online the one who came here just to know the information from that anime! hakhakahkahk
Yep! lol
now listen here
When you watch too much Dr.Stone and you wanna do the magic stuff.
RaiNBow BRidGe
Wtf this is why I’m here
@@maxarbat197 why r u runnin'
Trust me bro I am here for the same reason. 🤣🤣
Omg heck yeah
I wanted to show a wider range of approaches. If i didn't use water some viewers may get the impression water can't be used. Then i'd get questions like "couldn't you use water instead of hydrogen peroxide?" by showing both we see more perspectives and get a better handle on the underlying chemistry and how it can work in different ways.
Show me bruhda please
are you still alive? saw your vidio about 9 years ago
Thanks for your quick reply!
The King of Random Grant?!
Thank you, Grant.
Love ya, grant
rip grant :(
I can't believe that he didn't reply to your comments
4:05 I wanted to just point out that you can distill fuming (above concentrated) nitric acid, you just need to use concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid and distill. The sulfuric acid likes water much more and will keep it in the flask while the almost pure nitric acid distills over. Great video!
Great video! Thanks for making this! When using sulfuric acid, can you use battery acid from an auto shop, or is that too dilute? Do you need to boil it down to a higher concentration?
You have to distil it
Wait, TKOR was here when he started his channel lol xp wtf
I don't know about this I just came because I saw the acid from saw
Any acid should work, but it'll bring over water when you distill it. Using concentrated acid is necessary to create fuming nitric acid.
Just order sulfuric online its like 25 for a liter depending where you get it
Thank you for the great information. I used to love my Chemistry classes in college and Nitric acid was used in many experiments but getting a supply has never been easy. I saved all my old lab workbooks and notes and would love to set up a lab and do these experiments again.
You just dissolved my mind. Who knew chemistry could be so cool!?
Need this so i can make the revival formula
WAIT, SEND THE SMOKE SIGNAL!! IM NOT THE ONLY ONE AFTER ALL!!!
I need it too bud
Thank you for your video clips, I'm just starting to refine metals with acids and I find your clip is so far the best example of this procedure.
Did it worked?
Your videos are awesome. Cool, helpful and straight to the point
This is like listening to the guy in SAW give a chemistry lecture.... which is FREAKING AWESOME
this is freaking cool!!!!
Chemistry is so cool and fun! Thanks for the great videos!
Used to have a pint sized bottle of Nitric Acid for testing for gold, wound up giving most of it back to lab store just got a little paranoid some how the bottle would wind up getting broke since I didn't really have a good place to put it and I would wind up with major contamination mess on my hands.
Wow, I can remember making up a nitric-sulfuric 70/30 bright dip for our brass/copper parts before nickel plating...
Beautiful! Now I can germinate my cardamom seeds!
Lol.......thank you....I had to google the correlation between cardamom seed germination......HOW INTERESTING I MUST SAY......very nice cover lol
I have wanted to know how to make this for so long. Thanks for the video.
Good stuff that is alot easier than the method I was shown thank you
Instead of actually understanding the origin of the rule or why it applies you rely on unscientific catch phrases and insults?
Your so called "basic rule" only applies to certain limited set of circumstances. Primarily it applies to adding water to concentrated sulfuric acid. But if you don't believe me try this: Grab some vinegar in your kitchen (an acid) and add water to it. NOTHING will happen other than getting some diluted vinegar.
Try to be smarter and less insulting will you?
You forgot to add that vinegar is most commonly 5% acetic acid
I learned in High School chemistry 40 years ago to "Add acid to watah, just like you oughta."
I haven't run into any circumstances where that caused problems, even with vinegar, so it seems like a useful guideline.
@@brandonknight7240 im glad i wasnt the only one who heard this, but to dissolve copper means that the acid and coppers by product is water soluble. So hydrochloric acid can destroy copper its byproduct isnt water soluble. I believe is the answer
Yay more views!
Wow this is very informative and simple to understand. It reminds me of many years ago as a student I had a very hard time with math and one teacher made a light Boulb light in my head that made it so clear. I'm a self thought chemist still learning at 66 yrs old.
how did i get here...oh yes i started with why is gold so valuable and clicked like a zombie and now i'm here.
Sounds dangerous, do you have sufficient safety measures in place?
What is your safety measures may I ask?
Another excellent video. Very accessible to the motivated layman.
I marvel at the knowledge persons like your good self possess, thank you for sharing.
That's sorcery hahahaha Dr. Stone fan here
Which episode used any of this techniques?
Hey! I would like to know the equation for that reaction.
Which one the first the second or the third
that answered a lot of the questions I had thanks.
Thanks, this is gonna be really helpful for... A project i'm working on
next stop, explosives. powerful explosives.
And this is the reason why we can't buy nitric acid for purposes other than making explosives.
adam3141 ssshhhh!!!the drones and NASA is watching .....lol
Silly Nilleys. I use it for refining gold and silver. Make money, not bombs!
Mitt Notned amen thats my objective too
Stupid girl bye bye bye bye bye bye bye bye bye
I bet you can make some really good home-brew alcohol.
gracias amigo siempre es un placer ver tus videos
the video from start to finish is brilliant.
Your description in the video says concentrated hydrochloric acid. When I have shopped for this, I have seen the word "concentrated" on acids from 37% all the way down to the 31.45% that you can buy at walmart. Are any of these okay to use, or do you need a specific concentration?
Dwight Gordon. I have the same question. I just recently acquired amonium nitrate, the only Hydrocloric acid I can access easily is 31% (muriatic acid) Have you found out if this is sufficient?
I'm still in the research stages, haven't acquired any as yet. If we haven't gotten any response by the time I am ready to try it out, I'll let you know what I find.
What I do know from watching other vids is that the words "hydrochloric" and "muriatic" are used interchangeably for the same acids.
Dwight Gordon. I'm about to test 31.5% HCI myself. I found some old cold packs that contain amonium nitrate so I'm finially able to produce some nitric acid to process a bunch of high quality gold connector pins I have. I'll post my results as well
Description says you can use different concentrations, but adjust the amount of water so the acid:water ratio remains the same as in the video
Now all I need is some glycerin and sulfuric acid...
nitroglyercine?
Try making biodiesel to get glycerine as a waste product and you will need heet (methanol) and lye and vegetable oil
Mahamud Hussein graphite?
Nitrocellulose, smokeless gunpowder, is covered with graphite to prevent static electricity charge to blowing it up.
Great demonstration video. Though I understand that yields will vary, I would have liked to see what the final volume of the final products measured to give me a general frame of reference to calculate a material cost analysis.
I'm debating buying nitric acid and paying the huge hazard fees vs making it myself. The general need is to find something to dissolve copper.
Awesome video, It was rather interesting!
Hmm, I had no idea that stronger acids form a Pseudo-Leidenfrost effect.
Good video :)
I don't believe it's comparable to the Leidenfrost-Effect.
My guess is that the Copper forms Copper Nitrate in the Nitric Acid:
Cu + 4H+ + 4NO3- -> Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2 H2O
But even though Copper Nitrate is highly solluble, it won't dissolve in fuming Nitric Acid, due to the high Nitrate-Concentration shifting the Chemical Equilibrium to the left side:
Cu(NO3)2 Cu2+ + 2NO3-
Well since this comment was a long time ago, I'm going to try and summarize my current thoughts.
I think I was trying to say similar to the Leidenfrost-effect in the following way.
If you were trying to melt Ice quickly, you would logically think Ice would melt quicker at higher temperature, but it's a little counter-intuitive to think that ice melts slower in boiling water.
Likewise,
If you were trying to react copper with Nitric acid, you would think higher purity acid would react with copper quicker, but It's also, counter-intuitive to think that a higher concentration slows the actual reaction.
Bare in mind, this was 3 years ago, and I think I'm summarizing my thoughts accurately.
:)
Actually, it's because you form copper oxide.
Hm, that also sounds possible.
I agree with you that the intuition behind it is very similar to the Leidenfrost effect, everyone in the comments thread is thinking way too analytically.
In the Leidenfrost effect, the desired action is inhibited by a gas layer formed by the action itself.
In passivation, the desired action is inhibited by a protective layer formed by the action itself.
They are really similar, I think people want to just show off their intelligence and only know how to via disagreement.
Who’s here after watching the first episode of Dr. Stone ? :)
What is dr. Stone
Uhhh me
Me
Yeah I watch dr.stone but I wanted to learn how to make this stuff for oxidizer
Of all the videos you've uploaded, this is one that I wish you'd revisit the most. It's really dated and it shows, but it's still a great video.
Thank you for sharing some of your knowledge.
Not only nitric acid dissolves copper,peracetic acid does.
Peracetic acid is a real acid, even if it only exists in solution. Just like carbonic acid.
Exactly dude full of it
I just came here to know how a bit of platinum could make infinite nitric acid....
great video, thank you!
You are the coolest person i have never met, keep rockin on science dude.
I'm a Nitric acid panel operator in a fertilizer plant. I am using my girls channel at the moment. I retire in 12 years. Sounds like you are ready to step up and take my place..Cheers!
canary skin?
nice but what is it useful for
to burn ex's face
HalfLife2Beta loooads of stuff, can be used to make nitrate salts, to add nitro or nitrate groups to compounds, has many aplicatons
making nitrate salts, making nitrocellulose
Typically used in organic synthesis as stated above, nitrate salts are found in fertilisers which allow growth much faster than what occurs naturally. The nitronium electrophile is used in making many medicines too, often for low heart rate disorders :)
*****
you definitely look like an idiot because it is known for everyone that the concentration of toluene in things like paint thinners is too low to make anything. Tnt is not made anymore, by amateurs at least
Thanks for this, I can start making revival fluid now
Thank you for your second method of HNO3 production. I can do this make some acid to finally process various ewastes for gold recovery and refining.
"Here I will show you three different methods with three different nitrate bases you will not be able to buy, find, or make. But you will still waste 7 minutes watching this."
Plenty of things on youtube that are described but not accessible to most people. Like how to make nuclear weapons, jet aircraft, rocket ships and cars.
"How to make nitric acid? Just mix hydrochloric acid with...."
"How to make hydrochloric acid? Oh, just mix sulfuric acid with...."
"How to make sulfuric acid? Easy, just mix nitric acid with...."
GAAAH! This is starting to resemble those irreducible complexity paradoxes from theory of evolution! ;[
How does one BOOTSTRAP this process to begin with when there's no acids around yet, just bare nature?
u can get sulfur trioxide from the decomposition of many metal sulfates at very high temperatures, which reacts with water to form sulfuric acid
@@scottjohnson7433 Ok, cool. Where can I get those metal sulfates then?
And how high the temperatures I would need? Is fire enough?
iron (ii) sulfate occurs pretty commonly in nature as a mineral and decomposes at 650 degrees c
if you wanted a practical way to make a strong acid without access to any of them today nurdrage has a video where he makes HCl from sodium bisulfate (very easy to get as a ph lowering chemical in pools) and table salt.
thank you for your information..
ITS very usable
yup, go for it!
No matter how i do this, it won't work.
Im using ammonium nitrate, and a strong cleaning chemical that contains hcl.
What you need is a concentrated sample of HCl so the cleaning solution won't work as well
Would 32% muriatic acid work?
Thebarnardfactor hey can you possible help me, if so let me tell you what happened so I tried the gas generator method and let no2 run through tubing and bubble into 50 ml of water, and I let it run for a good 15-20 minutes and I tested it by dropping copper into it and all I it did was bubble and bubble a lot but absolutely no color blue color change was observed nor was there any brown nitrogen dioxide gas produced, I've repeated this experiment multiple times now and I still get the same resultes, please help if you can:)
Yeah, same here, no brown Gas appeared. But I did do a ph test after and it was acidic. It barely reacted with the copper at all.
I used the first method though.
Note, don't go anywhere near the dead reacted mixture when you put in the aluminum.
I was outside, and i still breathed in a ton of fumes.
Maybe it's at a really weak concentration like nurdrage said in his video thanks for replying, I've also had the suspicion it might be nitrous acid and a plane to run air with a bubbler in to the solution with the no2 gasses bubbling through it to oxidize the hno2 (nitrous acid) to hno3 (nitric acid) since there is a mixture of both when bubbling no2 through water
nitric acid .. and nitrile gloves? .. latex gloves? wont nitric acid cause those the burst into flames? wouldn't you be better off wearing none? and just have a bucket with sodium bicaranate and water handy?
+Wade Hutchinson that's vinyl gloves, not sure what the fuming nitric acid will do to it though.
cool stuff did the exact thing and work out great thanks
Awesome thank you . Very informative
This worked great!
I have always loved nitric acid, so powerful, yet such an interesting chemistry. Concentrated nitric or sulfuric acids are very unforgiving, so one small slipup makes you remember for life to treat it with great respect. Great video, good lab setup too!
OMG OG
Thank you for that comprehensive response. I was hoping I wasn't going to get the moronic, pathetic responses I normally get when I ask a question. That makes complete sense and I was already thinking along those lines. You have solidified my assumptions.
What kind of yield could you expect on method 3 using stoichiometric amounts of nitrate salt and sulfuric acid and controlling temperature to avoid decomposition of nitric acid?
this is my favorite video!
In the 1st method shown could you substitute the hydrochloric acid for sulfuric acid,and if so would the yield be higher or lower do you think?
Great video, thank you very much.
Great video. Could the first or second method be used to create nitric acid to be used in gold refining? or does it need to be 70% for this. Thanks
You guys are friggin awesome.
Dude this is so cool. I need to memorize your methods because i plan to dissolve a lot of gold to purity.
thanx for the info , nice video
Very nice Thanks a lot for nice n informative video
Excellent video.
Nice video as always
Excellent thank you very much
Very informative and original video
depends on what you started with. the cation that was originally in the nitrate salt will be present as well as chloride. So if you started with sodium nitrate you'll have sodium ions and chloride ions in the solution (as well as a copper)
excellent video! Very useful acid indeed.
Good vid nice to see some chemistry how to videos.
Fascinating!
Good channel for scientific experiments
good stuff love the channel
Hi. Just wanted to ask, on the 2nd method is the toxic gas stays on the vacuum flask? does it (toxic fumes) not goes out along with the nitrogen dioxide to the graduated cylinder?
When doing the kno3 and sulfuric acid what would be the ideal ratio for the best results
THANK YOU LOVE THIS VIDEO
Very helpful, because it is really difficult to buy nitric acid in Japan.
My cons have sulfur, prevents SMB from working. Will this process work? Cons in AR warm, increments nitric and HCl till no reaction, filter rinse, back in pot hot to denox add HCl twice then water, stir in zinc filter precip rinse, dry then take precip put in hot HCl 24 hrs, filter rinse real good, then put precip into nitric/water hot 24 hrs filter and melt with oxy/acet torch. Not worried about silver loss, I am after the gold and pgm's. Zinc drops all metals, then HCl soak and Nitric soak to remove all junk metals, but gold and pgm's. Is this process correct?
strange to see so many people that dont have a clue of how a condenser works watching this... but awesome video, i'll start producing my own hno3
@nurdrage what can I
do with the left over mixed chemical from the first method?
Can that be recycled for another batch some how rather then disposing it.
Stay Regulating!
I love your videos do you encourage students to take higher level chemistries in highschool such as AP chemistry ? Thanks
Oh my god now i know what my white powder is!! thankyou so much NurdRage!!!
very educational thanks.
What is the stoichiometric ratios for this you said 100 ml was too much so what would be the correct amount of sulfuric acid?
Can you post a video on your fume hood setup? I am trying to determine if the gases can be filtered before being sent outside. Thanks!
Looking to dissolve some silver. Tried twice so far, first time 150g H2O, 150g liquid fire, 300g urea 46-0-0 CO(NH2)2. Output only 70g that looked good but no effect on copper. No acidity. Tried again tonight 115g 46-0-0 urea and 333g liquid fire. Boiling point was way higher then normal 120C +. So I shut it down. Does the liquid Fire have a boiling inhibitor, or is the urea causing the drastic change in boiling point? Should be about 83C right?
I have 4 different batches on now. 1 was real dark yellow, 1 has green tint to it, other 2 are amber. Is it normal for the SmB to take off late? On the one it didnt do anything then all of the sudden it fizzed up. Now none of my bottom stuff is brown or cinnamon color. Green tint 1 is black and gold color, other 3 are gold color, 1 has milky white powder on top. Any ideas would be great. Thanks
If you added zinc to recover the copper would it still work but make something resembling brass instead?
Great vids! What temp. do you want the high temp oil bath? Thanks much
I have been contemplating a good method of synthesizing some Chlorine Nitrate as an amusing experiment and I was thinking of using Hypochlorite/Chlorine dioxide as my oxidizer in place of Hydrogen Peroxide. maybe you could suggest how to produce or add a replacement for this process.
Hello,i wonder that i could use H2SO4 with an unknown concentration as an alternative for the HCl?
will it work the first method using not concentrated hydrochloric acid?