Operation Vengeance: The Secret Mission to Assassinate the Architect of the Pearl Harbor Attack
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- čas přidán 19. 06. 2024
- Nearly a year and a half after the Pearl Harbor attack, the United States Office for Naval Intelligence intercepted and deciphered a coded message from the Japanese. The Americans realised they had struck gold. The message contained the detailed travel schedule of Yamamoto, who was planning to visit troops on the Solomon Islands in an attempt to boost morale. What followed was preparing an incredibly daring and risky secret operation: Operation Vengeance, the mission to assassinate the mastermind behind the Pearl Harbor Attack.
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Chapters:
0:00 Introduction
1:42 Deciphering the Itinerary
4:18 Operation Vengeance
9:15 The Controversy
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By February 1943 the tide of the war in the Pacific was decisively shifting in favour of the United States. The Japanese had retreated from Guadalcanal, lost many warships, aircraft carriers and aircraft, and the morale of Imperial troops was plummeting. From his base in Rabaul, Papua New Guinea, Yamamoto decided to visit troops on the frontlines on Bougainville, part of the Solomon Islands Archipelago. The visit’s goal was to increase soldiers’ dwindling morale. They often complained about the lack of senior commanders ascertaining the frontlines’ situation.
Now, over the years American, British, French and Dutch codebreakers cooperated in order to break the Japanese naval codes and cyphers. Japan’s main, and most secure communication scheme used by the Imperial Japanese Navy was referred to as JN-25. Intercepting dozens of coded Japanese diplomatic and military messages, slowly but surely the grasp on JN-25 strengthened.
One of the critical methods was the so-called known-plaintext attack, abbreviated to KPA, and commonly known as exploiting “Cribs.” Basically, the process of cribbing meant cryptographers inferred coded messages with the partial knowledge of plaintext they expected. Japanese military orders often contained sentences such as “I have the honor to inform your excellency…”. Knowing this helped cryptographers to decipher intercepted coded messages.
And although the Japanese Navy adopted improved variants, namely JN-25b, c and eventually d, Allied codebreakers managed to decipher large parts of the messages that were transmitted by the Japanese, albeit without their knowledge.
If you have any feedback, questions or criticism feel free to leave a comment. Your opinion truly aids me in improving the content of the channel! If you have a question, feel free to leave a comment and I will either write a reply, answer your question in a Q&A video, or make an entire video about it!
Sources:
Written by House of History
Further reading: Kahn, David (1996) [1967]. The Codebreakers. Macmillan.
Music: www.purple-planet.com
Photos, paintings and imagery: Public Domain, Wikicommons
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Everyone's a samurai until the P38's show up.....
I think the name of the operation speaks volumes. As an American, I'll always remember Pearl Harbor, but the death of Yamamoto reminds me of a scene in one of my favorite books where a character asks whether they seek vengeance or justice, and the other replies regretfully that vengence is easier, and requires less thought.
Good point.
But Isn’t Vengeance through death a form of Justice?
My uncle was wounded at Peral Harbor. However, I respected Yamamoto he did not to go to war with US. He did his duty, I expect that he would have understood an operation to just get him. He was probably honored by the attention
Taking away Yamamoto's skillset was simply an operational victory by the military. Civilians indoctrinated in academia always apply emotions like justice and vengeance. Military people just shake there heads at this nonsense. Hindsight is 20/20. That book was fiction apparently.
@@mitch_the_-itch As a fact, I agree. However, there is the Psych value. For the US killing the master of Pearl Harbor gave a boost to the Americans, killing the Hero of Pearl Harbor was a blow to the Japanese. That did have an outsized impact
I understand that Japanese Admiral Ozawa expressed dismay at Yamamoto’s including all of the details of his itinerary in even a coded message. He could sense how much was riding on the unbreakability of JN-25-I.e., high consequence-no matter how low the perceived risk was of decryption. No one on the Japanese side could know the _actual_ risk, and their perceptions were informed all along by their racist dismissal of America as a nation of ignorant, cowardly barbarians. Even Ozawa had to learn that lesson the hard way in the Philippine Sea.
Live by the sword, die by the sword. Yamato would have understood the concept.
Cause of death: Lightning Strike.
Very cool "Lightning Strike" I hope the readers get it... P38 Lightning. So funny, and so true.
Too easy for him to die this way. Should have captured him and put him in a labor camp or use him for medical experiment, just like what his country did to the others.
😂
I'm glad you acknowledged that it was probably Rex Barber who did the shoot down instead of Lanphier who was a complete bastard and imo he engaged in stolen valor by trying to take credit for it and purposefully trying to discredit Barber. The behavior of lanphier was pretty despicable as he went against everything that the military is supposed to stand for while Barber seems to have been just refuting his claim. You're not supposed to proclaim yourself the hero and take all the attention which is what Lanphier did.
Peripheral-Credit for the success of Operation Vengeance must be given to Charles A. Lindbergh. Blackballed by the White House from U.S. military service due to his pre-war opposition to belligerence, Pacific Commanders Nimitz and MacArthur surreptitiously employed a belatedly-proactive Lindbergh to improve the aeronautic technologies and tactics employed in that theater. Lindbergh demonstrated operational techniques which extended the range of the P-38 Lightening and made Operation Vengeance (and other operations) feasible.
Lindbergh also personally participated in several aerial actions which reflect great credit upon himself and add to the legacy of superior American airmanship.
Obstreperous and tenacious!
I think Yamamoto insisted that a declaration of war was delivered before the attack on Pearl Harbor. But poor deciphering(or intentional malice) delayed it in DC. I can't quite honor the man, but the attack on Pearl was brilliant. Also believe he was against warring with the US, knowing the eventual outcome
He predicted he could run wild for 6 months. After that he had no confidence.
He was the Japanese Naval attache in Washington. He traveled in the states and knew once mobilized the United States would be an unstoppable juggernaut confronting Japan.
Yamamoto’s attack on Pearl Harbor was spectacular but Vlog both tactically and strategically.
US battleships that were sunk were out, dated in already Bing replace by newer and better versions. The Japanese fighter pilots we’re not efficient, landing many torpedoes on certain ships and missing other more important targets completely.
The carriers were not at Harbor; they were an essential target.
The Japanese did not destroy the US fuel reserves; the loss of these would have driven the fleet back to the US West Coast.
Japanese did not destroy the US submarine fleet at Pearl Harbor, which immediately sent to sea.
From Pearl Harbor to Hiroshima, the Japanese military, completely misunderstood the will of the United States. The surprise attack was supposed to bring the the US to the table to negotiate a peace agreement. Instead it united it was all of the American people to burn Japan to the ground - and that is exactly what happened.
With the atomic bomb and hand, President Truman offered a slightly altered demand for surrender from Japan; they no longer insisted on giving up the emperor. The Japanese miss interpreted this as weakening resolve only part of America. They had no idea the US military now I have the most powerful weapon in the world and was ready to use it Against the home island. Beginning to end, Japan never understood America. I don’t understand the Japanese either; that is why I find them fascinating.
The ones that gave the order to bomb Japan with nukes were just plain criminals. There was no need to drop the nuclear bombs as Japan was at the point of been surrendered. The yanks did it to intimidate Russia, Russia at this time and point can flatten the US before even they US have time to respond
He was also the master mind of the (Failed) Midway attack
Yamamoto's reasoning for not attacking the US, I recall reading somewhere, was based on his knowledge of the country having, by a huge margin, the largest industrial infrastructure in the world. Probably dwarfing all other Western nations combined. To the best of my knowledge he was the only leader opposing the Allies who was actually aware of this, the others simply fearing the US's natural resources being thrown behind Britain's manufacturing industry.
I agree, he also previously served as a military attache with the Japanese embassy in the US and knew several American officers personally. The Japanese thought of the US as soft, he knew better but no one would listen to him
@@mattosullivan9687 i believe his name was on the Young Turks hit list, he was actually safer as C in C of the Combined Fleet on the Yamamoto in Tokyo Harbour than he was on land in Japan.
@@seansimms8503 I would agree. I believe he was an honest man who served his country to the best of his ability, they would have been better off it they had listened
Americans being armed are why Yamamoto didn't order an invasion of the mainland US after Pearl.
There is a Japanese Movie (The Admiral) that depicted Yamamoto during the early days of war till his death. Yamamoto(Navy) was the sole person who blocked the alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan for 3 years because he knew that Japan would lose a war with America because of its industrial strength. Check it out..
It was not an assassination. It was war.
Each war is built of mere assassinations!
Correct
Amen, yes.
no it was an assassination. he was the target, it wasnt a random patrol running into a random flight.
I was cool whatever it was.
Always enjoy the house of history... desktop, coffee cup, pic's and maps...a recipe for success 👍
Knowing that he was punctual was almost as good as knowing what was programmed into your opponent's A.I. controller.
Thanks so much for a wonderful detailed segment! AF Vet..Desert Storm!
Since the US had issued a declaring of war against Japan following Pearl Harbor, all military commanders were fair targets. The main secret was to give the appearance of the timing ,being coincidental, as to not expose that the Japanese codes had been broken. After the formal Japanese announcement of his death even a small controversy of who actually shot down the flight was diverted into a bragging rights squabble to distract from the code breaking. But even thar squabble should never have happened. It is why Mitchell was only honored with a Navy Cross as was appropriate, since the combat was not one of exceptional valor. Had Mitchel or anyone else been given such honors, it would have tipped the hand as to what had actually occurred.
Correct. All commanders were fair targets. Labeling the attack as the "assassination" of Yamamoto is postmodernist historical revisionism.
Hello, I'm a French viewer
In French:
Avec les sous titres automatiquement traduit en français, je peux regarder et découvrir des sujets rarement traités par des You Tubers Français.
Merci pour ces vidéos et pour votre travail de qualité.
Thank you for your work.
@goals46 - Content de le lire (from google translate; my French is too poor to respond without assistance)
Brilliant!! Thank you
Ridiculous that those pilots were glory hogs and couldn't say "the squadron downed the Admiral."
Like the seals and who shot Osama 🤔
...YOU'RE JUST JEALOUS-(!)
An AMERICAN shot it down…period!👍
Credit where credit is do. It's a matter of historical pinpointing we all crave to know. It was a team effort . A dangerous mission. A brilliant plan executed by fantastic brave pilots. To call them glory dogs is disrespectful. They took out a huge target that very well may have turned the war to victory for the USA. Thank you gentlemen for your service posthumously.
Yi sun-sin, Horatio Nelson and Yamato are all considered contenders for the greatest naval commander ever not sure which to pick to be honest
I think midway removed yamamoto from that list
Great editing
Nicely done!
I'm sure Yamamoto was relieved to die.
He was deeply depressed as he knew at this point Japan was doomed.
My great grandfather was that code breaker
How precise math killed Yamamoto would have been a better title.
It's 80 anniversary of Yamamoto death ☠️. Yamamoto cause his own death ☠️ he insisted on making the flight ✈️ his subordinates repeatedly warned him not to make the flight ✈️ he unheed the warnings.
I have just read an interesting book written by a Kriegsmarine officer in the early 1950's . He details a very interesting section about the 3rd Minesweeping Flotilla, trucking the minesweepers from the Elbe to the Danube. Sail down the Danube to the Black Sea, then to the Kerch Strait. Battles with the Russian, withdrawal assisting the army to Varna. Scuttle the ships, borrow a train , get to Yugoslav, march through Yugoslavia to Austria, return to Germany and reform in Germany. Would be a great subject for a video.
I often wonder if modern cryptanalysts ever reviewed collected JN-25 intercepts many years after the war to fully decipher the messages (using computer algorithms) to determine what code breakers might have missed? A lot of the decoding was incomplete and there was a great deal of ‘educated guessing’ on the part of the analysts.
Thanks for making an episode of the assination of Adm. Yamamoto I mentioned to you in a previous video comment I made. Very informative and enjoyed it a great deal. Keep up the great work and look foreward to your next video Oscar!😀
Thanks Gary - the next video is about a medieval Hungarian hero!
@@HoH looking foreward to watching it Oscar! 😀
@@garykubodera9528 forward, not foreward
“It’s better to be late in this world than to be early in the next “ - Proverb
The emperor giveth...The P-38 taketh away.
Wow, shocking. I didn't knew this.
Very Brave Men doing VERY BRAVE THINGS....that won the war. Only a few of them left now. RIP to all the other heroes.....
Nimitz was not American commander of US forces in the Pacific but rather of his specific "jurisdiction". Great video though
A daring mission that paid off. Great video !
Thank you, Eric!
On one account of this happening, it says the p-38s los one plane but shot down also three zeros, beside the Betty bombers. Is this true? Regards.
I would like to hear about the British raid on Rommel intelligence group. It's not widely known that this was much of Rommels success and afterwards, he list this success a lot because of this raid it might be said!
I have discovered your channel and have subscribed. My question is, how could the Japanese think this is random? Obviously, if the Americans arrived with precision timing, why would the Japanese not think to change their codes?
Have you thought about investigating the disappearance of Glenn Miller, especially the claim that he was accidentally bombed by the RAF. Fred Shaw was a navigator on that mission.
Yamamoto's granddaughter was in my class for a year in elementary school in Cambridge Ma.
10:57
Not only Yamamoto but Kuribayashi who commanded Iwo Jima, also studied in the 🇺🇸
To refer to the Yamamoto shoot down as an "assassination" is incorrect and derogatory to the US. Yamamoto' was killed in action just like any combatant who is killed by the enemy. Can you please explain why you used the term "assassination"? Thank you
he was a target. it wasnt a random patrol running into a random flight. thats an assassination
@@bclmax Hi Bolmax, To me, the term "assassination" suggests the target was unjustly killed. JFK was assassinated. JFK was not a combatant. To me, Yamamoto was a combatant. Just because Yamamoto was a big shot, doesn't mean he should be accorded combat consideration, with respect to death, not accorded any other soldier. Thanks Bolmax.
@@scottgarbs7761 jfk planned wars also....one wore a tie one wore a uniform. whats the difference?
@@bclmax JFK wasn't killed by an enemy combatant.
@@scottgarbs7761 we will never know. you assume you know who shot jfk
Excellent !
Glad you like it!
He was an enemy combatant. He was not assassinated. He was killed in action. End of story.
Yet another great vid, good work.
Thanks again!
Wow very nice video. Every line is a point. Thanks for the amazing content. Your hard work is must be appreciated I hope you will continue this type of fantastic work in future carry on I have a question what is your work before CZcams.
Thanks a ton!
@@HoH welcome, keep it up
"Tally Ho X Lets get the bastard"
Well said Chester well said
Sloppy signals discipline enabled the USA to break the Japanese cypher. Well done. Very good video BTW.
awesome
Yamamoto may have been the master mind behind the Pearl Harbor attack. However, he was following the directives of those higher in his command. And the Emperor of Japan, Michinomiya Hirohito, was following directives of those higher in the world order.
But it doesn’t change the fact he was responsible for Pearl Harbor
One year after the Doolittle Raid, Pearl Harbor was avenged with the death of Isoroku Yamamoto.
I'm here for the 79th anniversary.
Hi, can you pls upload a video on Admiral Doenitz
this format is giving me armchair historian vibes . Keep up the good work! Hope you do more ancient history stuff
A very clear representation of the events, ¿which software did you use for the animation if I may ask? 🧐
Most of it is done in After Effects 😉
@@HoH thanks i think it's free :)
It is 25eu/month as far as I know.
Aircarriers without open windows.
the book Double edge secrets is a brilliant read. they do a small chapter on this subject non of the cryptos wanted the mission to go ahead in case the Japanese changed the codes
it wasnt just the cryptos that did there part the first use of traffic analyst came in to play
How the blazes do you remember all that stuff.
Cést la guerre, c´est la vie...
Game I to warned Japan to never make A land invasion of the US. Quote" there will be a gun behind every blade of grass"
excelente trabalho, obrigado
so they didn't want to give him due process, is that right?
a relatos que ele morreu de ataque cartico fui tudo forjado queria morte de um herói assim ele torno uma Lenda ...
Just to let you know: There had been a video released about the topic of the assassination which also touches other topics.
the major point for me to link to that is the kind of animation there with the details of the plot , plan and what went wrong which are nicely visualized and would fit perfectly for the later discussion and claims who had killed him.
For sure a great addition to your one - regarding details you had not mentioned and vice versa.
czcams.com/video/smMjyIJPMNI/video.html
How’d the P38s get back?
...they walked-(?)
Should have given them no room in the sky.
It is ambush!
Yes, " let's get the bastard. "
Operation Justice.
Nice thumbnail
WW2’s OG Hunt for Osama.
As far as I am aware this was indeed the first targeted assassination by the US government.
@@HoH There may have been some in the US civil war.
@@bruceparr1678
The killing of John Hunt Morgan comes to mind.
@@HoH Assassinations are targeted killings outside of war. All military personnel are legitimate targets during war, irregardless of rank. Calling it an assassination echoes the foppish, elitist shock expressed by British officers during the American Revolution who were aghast at the American sharpshooters' practice of targeting them. The Brits literally believed only peasants should die in war.
@@alswann2702 I understand where you are coming from. The reason I used the term was this list: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_assassinations_by_the_United_States
War has no assasination. It fair aerial fight. Assasination is plot or plan the high value officer.
Nothing will stop The Army Air Corps !
Ueda Akinari (上田 秋成) once wrote:
"Though I cannot flee from the world of corruption, I can prepare tea with water from a mountain stream and put my heart to rest"
As soon as the smoke cleared over Pearl Harbor I think Yamamoto realized Japan had made a huge mistake. Yamamoto spent a fair amount of time in this country as a Naval Attache and grad student. He was familiar with the American culture and our huge industrial and production capacity. The attack on Pearl Harbor was not the Strategic victory they hoped it would be. He remarked that the attack had awoken the "Sleeping Giant" and eventually this giant stomped Japan into a pile of rubble.
Scott Murphy He did. He said Japan had awakened the sleeping Giant.
Their BIG mistake: not destroying the fuel pits which surrounded Pearl Harbor and were clearly visible from the air. Strategically they should launched a third strike only to do this (I understand not doing this one the first strikes because of the smoke it would have created). The U.S. got VERY lucky this was not done and said so (because then, ALL fuel would have had to come from the mainland, taking days). That's why today at Pearl you no longer see fuel pits. They are now buried underground and in the mountains.
Hate to tell you this, but if you took a pole of the younger generations you'd be surprised how many don't know about Pearl Harbor, hell they don't even know where it is.
The sound effects interfere with the verbal presentation.
👍 👍 👍
DeLano Roosevelt ??
Franklin Delano Roosevelt. He struggles with other languages but does an excellent job.
And here I thought Yamamoto was shot down by a guy who just wanted to clear his guns before going after the famous Admiral.
US had all the carriers at sea. They knew the Japanese attack was coming.
It was War, and they Cowardly Started It.
they were not cowards, the declaration was delayed.
I heard Lanphier and Tony LeVier speak once.
Lanphier said that he was clearing his guns - and the plane flew into it.
That would have meant that his damage was to the front of the plane. Damage to the front of the plane was in fact more likely to contribute to it's loss but we can't know if Lanphier hit it.
There is NO front to the wreck - it was destroyed in the crash. So - of course no one could find bullet holes except in the rear - because that was the only part left.
You can see the wreck yourself on CZcams.
czcams.com/video/4Q_Io28IO3w/video.html
Barber's home town sponsored an expedition and had a home town "Historian" claim that Barber had sole credit. Anyone giving any credit to what someone's home town said is a fool.
The Army dealt with multiple claims - *_ALL THE TIME_* . Both men fired on the plane - both men got credit for half a kill. That was the correct thing to do.
Besides - it didn't matter who shot him down. There were originally 18 planes assigned to the mission. Two dropped out for mechanical reasons (the very reason they had extra planes assigned) and twelve of those that remained were keeping the escort off the killer fight - which was led by Lanphier. All of these men were part of the mission and each was performing his role. They ALL deserve credit for being part of that mission - and - for one guy to be bragging that he and he alone was the one who got him - is bull shit.
Initially Lanphier (who was high and to the right) did not see Barber (who was astern) fire on the plane - so when he landed - he went in and said he had shot it down. This started things between these two guys that never ended. That is a shame as both of them were part of it and both deserve partial credit.
Anyone thinking that they can determine what - exactly - happened is kidding themselves. That's why the Army didn't bother with this bull shit of "who" shot down who. The Army was concerned with the success of the mission - not who got the glory.
.
Japan Learned hard way let sleeping giants lie
Admiral Yamamoto was a Great Naval Leader for the Imperial Japanese Navy. He and Japan had no choice but to go to War.America had had set a number of items they told the Japanese they had to Do before they would start selling Oil and Steel to the Japanese. They also moved the U.S. Pacific Fleet from California to Hawaii over 2,000 miles Closer to Japan and a direct threat to the Japanese. THESE moves caused the Japanese Navy to start to plan for War because the American Government showed that they were going to Control the Japanese People.
No choice alright, same as Hitler and Putin.
The original hunt for Osama
This guy went to school in America, sneaky bastard, he thought because we weren't fanatics, that we'd shy away from war, he was dead wrong and he knew it, my 1st day in 1st grade we'd stand, looking at the flag, put our hand over our hearts and pledge allegiance to the United States of America in 1966, I meant that pledge and I would proudly die for my country, I still would today.🇺🇸🙏
You do know he was against the war? He predicted the war before they attacked...when asked by the Emperor what he'd expected in war against the west Yamamoto coolly stated in the first 6 months to a year I will run rampant winning victory after victory, after that I expect absolutely nothing, he knew by then America's industry would be on war footing belching out gear for millions of troops coming East, as an Admiral you just can't say no to the Emperor.
The fleet moving to Pearl Harbor
was bait. FDR got what he wanted.
YAAAAAAYYYYYY AMERICA !!!!!
I much preferred your videos before you started using background music....for me it distracts and detracts.
Thank you for the feedback, Terence. I am still experimenting with different styles and might remove the music again in future videos. It is a bit of trial and error trying to find the optimal way to present my videos.
@@HoH One major reason why I immediately subscribed to your excellent channel was it's lack of slick gimmicks. High on information, low on distractions!
Doesn't matter who fired the shots what mattered was it was done!
Pretty stupid mistakte to publish a claim who had killed the Admiral cause every Japanese would have known that the Admiral could not be identified onboard a plane while in a dog fight cause that was not a battleship you could identify.
The Japanese must or should have known about such plot and plan since then cause everybody who could claim to have killed the Admiral must have been waiting for him there and therefore must have known about his journey and schedules so that the Japanese could easily guess that their code had been deciphered and the Admiral was a victim of that decryption.
Type xxxi wolf they knew. US Intelligence monitored his movements, waiting for the right time.
TYpe Wolfe Yamamoto knew he would not live to see the end of the war. I have a feeling he knew we would get him. He said Japan had awaken the sleeping Giant.
He started it usa finish it
Volume is too low for cellphones. Can barely hear without airpods.
Thanks for the feedback Alberto.
@@HoH np, i like ur videos, good content.
Hey YAMA, remember Pearl Harbor???
Soon the fulfillment of Isaiah 2:4 will take place:
"He will render judgment among the nations and set matters straight respecting many peoples. They will beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning shears. Nation will not lift up sword against nation, nor will they learn war anymore."
We will enjoy absolute peace, for all the tragical events will be forgotten, according to Isaiah 65:17:
"For look! I am creating new heavens and a new earth; And the former things will not be called to mind, Nor will they come up into the heart."
And there is more.
As we say in America, don't Pearl Habor me, and I won't Nagasaki you. 🤣🤟
Well done mate, it is pretty impressive to completely ignore the Australians breaking the Japanese codes at FRUMEL and Central Bureau. The islands are right of the coast of Australia and the radio transmissions wouldn't reach Hawaii. Instead, you give the credit partly to the Dutch and French in the Pacific, that is an impressive re-writing of history. This is nearly as accurate as a 1950s Hollywood movie.. The interception was by Australian listening posts, the decoding by FRUMEL, who then passed it on to FRUPC/HYPO. The original cribs were broken by Australians, including Commander Nave.
Please. It's important to KNOW how to pronounce the names of extremely important people, especially the middle name of FDR.
Had he survived the war, I'm pretty sure he would have been found guilty and executed so the end result would have been the same, but I can't help feeling that this operation was petty. That the United States spent all this effort on killing one man who, by all means was just doing his job, speaks volumes about how they perceived the attack on Pearl Harbor as some kind of personal insult.
More than a man to Japan, a symbol. A morale buster.
It's war. In war you kill the enemy and break their stuff. The higher the rank of the enemy killed, the better. Until they submit or cease to exist entirely. Simple as.
Oh yeah, if the Japanese could have killed Nimitz, they would searched their souls, classify killing Nimitz as petty behavior unbecoming to themselves, and then called it a day by raping some female forced prostitutes, ooops, "comfort ladies".
The Pearl Harbor attack was a sneak attack without a declaration of war. Why would it not be personal?
In this video the American forces decode the JAPANESE code but the JAPANESE could the AMERICAN code become the AMERICAN because we used THE AMERICAN INDIAN language the real is history
this guy had the plan but the USA knew all about , oh yes the attach was just what the USA wanted and they let it happen, it was a fantastic way to convince the public that too declare war on Japan was the right thing to do.