How big is the Universe? | *THE* Great Debate in Physics
Vložit
- čas přidán 8. 06. 2024
- Go to brilliant.org/DrBecky and sign up for free. The first 200 people that go to that link will get 20% off the annual premium subscription. Dubbed "The Great Debate" in 1920 between two giants of astronomy, Herber Curtis and Harlow Shapley, this debate was all about the biggest question there ever has been: how big is the entire Universe?
The video I did with Joe Scott on the crisis in cosmology: • Why Scientists Can't A...
--
The artwork in the background is a scientifically accurate map showing the orbits of more than 18000 asteroids in the Solar System, created by Eleanor Lutz. Find out more and buy one here: eleanorlutz.com/mapping-18000...
---
🔔 Don't forget to subscribe and click the little bell icon to be notified when I post a new video!
----
📚 "Space: 10 Things You Should Know": bit.ly/SpaceDrBecky
📚 US & Canada version: "Space at the speed of light" (same book, different title): www.penguinrandomhouse.com/bo...
📚 German translation "Das kleine Buch vom großen Knall" : www.dtv.de/buch/becky-smethur...
---
🔭 Royal Astronomical Society podcast that I’m co-hosting 😱 🥳- podfollow.com/supermassive
---
📹 Dr. Becky also presents videos on Sixty Symbols: / sixtysymbolsand Deep Sky Videos: / deepskyvideos
---
👩🏽💻 Dr Becky Smethurst is an astrophysicist researching galaxies and supermassive black holes at Christ Church at the University of Oxford.
drbecky.uk.com
rebeccasmethurst.co.uk - Věda a technologie
Hi all - just to highlight that this is part of my "Great Debates in Physics" series focussed on historic debates. It doesn't cover the modern understanding of how big we think the Universe is. I thought about talking about that at the end of this video but honestly, it's a whole other 20 minute video in itself. So that will be coming soon! 👍
Adams AD AD D SF FS S S S S go fo pop pop pop pop ssssssssssssf gd. Fdd fed afffsf a f. F
Oh, totally understandable but that would be great as this video was brilliant! Thank you Doctor B - will look forward to it (but only when you get the chance, you're no doubt busy enough as it is! :) )
How big is the Universe??? Scientists have failed to measure correctly the sizes and distances to the sun and moon, let alone stars and galaxies... I carried out some experiments and can prove that the sun and moon are both only 50 of their own diameters away from earth instead of 108 as science tells. I carried out many experiments to make sure everything is correct. And no, science is wrong. And it is much more blunderous with respext to stars and size of the Universe.
All my findings I wrote in my book - The True Distances to Stars and Size of the Universe.
I really hope that Dr Becky isn't deleting my comments only because I mentioned my book here. The thing is - the story is too large to explain. For this reason I needed a book Maybe somebody still has a true scientist in him and will be curious enough to learn what proves that the sun and moon are more than two times closer or more than two times larger than science teaches. The reality is stranger than fiction. And the distances to stras as suggested by science are insanе. On the model of unjverse where the sun would be 1 mm large, the next closest star would be 30 km away and of the size of also 1 mm... And we are expected to believe that we would see it just perfectly... No way... All experimental results and proofs in that book of mine.
Quick question - As you said in your video, I remember being told the diameter of the Milky Way being about 100,000 light years, but when I do a quick look online, I am now seeing diameters of anywhere between 180,000 and 280,000 light years.
I do seem to remember reading something a couple years ago about the galaxy being quite a bit larger than we previously thought, but I can't remember for sure, or where I had read it.
Could you please point me in the right direction for the latest info on the actual size of the galaxy? And if it has changed, I would really like to read how they figure that, too.
Thanks.
Thanks for pinning this update; I was about to get IRATE about you not answering or addressing in any way the actual TITLE QUESTION. ahem... sorry.
Yes, everything we see in the Observable Universe has evolved from a ball of quark gluon lepton plasma centered on the point in space where the earth is today that had a radius of ~42.3 MLY and a volume of ~3.17×10²³ LY³ (9,150 MPc³) at the time of first combination (#StopCallingItRecombination).
Yes, that volume of space has expanded by a factor of 1100 over the 13.8 billion years since the 1st combination (#StopCallingItRecombination) and now has a comoving radius of ~46.5 billion LY and a volume of ~4.21×10³² LY³ (12.2 trillion MPc³).
But WHAT FRACTION of the Actual Entire Universe was that ball of plasma that was 85 MLY across at the time of Combination (#StopCallingItRecombination) that evolved into Everything We Know and Love (aka our Observable Universe) ??? And if we call the 12.2 trillion MPc³ sphere of our O.U. a unit cosmic volume (CV) and the Actual Entire Universe is 10^manyhundreds of CVs across (in all 3 dimensions) then isn't it completely unjustified to assume that the Actual Entire Universe is isotropic just because our O.U. appears to be approximately isotropic? And that the matter/antimatter asymmetry may just be due to imperfect mixing in the early universe that led to there currently being matter occupied volumes and antimatter occupied volumes that are many many CVs apart and separated by matterless volumes?
And how come Astronomers and Cosmologists never address or even acknowledge these question exists?
Love your videos 💕.
Becky has a skill in explaining large concepts in a totally relatable way. Thanks ... this was a really good one.
@Flat Earth Data who did?
I love PBS Spacetime but I sometimes have a hard time following along. Dr. Becky does a great job explaining things!
@@Sad_King_Billy exactly. he explains things pretty well but some of the concepts or examples are difficult to understand. I need things in layman terms. I forget who said this (Einstein?), "If you can't explain it to a six year old, you don't understand it yourself".
@Flat Earth Data Because that's the definition of the horizon.
@Flat Earth Data The Earth is hollow so it can't be flat. Get over it.
"More data is needed" A good summary of many Astrophysics papers :D
“Space is big. You just won't believe how vastly, hugely, mind-bogglingly big it is. I mean, you may think it's a long way down the road to the chemist's, but that's just peanuts to space.”
Douglas Adams,
Just a few seconds in the Total Perspective Vortex should do the trick!
@@EnglishMike Keep your towel on standy.
Good on you, FaBM! I was just about to post that quote..... :)
Dude, like space is big works just fine. You dont need bogglingly or whatever.
Space is so big it is space. I mean i have space in my living room but i don't call it Space. I have room. I have SOME space.
Spacez?
I don't have space. The final f frontier.
@eero lillemäe Is that all you can do??
spam and BS?
I love this series so much! Really shows the process of science rather than the conception of it as a set of dry facts when it is in fact a dynamic and evolving subject.
so well said 💖
Thanks!
Very Good,Keep it up
Watch: IJSR vol.7, issue3,
pages273-275
@@DrBecky size of universe
Watch : IJSR vol.7, issue3,
pages273-275
You know, I always like to imagine how these historical scientists would react to learning how their fields had developed after their time. Like Curtis and Shapley to the modern understanding of the universe's large-scale structure, or heck, Galileo seeing pictures of Jupiter and the moons he saw through his telescope.
Galileo. I'd like to go back in time and show him how far we've come. And then sit at his feet for the next twenty years to see how far he goes.
You're my inspiration! Thank you for uploading content I've always had trouble looking for on youtube. You're so lovely and we're lucky that you've decided to share your passion with us (:
Thank you Nadia! Very kind of you to say
II give credit to Becky; I loved Carl Sagan(sp) as he could explain "the vastness of the universe" in ways that a child could understand.
You can tell you really enjoy making these videos. Your energy is wonderful. Keep up the good work!
I watch a lot of news here in the USA and I just want to say a big Thank You for a few minutes of sanity
Another great video again Dr. Becky. Would love to see something in the future on the great attractor, Laniakea, and other superclusters if possible.
Ey Becky! Thank you for supplying a steady stream of fascinating astro-thingies! Love it.
Just found this channel. Binging on all the videos as Becky is really really amazing at explaining these concepts. Even though I am a scientist in an unrelated field myself, am learning a lot and getting motivated by her. Thanks for the quality content.
Outstanding video and very well narrated. You present the information in a very clear and understandable manner.
Thank you dr Becky. Really appreciate the thinking about debates on topics where it’s possible that different views have it partially right. Such an important ability to hold it all as possible and not put our identity into our positions but merely acknowledge we are placing our position on the evidence and beliefs we have at this moment. Really enjoy your videos. Thank you!
Dr.Becky is amazing, she explains great ideas through simple lens. Thanks! Keep it up!! and I love this series and if you can make video on "quantum Vs Classical physics" or "Orbit Vs Orbital."
[5:03] I always knew that Gimli had to come from somewhere. So dwarfs have their own respective galaxies. What about elves and orcs? Just kidding :D
Excellent Becks. Particularly loved this one. Thank you.
love this topic with the history part of it! Also the video with joe was really good. I'm a massive fan of your work I even bought a telescoop because of you and I ordered your book witch I get tomorrow. keep up the good work becky !
Dr Becky, you’re well on your way to becoming one of today’s premier science communicators. I love watching your channel and listening to you break down cosmology and physics topics so clearly. I really enjoyed your chat with Joe Scott. 🤘
Thanks for doing these, Dr. Becky!
Another fantastically explained video Dr Becky - really enjoying this series - thanks for posting!
Current events can be a distressing thing indeed. Then, the notice arrives that Dr. Becky has posted a new video and sublime returns.
I love your channel Dr. Becky! Thank you for sharing your knowledge with us in an understandable way. Please keep up the good work!
Great Video. Your videos are really interesting and I'm always looking forward to new ones. You mentioned in other videos that as an astronomer you do a lot of programming to run simulations and analyze data. Being a computer science student myself a video about which kinds of algorithms you would employ for that would certainly capture my interest as well.
Keep up the great work! You're really good!
Classic Dr. Becky, amazing explanation of a very difficult concept. Thank you!
Thank you for these debate series videos, Dr. Becky! 😀🌌👌
Thanks for the videos, Dr. Becky. Always fun to watch and thought provoking.
You are always encouraging people in the field of Astrophysics. Keep it up Dr Becky!
Harlow Shapley's Of Stars and Men interested me in astrophysics 62 years ago.
I really love this new style of videos! I'm often thinking about what level of understanding people had at different periods in the past. I think in addition to the great debates, it would also interesting to delve into the degree to which new scientific ideas were spread among non-scientists of the time. For instance, we know when Galileo, Kepler and Copernicus were active, but when did normal people start to understand the Earth as round and it and the other planets orbiting the Sun?
Your videos are too good!! Can you please make a video on Galaxy Distribution Function Or Immortality Project?
@Dr. Becky, Thanks for being you!
Great video, really enjoyed it. I'd love to see one on the curvature / flatness of spacetime 😊
Whether it's Open / Closed or Flat, or if there is a any other option?
Terrific. A great story well told.
Thanks for another great video mam. I always eagerly wait for your videos. You are a true genius. 😍
Becky, I got your book Space, today. Will start reading it as soon as I get home.
I was waiting for this! 😃
😄
this was a good one!
Another great video!! Loved the Hamilton reference and enjoyed the bloopers!! 😂😂
Far form being in the middle, your map shows our solar system stuck out in the rundown outskirts of the unfashionable southern spiral arm of the Milky Way galaxy.
Hah. Just finished watching your interview with Joe! Timing is great.
A great informative video Becky! I found your channel today and as an aspiring astrophysicist I find it very informative and entertaining 👍🙂
This question is in reference to a video you did 3 months back, your top ten unanswered questions : is it possible that a sufficiently advanced civilization would be able to cloak their entire planet to prevent other civilizations on other planets from finding them? ( No visible bio-signatures, no method of communication that we know of yet)
I like learning new stuff great video. 😎👍🏻
I feel I left my house today being much smarter than I was yesterday!
Thank you Dr. Becky! ;)
Great episode :)
I love your videos. Keep being awesome
VERY GOOD,KEEP IT UP.
Wonderful video and I got a kick out of hearing about the debate at the Smithsonian and the accompanying photo. I believe I recognized the Baird Auditorium lecture hall. I love that museum and have been there many times.
Nice! I hope to visit one day too
The gestures for Harlow Shapely had me in stitches 😂 I learned a lot from this, thank you for making it Dr. Becky!
Just rewatching some of your videos.
You are simply the best!!
Love all your video's 😃
How interested are you in Theoretical physics? Are you into Cosmology and Particle Physics? Can you make a video on explaining various areas of Astrophysics or Physics in general?
Hi Dr. Becky, if you could add a Q&A part in your videos it would be a great idea, something similar to StarTalk and Dr. Lincoln
Hi Dr B, in a future video please could you explain what is known (or thought) to cause the relationship between cepheid variable brightness and period? This relationship is often referred to, but never explained. Thanks x
I think that a Han Solo quote fits here: "I can imagine quite a bit" when it comes to the size of the universe.
It's actually one of the issues we have - we don't know how large it is, and that will tell us how it will end.
Also depends on how the define the edge of the universe. There max the size of the observable universe. And we have a fair idea how big that is. Not exactly. See the video about crisis in cosmology since that relates to the size of the observable universe.
Also, you can get a pretty good estimate of the size of the universe before it start to repeat it if is indeed endless. We need to make some assumptions on the complexity of the universe. And assume a sort of static state on grad scales where the complexity do not go up. Of course this might not be as satisfying for folks. Partly because from what we can tell that repetition would be beyond the observable universe, so we do not expect to see it. But also for some it may not seem to be so satisfying to say that where we can see a copy of our own little corner of the universe, is where it ends. But it would be sort of like globe. Like our very own little planet. Our planet ends where you end up where you started in a sense. ;)
But it may very well be that the complexity is infinite. A lot of scientists do not like this idea. Thinking that there needs to be some sort of end to the complexity of the laws of physics. But we do not know. Maybe there is always an unturned stone out there to explore.
Just found this channel. I wish my physics teacher had explained things so clearly and concisely, although to be fair most of our classes were mostly crowd control events.
Your energy and personality are perfect for teaching! 💯💪
@japanese robotic machine with peppermint eye beams NEVER talk about a woman's mass! Maybe it's different in Japan.
@japanese robotic machine with peppermint eye beams In reference to women, the difference is a matter of etiquette. They don't like to think they weigh more than a few molecules! My wife gets upset if she weighs enough to cause our electronic bathroom scale to turn itself on. (jk)
@japanese robotic machine with peppermint eye beams Good line, I'll try it sometime. If it doesn't go well, I'll just tell her a Japanese robot told me to say it.
Really enjoyed that. Have just subscribed. The Universe is truly massive, but the world is so small. I live in Herefordshire UK. My house is a quarter of a mile from Brinsop Court, a country Manor House. This is a holiday let establishment and Stephen Hawking used to retreat there for 2 months of the year.
Always look forward to your vids! 👏🏻❤️
If we can crack the light barrier, maybe 1 day we could actually travel to said stars and take a look for ourselves. 😎
Dr. Becky has the dramatic...
...pause on lock.
Love the series this month!
Love your series, got a question for you, which is faster the speed of light or the speed of dark?😜
I am a student of class 10. From now I want to know about universeand your videos are help me very much to know about this whole universe and the stars moons and everything related with galaxy. Thank you very much Dr.Becy you are my inspiration.🙂
Hi Becky! I think it would be nice if you talked about the debate on the nature of radioactivity. I once read that it hasn't always been a consensus the fact that radioactivity is a nuclear phenomenon, for a long time there was a great debate on it.
Good idea 🤗 I’ll add it to the list
My Jr. High science teacher answered this question.
When I asked him how big is the universe, he answered "only as far as we have been able to see into it."
How do we all act normal like we’re not on a giant ball floating in an endless void:)
Full of black holes and giant fireballs no less
For a fraction of a second I thought you were a flat earther, stepping in to try to create their brand of chaos. I'd love to see one of them try to debate Dr. Becky!
Great update
Thanks for the History in 15. min. story
Thanks for sharing :-)
I see that this video has been sponsored and that is fair enough & c, but...what about the possibility of Patreon support? Thank you for your wonderful work in any case - you and those similarly employed make the world a whole lot less dull than it currently is. Today two amazing things happened - 1) The Thunderer finally managed to do a reasonable job here in Northampton of causing a thunderstorm. Myself, I think it mainly due to my recent re-reading of "American Gods". 2) The ATM outside of Tesco Mereway finally started working after god knows how long. Did the thunder make it live? Who can know. Thank you.
Anytime I can hear Dr. Jana Levin present it's great. Dr. Becky is in the same class. NDeGT needs to get her on Star Talk.
Hi Dr Becky, im really enjoying your videos. I will be watching them all. For now I have a question how do we know all the observation from earth of the galaxy are correct. By this i mean is it possible what we see is not reality. For example we know light bends when passing areas of high gravity eg the center of a galaxy such as the milky way. I believe it is called the lensing effect. How do we know we are not observing the galaxy from the other side or possible observing the same galaxies through gravitational distortion in space and possible light diffraction from the edge of observable objects a little like a collider scope.
That is a very nice history lesson. I really enjoyed it.
On my book shelf I have a book written by Shapley titled "Galaxies" Revised Edition that I bought when I was a teenager.
Without sounding like a broken record, when it comes to doing entertaining science Dr Becky rules. I've just realised, that was a history lesson and enjoyed it. That doesn't happen very often. :-)
The enthusiasm is very endearing
I love how we learn more and more about the universe.
Still there are many concepts like multiverse hypothesis while search for unknown zones and ultimate journey towards truth never ends dr.becky sailing in this vast ocean is interesting
You threw me into binge-watching videos made by you, PBS Space Time and Sixty Symbols, about the Hubble constant, the age and expansion of the universe, and the CMB, for 4 hours because I didn't understand how you can guess the size and age of the universe with the CMB. Thanks?
Yeah it’s not really something you can condense into a video or a comment response unfortunately. It involves creating a model of the entire universe with various parameters to describe e.g. fraction of matter in the universe, properties of dark energy, and then tuning those parameters to give the best fit to the CMB
Hello Dr. Becky,
From a battery of IQ tests I did during my last year in school 1970/1971 I learned I have below average IQ with respect to 3D thinking also called spatial awareness. As you know spatial awareness is required when parking a car or swinging a golf club. When I think about where the sun rises and sets relative to my house here in Dublin I cannot picture the process in 3D. I can just about imagine the path of the sun in the sky. Also while I had a telescope when I was 12 I didn't know about the analemma till quite recently and I will not even try to picture how the analemma is formed.
In that very same way I probably just cannot cope with the 3D thinking required to understand that image you showed of the Milky Way taken from the earth at 2:42 in your video above.
All the best,
Peter Nolan. Ph.D.(physics). Dublin. Ireland. I'm 67.
Plz... make a second part of the video... this part only consists of 'How large the milky way' is or perhaps reaching till the core of Andromeda... Thank You
Dr Becky is what humanity needs to get through a boring day and make it amazing xxxx
Oh and your "Shapely" comment at the end reminded me. I was in Alabama visiting a friend and we were talking about the _Sherlock Holmes_ movies. He said "Remember that first one with 'Bay-zill Ray-the-bone'?"
I had no idea for a minute who he was talking about.
The Skilly Isles and the Seeh-vern estuary were two favourites of my boss from Chicago.
Kant deduced that there is "no synthetic a priori," which is roughly as cool as his deducing the existence and structure of the Milky Way from casual observations.
Love the Hamilton reference at the end
finally got my copy of 'space at the speed of light'! happy dance.
Just realized I never received my copy of your book. Maybe I screwed up the order. Where do I go to see. Thanks
Book finally came definitely will be done by end of round trip to work 😃
OK so 7:09 Shapley reminds me so much of the meme "Side Eyeing Chloe" that I can't get it out of my head.
😂 I can’t unsee that
There was a time I considered a career in theoretical physics. I ended up on a different path heading down a study of history instead, but I never lost the live I had for the universe as a child. Thank you for helping armature science enthusiasts like me learn more about these concepts.
Oh i am so happy to have discovered a woman talking about astrophysics in such a clear way! Thank you.
Another great video from a Dr Becky.. Always informative and explained in a simplified way for us non Phd ers... also being from Lancashire makes her extra special!!! p.s. is there any chance Mercury or Venus could've been a hot Jupiter but their gas consumed ny the sun? If its a nobel prize winning theory just name a planet after me!!! lololol
Dr Becky, I was wondering if you are familiar with Dr Andrew Thomas series of books Hidden in Plain Sight? And your opinion of his theories on modified gravity and the limited expansion of the universe. i,e. Negative Gravity starting at the Schwarzschild Radius (hidden in plain sight book 2). Might make a good topic for one of your amazing videos we all enjoy.. Thanks, Vanessa
I have a bit off topic question: when will we observe a collision between Sagitarius A* and IRS 13 and how strong would the observation at LIGO (magnitude on ripping of space time)? Are there any theoretical considerations?
Namesake of the Peratt Instability, Anthony Peratt (Los Alamos), was shown pictures of classified plasma electric discharge formations... IN PETROGLYPHS! Thoughts, Dr. Becky? 😊
I read Kant's Pure Logic and Reason ..in 74? when I was 13?.
It made my head hurt. Never learned he wrote anything speculating on cosmology until 10? years ago.
..but it is amazing to think that when my dad was the same age, we thought the Milky Way..was the universe.
What will we know in 2120?
I love the thumbnails to this series: "How big is the universe? There's only one way to fin out.... FIIIGHT!"
I read it in Mortal Kombat commentators voice
@@TeethedGlory I was thinking in a more British context czcams.com/video/VWLETnpcKqs/video.html
4:54 I like how computer was a person's job title in 1912. That'd be like me working as a Hard Drive in 2020.
I just sit and collect a lot of data.
Hey Becky, when measuring parallax, what sun-earth distance do you use? Is it centre to centre or solar centre to earth surface location of the telescope? Thanks!
It would have to be from the location of the observer to the sun. But I’m not sure what level of precision they had then or we had now, and whether or not a couple extra thousand kilometers was within the margin of error.
Remember, everybody: in a debate the winner isn't necessarily who's right, but who's capable of giving the best arguments without using fallacies and so on. It's pure rhetoric.
At the same time, for science your arguments don't matter. Only evidences do. 😊
and this is how science and politics can be so far apart.
@@scifino1 Exactly!
@@scifino1 Not so much anymore when politicians abuse science to spread an agenda.
@@scifino1 That is why political science is a contradiction. Politics as always been about power and control, never about needs and necessity.
@@patrickturner6878 Sometimes though they just flatout ignore science, like they've been doing with the whole climate change science since about the 70s.
EDIT: Donald Trump and the Corona-virus is another great example of this.
Love the videos. A minor edit: Ptolemy was around 100 AD not BC :)
Current debates maybe:
-The dark matter existence
- String theory or cyclic Model
- The Anti Universe Theory
What's the third one about?
@@pulkitmohta8964 its just the debate about whether string Model is real or the cyclic model is real!
@@sameer_dudeja what's the string model about?
@@pulkitmohta8964 Dude, there is this thing called the Internet ....might be there! Check it out....
@I 've eaten a schwarzschild radius sorry but I cant comment on that as I have not studied about it and am not an expert on it!