Humayun and the Suri Empire | 1530CE - 1556CE | Al Muqaddimah
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- čas přidán 30. 12. 2021
- Following the collapse of the Timurid dynasty in Central Asia and Iran, one prince, Zahir ad-Din Babur, was able to hold on to power long enough to be able to invade India in 1525. After defeating the ruling Lodi Dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate in 1526, he established the Timurid Gurkani Dynasty which is commonly known as the Mughal Dynasty. After gaining control of North India from the local Afghans, he had barely begun to put together a ruling core of the empire when he died in 1530. His eldest son Nasir ad-Din Muhammad Humayun ascended to the throne. With the Afghans eyeing his throne from the east and his own brothers from the west. Humayun almost became the second AND the last Mughal Emperor.
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Happy New Year, everyone! Thank you for being here! InshAllah, I'll see you in 2022.
Happy new year Al Muqaddimah- thank you so much for your videos. Take care, I wish you the best tidings for next year.
Happy New Year too, Al-Muqaddimah
Happy new Year !!
Please make a series on this dynasty and their reign
Thank you for this awesome one !!
happy new years man
Please some day do a video of the muslim calendar , how it works? When are the holiest days?
Sher Shah Suri was a phenomenal Emperor. He was even referred to by his foes (the Mughals) as "Ustad-I-Badshahan" meaning "Teacher of Kings"
True. He influenced Akbar in his administrative and religious policy.
I remember clearly that there was 5 line, small paragraph about sher sah suri when I was in my 8th grade... He instantly became my favorite king... And given that I have grown a big history buff... He still remains my favorite king of all time... It's surprising that he is .. despite of the fact that how much I know about history..
@@muhammadikram4926 no politician/king is ever perfect- and especially Kings... What do you expect from kings .. kings by defination operate more like gangsters.. just that they have more legitimacy
@@muhammadikram4926 i was born into a village.. where people older then my grandpa, had to pay tribute to the local king... And what the king do - provide protection.. that's all... Not from thiefs..that was for the villagers to deal .. he provided protection form other kings... Just like gangsters.. and occasionally offer tittles to locals for a selfless acts
@@naufilmanasiya1368 Kings aren't exactly like gangsters as they only can be exalted into high position by lower population, we wouldn't call patriach of a peasant family "gangster" as Kings also operates with this traditional style but with great differences in level of power. Today we have republic which cynically I see just bunch of mafia families influencing the public about which family would gain paramount leadership over the others but legally using any issues.
“A weak intelligent person is better than strong ignorant one. Civilization is built through the intellect more than it is through strength. He is mistaken who thinks that civilization is built through strength alone; an elephant can destroy a house but cannot build a nest”
- Shaykh Abdul Azziz At Tarefe
gad dang that's deep
So what I take from this is that Humanyun was a better administrator than a General. Still we can't rule out the fact Sher Shah was a complete badass and just a tough opponent for him on any account and also his brothers was assholes.
I like that Humayun was able to get back on his feet after that humiliating fall.
@@AlMuqaddimahYT he had big heart too, even after rebelling he didnt execute his ungrateful brothers, just because he was told not to hurt them.
@@AlMuqaddimahYT please do one on sikhism and why muslims should not hate sikhs please
no! sher shah is literally remembered in the subcontinent for his administration skills and excellent governance
@@ajithsidhu7183 eh muslims and Sikhs don't have much or any probs just some extremist who fight each other with equal fault to both sides
Whenever I see the name Bengal, I always watch that video and I kinda feel proud. Its rare that Bengal history is illustrated in CZcams or in any medium. Thanks to the CZcamsr for making this nice video. Love from Bangladesh.
There is nothing good about Sher Shah in Bengal. He damaged our land and said to have enough looted the wealth of Shahi Bangla
Pretty rich coming from a Bangladeshi, if you're not of foreign descent like your pm your family were slaves of local rulers and Mughals.
@@cs-mi8ur Everyone is from foreign descent. Even you too. Indian hindus narrate history like "No one entered India before, 1992 AD"
Lol.
There was even european migration in ancient India. You will find many greek and roman architecture in various temples in india.
It will be better for you guys if you stop living in this propagated false thinkings!
Hindus ancestors may have come before the muslims.Thats it. Did you forget Aryan invasion?
(Now please dont say aryans are indians :3 )
@@Hi5Ripon Everyone used to loot at that time. If anyone didn't, then they couldn't!
@@jijijijijjjiijijijjjjj the difference is others were not settled as slaves,most of the Bangladeshi muslims, not Bengali Muslims are descendants of slaves who were settled less than 500 years ago.You were not Bengalis, you were settled by the mughals and arakan Portugese allies. There were various Bengali Muslims including settled Arabs,central Asians even Africans before your forefathers even spoke Bengali.
Fun fact : When you go to Delhi, make sure you visit Humayun's tomb site, believe me its architecture is just somptuous, his wealthy wife (Bega Begum) built it for him because she loved him so much and got saddened by his sudden death, you will see that the tomb's architecture resembles a bit Taj Mahal's structure (except that it's made with red stone sand instead of white marble), so the Taj Mahal was basically built by Humayun's gran grandson (Shah Jahan) using a slightly similar architecture almost 75 years later as a proof of love to his beloved wife (Mumtaz) who died while giving birth.... really fascinating isn't it !
falling from the steps of a library is literally the most underrated way of death.
Ikr! There's proof for all eternity that you liked to read.
NEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEERRRRRRRRRRD!
Many Muslim rulers died unfitting deaths for example the mamluk sultan of India died because he fell of a horse while playing polo , that's why Henry the eight was not allowed to jousting
@@muhammadpasha313
Qutub Uddin Aibak yeah he died playing Polo. Shahabuddin Ghori was assassinated by khokhars while praying Namaz at the banks of Indus. Ghiyasuddin Tughluq another Sultan of India was killed by his vazier by tricking him to enter a wooden pavillion that was set to collapse on him.
But still Humayun's fall in library is unmatched.
Converision=getting a massive army. I'm seeing a trend in history.
Start8ng my new year with Almuqadimah’s latest video
A final gift of 2021 can't wait to see where you go in 2022
Another high-quality video, thank you for teaching me a bit more about my heritage, I appreciate it.
First, love your videos man! Peace be with you 🙂
Great informative video thank you.
very interesting, I had never heard of this suri empire before
My great-grandfather(born 1910) told me we are descended from Sultan Sher Shah Suri, the males of our family still use the 'Sur' tribal surname along with some pashto words mixed with mostly urdu.
Are you from Bihar, India?
We wuz sher shah n sheit
Sher Shah Suri is one of my most favourite ruler in all of history.
great vid
Happy New Year Everyone ❤ Hope 2022 is more better than 2021
Falling down the stairs is an extremely funny way for a ruler to go out.
Mughals had lot of luck and determination.... even though Humayun wasn't that great, he made a son that became one of the Greatest Monarch Ever!!
The most savage thing they did was that they made Rajpoots fight other Hindus. Though Hindu wasn't a term at that time for a religion but still.
@@imaad2042 Hindu Kings really weren't United. They mostly focused on their own small Kingdoms rather than following path of conquerers... There was no Hinduism. Before it was just branches of Shaivites, vaishnavites, Shaktism, etc. They followed their own God and also, These branches always competed against eachother for religious supremacy while islamic rulers were much focused on conquering lands
I would argue that Humayun was actual really good. He lost everything, but got most of it back before he died. No other emperor in history had ever done that.
@@semimythentertainment6122 Persian ShahanShah Takhmasp helped him.
@@imaad2042 didnt say he did it alone, all empires are formed with the help of others, but he wasn't a totally inept leader is all I was getting at
Great...
New year, new video
Yeah, about this succession plan. As soon as Tamerlan died, the empire broke into civil war with brothers against brothers. That tradition continues every time the emperor dies. This is one key reason how Mughal was conquered by Marathi.
You'd think they could have devised a better succession plan during all these times.
Like primogeniture?
@@blugaledoh2669 I'm partial to rock-paper-scissor. Winner is the new emperor. Too bad people with armies are no fun.
@@moozillamoo2109 I second this statement.
Like election? Doing election would make them in line with sunni tradition while also still bring inheritance into the family with some tricks. Probably would turning Mughal into something like Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth.
@@apalahartisebuahnama7684 No I don't like that. The last thing I want is nobles getting too much power by controlling who gets to be king.
3rd and Final Phase : 1540 to 1555
Overnight Humayun had gone from Emperor to pauper prince and was now traversing hostile terrain deserts,mountain valleys and passes enroute to the Safavid persian empire.
Under threat to life and after enduring much humiliation,humayun was forcibly converted to shi'ite faith at the behest of the Safavid Shah Tahmasp. Having spent 15 years in exile,humayun came out of the ordeal a better version of himself.
Having rebuilt his troops and now armed with persian military support,Humayun finally set out to chastise his recalcitrant brothers. At the head of a large army,Humayun marched out to besiege and take both Kabul and Kandahar. Ironically on his very arrival in the vicinity of Kabul and Kandahar,all those who had abandoned him 15 years ago when he had lost the battles of Chausa and Bilgram were now defecting his brothers and flocking over to his side prompting Humayun to remark:
"In very truth the greater part of the inhabitants of the world are like a flock of sheep, wherever one goes the others immediately follow"
However his lack of judgement allowed Kamran to retake both Kabul and Kandahar on 2 more occasions forcing him to launch campaigns to get the situation under control. When he did get them under control Humayun was prompted by his nobles to execute Kamran but he refused to do so once again. Only when they pressurized and threatened him with abandonment did he relent and decide to blind him instead of outrightly executing him.
Meanwhile back in india Sultan Sher shah had died in a freak rocket accident at the siege of Kalinjar in 1545 after ruling for 5 years. His Once powerful Suri Sultanate had now fractured into 4 fragments with his children fighting in a civil war against each other. The westernmost suri domain was under the rule of Sikandar shah suri. The situation was now ripe for Humayun to mount a counter-offensive.
Seizing the opportunity Humayun finally embarked on his last campaign to reclaim his throne at the head of a vast army. This time however he had made one change..he placed the army under the leadership of one Bairam Khan whom he had gotten acquainted with while he was in Persia. Bairam proved himself to be a clever tactician.
Sikandar suri sent out a force of 30,000 to intercept the mughals and there at the Battle of Machhiwara in May 1555...a much smaller Mughal force under Bairam feigned retreat and led a much larger suri host into an artillery trap and ambushed and destroyed them.
This defeat prompted Sikandar suri himself to take to the field with 80,000 troops and there 2 forces met finally at the Battle of Sirhind in June 1555. Ironically Humayun and Bairam Khan carried out a daring raid in a rainstorm on the Suri force and routed it in a fashion similar to the one Sher shah had done to Humayun at the Battle of Chausa 1539. With nothing stopping him now the victorious emperor humayun marched up and took delhi and reclaimed his throne after 15 years in exile.
The battle of sirhind is almost an example of a lesson well learnt and reproduced in a perfect manner.
In this final phase one can see that Humayun learnt from his mistakes and emerged a better version of himself as a general. He made up for his shortcomings with Bairam while still leading the campaign. Its easy to think Bairam was responsible for the victories but the campaign and its overall strategy itself would have been impossible to execute without Humayun's leadership or character.
As one can see in his first phase humayun was an energetic young prince eager to prove himself and when he applied himself to task with vigor he had splendid success as at Malwa and Gujarat against a very good opponent;especially an opponent like Bahadur shah who did not charge headlong foolishly like Sultan Ibrahim Lodi did at the Battle of Panipat. Humayun at the battle of Mandsaur infact shows stunning flexibility in dealing with a challenging military situations and especially with one where the opponent was mirroring Mughal tactics.
The second phase brings out the faultlines in his character both as an individual as well as a general. Flushed with success he sunk into Laxicity and indecisiveness. Where other commanders mostly only flinched,humayun mostly fumbled and tumbled(literally both in life as well as in battle) and committed blunders. The phase woke him up from deep slumber exposing him to harsh realities of sovereignty.
In the third and final phase Humayun came out a more refined individual both as a general basking in victories as well as being magnanimous after that. He adjusted himself and made up for his shortcomings by employing the right kind of subordinates whilst also rigorously applying himself to the task.
The reason Humayun's reputation suffers as a weak ruler is mostly because he lived in a time where he was surrounded by titans everywhere both in his family as well as outside.
With a brilliant general for a father(Babur) and an excellent all-rounder-emperor (social,cultural,military and administrative) for a son(Akbar) there was little Humayun could do to achieve anything when he had to face the greatest military genius of his age;Sher shah and an equally crafty prince like Bahadur shah whilst also dealing with 3 treacherous brothers constantly out to kill him. The odds were especially stacked against him when as a conqueror he was not capable of bloodshed like any of his rivals or contemporaries. Both his father Babur and his rival Sher shah were ruthless or bloodthirsty when it came to matters of war or power but humayun was not given to such temperament.
Given the kind of defeats and hardships he faced at Sher Shah's hands,its quite understandable why mughals called him Ustad-i-Badshahan(Teacher of emperors).As historian Satish Chandra mentions Humayun clearly did not understand the nature of Afghan threat and the kind of political clout and influence the afghan landed nobles exercised in East UP,Bihar and Bengal in those times. He was young, inexperienced and unaware of the potential dangers he could face both externally well as internally. It took a harsh defeat and loss of his throne to realize the nature of afghan threat. But he matured over time much like his predecessor babur whose own career in ferghana and samarkand was no less topsy turvy. But by no means was Humayun an incompetent ruler.
In many ways it would seem both Emperor Humayun and Sultan Sher Shah's lives were similar and mirrored each other. Both were incomplete without each other and both were responsible for each other's character development.
One one hand Humayun,born into an illustrious dynastic family . Brought up in luxury and glory.
On the other hand a simple young bihari pathan born in sasaram village to a small time landlord.
One was born into a relatively easy lifestyle,while
The other had a troubled childhood.
One was adored by his father Babur,while
The other was despised by his father on account of his scheming stepmother.
One was born into enjoyment but had to endure hardships to learn the value of retaining an enjoyable life
The other had to endure hardships early to enjoy his fruits of labor.
One ran away from his home
The other ran away from the country
One had to forsake his home and wealth to reinvent and educate himself.
The other educated himself and built his wealth and home.
One had to run way from home after defeat in broad daylight to save the life he had.
The other quietly slipped away from home at night to get a life he did not have.
One was born sophisticated and had to toughen up and become street smart.
The other was toughened up and street smart enough to become a sophisticated ruler.
Ultimately one ran away from his home and ended up displacing the other out of his home,but in the end both ran away from homes to rediscover their homes.
But they both made each other. You can't have a Sher shah without a Humayun on the run and you can't have a resurgent Humayun without Sher Shah's nightmares.
They both deserved each other and I see the scores are settled.
One ran away from home to live an adventurous life and the uncertainties of an adventurous life killed him.
The other took to an adventurous life in order to get back home but he died at home.
One went out of his house and died while the other came back to his house and died.
What matters is by the time both died both were victorious and knew the value of sovereignty by then.
Ultimately both also died in freak accidents.
Coupled with that I think Humayun had the worst kind of luck that any prince could have in history. Ironically Humayun's name meant "lucky/conquerer" but he was the most unfortunate ruler in history.
As historian Stanley lane poole summarises "if there ever was a possibility of falling,Humayun was not the man to miss it,he tumbled through his life and tumbled out of it".Ultimately he died slipping down from his library stone staircase.
As a popular historian edward holden surmises "the very defects of his character that render him less admirable as a successful ruler of nations make us more fond of him as a man...his renown has suffered in the sense that his reign came between the brilliant conquests of his father Babur and beneficent statesmanship of his son Akbar but he was not unworthy to be the son of one and the father of the other."
Humayun was also like most of his predecessors and successors neither narrow minded nor bigoted as a ruler in the context of his times. At a time when most of western Islamic world was plunged into a sectarian conflicts between shias and sunnis,Humayun took on a shia Wife Hamida banu,employed shias as generals and subordinates and despised sectarian conflicts between shias and sunnis.
Even with all his flaws,trials and tribulations he emerged a better person and ruler than he was and left behind a substantial legacy for his son Akbar . He is certainly one among the many long list of fascinating indian rulers.
They were both like batman and joker they complete each other
Thank you I shared this with my 7th grade history class.
*Happy New year to everyone, love from Bangladesh 🇧🇩 ❤.*
Happy new year, man.
Me also from Bangladesh
Hi sir, I am a big fan of your works and a regular viewer from Bangal (Bangladesh). I came to know that recently many many peoples are not aware about a strong Sultanat of Bangal and as a fan of your in depth research works, It would be awesome if you cover the history of Bangla Sultanat, I know it might be hard for you to do and may be there are lot more important sultanates are there to cover then bangal and people may be more interested to watch them instead of bangal, But pls consider it as a fan request. Thanks for hearing from me, Love your contents
Happy New Year!
As far as Humayun's record as a general goes...
1st phase: 1530 to 1537
Newly crowned Humayun was young energetic and eager. Early on in his reign humayun crushed a rebellion swiftly and strengthened his hold on the throne.
Cautious of the ever defiant of afghans in the east and wily Bahadur in the west,Humayun applied himself to the task of campaigning with rigor. Wary of Bahadur Shah's intent,Humayun carefully watched as Bahadur marched and conquered the Malwa Sultanate annexing it to his kingdom following it up with inroads into Rajasthan. By mid 1530s Bahadur shah had extended his rule upto malwa in the east and was besieging chittor in the north. This aggression bought Bahadur shah's borders straight up to the mughal empire's western boundaries quite logically creating tensions between the two. Secondly Bahadur shah gave asylum to humayun's rebels and dispatched armies to attack Humayun's domains quite naturally escalating to war between the two.
This is where Humayun's competence as a commander figures into the picture. Since Bahadur Shah's armies were busy besieging chittor. Humayun marched out of agra in early 1535. Instead of directly engaging the Gujarat army at chittor Humayun,marched via sarangpur and raisen straight to Ujjain placing himself in a strategic position to cut off Bahadur shah's army if he were to retreat either to Ahmedabad in Gujarat or mandu in malwa. Thus by way of a masterstroke humayun presented bahadur shah with a difficult choice to sacrifice either Gujarat or malwa..one at the expense of the other. If bahadur shah wanted to retain his domain in entirety he would have to come straight to humayun and fight him in malwa.
That is exactly what happened..after Bahadur shah concluded his siege of chittor,he marched and came up straight face to face against humayun a few miles north of Ujjain where the battle of mandsaur was fought.
Bahadur shah was quite confident of winning since he had attempted to model his army along Babur's mughal tactics. Having acquired artillery and a master gunner rumi khan,bahadur hoped to build a strong defensive fortification line and fight Humayun the same way Babur fought the lodi afghans 10 years ago at the battle of Panipat. What he didn't understand was that Humayun was not the average afghan commander.
However this was deja vu for Humayun. If there was anyone who could have seen through this strategy,it was Humayun who was brought up in that system of war. Perceiving frontal attack to be suicide,Humayun instead ordered his troops to cut off the food supplies and communication lines of bahadur shah's camp. Within 2 weeks bahadur's camp began starving and horses in his camp began dying. Thus faced with imminent defeat, Bahadur and his followers fled the field via lesser known route to mandu in malwa.
Having beaten bahadur,Humayun pursued and besieged him at Mandu. Bahadur opened negotiations with Humayun as a result of which the garrison of the fort relaxed its vigilance. Taking advantage of this Humayun's troops swiftly climbed the walls and opened the gates for the rest of the army to enter the city. In the panic that followed bahadur quickly fled to champaner hoping to hold out from a stronger position.
Humayun pursued him straight to champaner and besieged him there. Leaving his supporters to hold the city bahadur fled champaner to Diu hoping to enlist Portuguese support. Humayun however gave no breathing space to his opponent and vigorously pursued him till cambay. Thus having driven away bahadur to Portuguese arms,Humayun returned to complete his siege of champaner.
After some time Humayun's troops found a secret path into the city and the walls were scaled and champaner was taken. As is known Humayun was the 41st man among his troops to enter the city.
Having taken southern Gujarat,Humayun's troops clashed with another 30,000 of bahadur shah's troops at the battle of mahmudabad and in a hotly contested battle defeated them. Thus the road to Ahmedabad lay open and all of Gujarat fell to humayun.
Thus in a span of less than 10 months since leaving agra,Humayun had conquered both Malwa and Gujarat and added them to his territories. An achievement for which he's hardly given any credit.
But humayun assigned the administration of Gujarat to his imbecile brother Askari. The incompetence of Askari and unwillingness of the mughal officials and nobles to administer so far away from home and family gave bahadur shah the opportunity to mount a counter offensive and retake parts of kingdom. Askari who was tasked with Gujarat's defence instead ran away.
It would not be until after 2 decades that malwa and Gujarat both would fall to the empire during his son akbar's reign.
But in a surprising turn of events Sultan Bahadur shah died in a minor scuffle that broke out during a deal with the Portuguese navy.
Man wrote my whole homework 😂
While there's no doubt that Sher Shah was a crafty and superior commander,Humayun's reputation as an inept ruler has sunk in mostly because of the fact he reigned in an era filled with military geniuses and partly because of the superficial understanding of history without delving deep..there is no emphasis in schools or colleges to read and understand history..its rather reduced to collection of facts,statements and dates..
Any ruler,commander or even athlete must be weighed in terms of the opposition and quality of opposition he faced..
Emperor humayun's era saw multiple competent rivals..chiefly the upcoming afghan star Sher shah, Sultan Bahadur Shah of Gujarat Sultanate and then 3 of his treacherous brothers . I'd say those are harsh odds for any commander even with the kind of naivety humayun displayed in his early phase as a ruler.
There is a generalization that Humayun was a weak and incompetent ruler and general . From closer examination however it would appear he wasn't bad in the art of war . As far as mughal approach to war itself was concerned humayun was quite learned and accustomed with the traditional mughal 'tulghuma' tactics. Mughal tactics involved a lethal combination of extensive fortifications,trenches and breastworks,artillery and musketry and Uzbeki mode of cavalry encirclement. Babur fused Ottoman wagon artillery tactics and uzbeki steppe mode of warfare and created his own hybrid style of warfare . Essentially this was an offensive defensive arrangement and approach to war.
We can know this because humayun served in his father Emperor Babur's military campaigns in the Indian subcontinent. From the Baburnama(Babur's Autobiography)itself it's evident that humayun served under his father as an officer in either the Mughal left or the right wing on various occasions right from the 1st Battle of Panipat (1526 AD),Battle of Khanwa(1527 AD) upto the last campaign of Babur in the battle of Ghaghra(1529 AD) along with his brothers. This is an important phase for any young upcoming prince poised to succeed his father....because these battles prove the military genius of Babur as a commander especially the fact that Babur managed to beat Maharana Sangram Singh's overwhelming force at Khanwa . Maharana Sangram Singh along with Maharana Kumbha and Maharana Pratap are some of the most talented generals that Sisodiya Mewar ever produced . Babur's win against Sangram Singh at khanwa is even more important in the sense that Sanga had defeated The lodi sultan Ibrahim lodi of delhi Sultanate at the battles of Khatoli and Dholpur. Sanga had also defeated a coalition force of the Malwa sultanate and the Gujarat Sultanate at the battle of Gagron. In most of these 3 occasions Sanga was outnumbered and still managed to beat his opponents. In that context Sanga was a tried and tested general and the most experienced commander in North india at that point. It is this fact that makes Babur's victory at khanwa even more fascinating. Against this background it is highly unlikely that humayun would turn out to be so bad as a general? No right..
Well if u analyse deeper you will find it is true actually. Humayun's reign has 3 phases
1)1530 to 1537 :Energetic young prince eager to work and command
2)1537 to 1540 :Not particularly bad but not upto the mark. This phase is marked by a stretch of inactivity
3)1540 to 1555 :Better form and at what i would call his peak as a commander and ruler,back to his old energetic self and is 15 years wiser. This happens against the backdrop of a 15 year exile after his defeat at Sher Shah's hands.
When humayun came to power at age 23 in 1530,he was inexperienced,did not enjoy the support of all the nobles at court and also encountered opposition from a section of nobles who argued he was inept. This problem was complicated by the fact that upon Babur's death the empire was technically divided among the brothers though Babur crowned Humayun to succeed him as Padishah. What this meant was that Humayun was Supreme overlord only in name and paper and his hold over his brothers and their territories was tenuous at best. Giving the provinces to his brothers meant the empire was defacto divided.
Adding to these was the fact that as all princes ascending to the throne he inherited his father's political and military problems.
1)The Afghan Probelm:
The now displaced lodi afghans(after the battle of Panipat 1526) and the afghan landlords in East UP, Bihar and Bengal who enjoyed a great deal of influence and political clout in the Eastern front posed the biggest danger to Humayun's nascent empire.
2)Farid Khan
Against this backdrop of the afghan defiance and resurgence was a young upcoming small but crafty Bihari Pathan landlord named farid khan,who was constantly working behind the scenes to increase his power and influence. Born in Sasaram,Bihar sher shah was the son of a minor afghan landlord. Farid ran away from home at a very young age unable to tolerate the machinations of his stepmother; to the cultural center of Jaunpur. There he underwent islamic education and other necessary arts. Having been deprived of his father's estate by his scheming stepmother,Farid had served a number of afghan lords,amirs,maliks and sultans from time to time in order to regain the estate. He was a big time party hopper and had switched sides and hopped parties multiple times during the days of the Lodi Sultanate. At some point between 1526 to 1530 Farid Khan also served in Babur's Mughal Empire as an army officer and then had parted ways to forge his own path again. This meant he definitely had an experience of how the mughal war machine worked. He would go on to Establish his own Sultanate and become "Sultan Sher shah".
3)The Gujarat Sultanate:
Gujarat at this point was also ruled by a competent Sultan Bahadur shah. Also aged 23,Bahadur was crafty, ambitious,energetic and ever intent on expanding his rule especially into malwa and its nearby areas.
4)And ofcourse 3 backstabbing brothers:
Unlike most monarchs Humayun was ever caring and affectionate to his brothers...Forgiving and sparing their lives on multiple occassions often against better advice and counsel. These 3 guys were about as competent as the other rivals if not better. On numerous occasions they plotted his killing and even considered parcelling humayun off to sher shah. They were about as crafty and cunning as the others and often swung between opposing Humayun's authority and pretending loyalty on various occasions.
This kind of opposition is almost impossible for any ruler to have a stable rule without having to struggle and fight for life and death.
I like this channel.
happy new years ya all
pls continue the great work sir these video save me about 2 hr in anuual exam times
Hey, you have the best maps in the history CZcamsr game. Is it a certain software you use?
dame good
Very good 👍 👏
Can you go more in depth in the first 100 years of Islam, and the individual life's of the caliphs? Thank you
Im history student, this channel is my fav, please do video about ottaman empire plsss
Not a single mention of the great Hindu general of Suri Hemu?
That part should come under Akbar's chapter.
Grand trunck road was build by Mauryan empire. Rupyak means silver in sanskrit. Rupee again trance to mauryan empire. Correct me if I'm wrong.
Half Wrong
@@RbRaza007 correct the wrong.
Do a video on Tughluq dynasty, Lodhi Dynasty, Deccan Sultanates and Tipu Sultan also, they all are quite underrated.
The most neglected part south india actually have more islamic history that's not talked about sadly
how can I contact you personally ?
3:30 did you just say that Sher Shah was born in Haryana, which was in former Punjab? That makes no sense. Please double check your Info on that. But as always I really enjoyed the effort you put in your videos
Is the map of 7:53 correct? I always understood that after Humayun took over Delhi in 1555 various Suri forces like those led by Hemu were still in control of Eastern India including Bengal so this map is wrong in show Eastern India and especially Bengal as part of the Mughul Empire.
Well that's correct, Suri power was still present in eastern gangetic plains.
Hoping you make a video about the Deccan region of India. It is one of the most underrepresented areas of Islamic Indian history
Please some day do a video of the muslim calendar , how it works? When are the most holy days?
Basically its a lunar calendar with day zero being the time of migration of prophet Muhammad(S) from Makkah to Madinah due to persecution. The holiest days would be the two Eids.
hi admin of the Al-Muqaddimah channel, I'm from the Indonesian audience, I'm asking the channel for help, allow it to be translated into Indonesian, please, Indonesia has many Muslims, if with this channel we Muslims in Indonesia learn more about world history related to Islam, I beg you to consider my request for a translation or subtitle maybe in the video 🙏🏼🙏🏼
Great video. There is a huge debate over Humayun's conversion to Shi'ism though.
In my opinion, he might have just agreed but didn't convert.
To get help from the safavids , he had to convert
I wanted the link for the map. Can I get the link?
Where are you from actually i cant pin-point your accent. Its seems south asian to me.?
Very interesting part of education . I'm a SRILANKAN accidentally found this video § Read them with great interest . My comparison of this period with our history is that the Era of Portuguese entered & got themselves settled was 1505 Ad. Thanks !
Wrong Info = 6:07 GT road was built by Chandra Gupta Mourya he named it "uttara Patha" stop giving wrong facts.
Sher Shah Suri repaired it, not buld.
Builders of Empire: Freemasonry and British Imperialism
by
Jessica L. Harland-Jacobs
Review by
Derek Allen Clements
where are you from
the way you said 'jerk' 😂
Grand Trunk Road was a name given by the British to downscale the significance of what was a groundbreaking infrastructure project of its time. The original name was Shahrah-e-Azam meaning the Royal road/boulevard and I feel that the legacy should be revived.
Another interesting chain of events between Babur and Sher Shah Suri began with the Ghakkar Clan who ruled North Punjab and the greater Potohar region who were allies of Hamayun. These guys were such a problem for Sher Shah that he pledged to build the Rohtas Fort (now standing in Jhelum, Punjab, Pakistan) and put down their rebellion but they used the same guerilla tactics on Sher Shah that he had used in Bengal.
Sher Shah ended up paying an Ashrafi coin to the Ghakkars for every brick to build the 12km circumferenced fort to avoid political disaster. Sher Shah died before its completion and his son soon lost the empire as the Ghakkars allied with Hamayun to go and sack Delhi which ended the Suri Empire.
Running an empire isn't as easy as you'd think and you need a lot more than violence to keep it running.
Grand trunk road is a cool name because it sounds like an elephant. There are royal roads everywhere...
When you think about it Sher Shah Suri was actually playing mount and blade irl.
Do you believe the fall of the Mughal Empire is inevitable? Because it seemed not to matter who gained the throne between Aurangzeb and Dara Shukoh, everyone said that both of them will somehow contributed to the fall of the Empire in the end because of their own natures and personalities.
It is difficult to speculate but in my opinion, the mughals would have ruled longer had Dara Shikoh got the throne.
@@uzochiokeke4328 Akbar indianized mughal rule. If Dara become king he made Islamic mughal rule to Hindu mughal rule. That's why Islamist choose and glorified Aurangzeb.
@@mayursonawane1479 and they rarely praise Akbar because he left islam later in life and he wasn't a religious bigot like aurangzeb.
@@uzochiokeke4328 Actually no, Dara Shikoh was a really intelligent and well-read on the matters of phiosophy, theology and the sciences, but he was inefficient and incompetent when it came to politics, military and administrative jobs, plus he was naive and too trusting of men.
Aurangzeb while being militarily capable and able to administrate, was too harsh and brutal with his religious policies and too bigoted (which led to constant rebellions and weakening of the Mughal treasury) and he also didn't know when to end a war, his Deccan campaigns which lasted over 30 years, sapped the resources and strained the state, and in the end it was a pyrrhic victory, since the Maratha rebellion wasn't completely extinguished and in the end all it led to was weakening the Mughal state.
@@uzochiokeke4328 Dara would have become a puppet, manipulated and deposed or killed within a few years after becoming ruler, and then they would sink into further civil wars.
In the end neither was really good for the throne.
Syawish Rehman, would you allow us to translate your work in Bangla? There is a gaping need for proper Islamic History in Bangla language.
Wasn't Sher Shah born in Sasaram, Bihar and not Haryana? Where his mausoleum is located. Correct me if I'm wrong
Mausoleums are built to mark death, not birth.
@@AlMuqaddimahYT Thanks for the video and reply but his mausoleum is located in Sasaram where he was born
So what happened to Humayun conversion to Shiism?
He probably just agreed to convert but didn't really do it.
Bro u didnt mention hemu(shershah general)
Humayun's life might be good for historical drama series.
Maybe u can make prominent far east Islamic empire....maybe a fall of Malacca maybe...the Strong foundation of early European dominance in the region
After defeating humayun he build A fort in jhelum in where the mountains for afghanistan meet the plains of punjabcalled rohtas fort in 1440to prevent humayun from returning from afghanistan The fort was never been taken by storm to till date and was an example of early muslim military architectures in pakistan and india
❤🤩
The Pathans are more fierce warriors than the Mughal - Turkish-Mongols.
Yes they still are!
Sher Shah did not build the Grand trunk road, he just improved upon a major route that was already in existence from centuries ago
Sher Shah Actually made GT Road. Before him it was just way but he made it proper road for Caravans by improving it's condition, by setting up rest places, by setting up mosques, etc
@@imaad2042 umm not really if you have read anthropological reports and research
@@imaad2042 but then again 95% of people just peddle convenient truths without reading or doing their own research
@@imaad2042 there were ample rest stops and wells and trees being planted for shade in previous iterations of it .......
@@sarthakkukreti2444 Who made the Taj Mahal?
First, there is a very big misconception that you have not addressed. Once Humayun died in January 1556, his son didn't ascend the throne immediately. A hindu general Hemu challenged Akbar and defeated him at the battle of Tughlaqabad in October 1556. Hemu then took over Delhi and ruled. However, his reign was short-lived as Hemu fell at the Second Battle of Panipat two months later.
Freelance soldier 🤣 good one
Fun fact: Freelancer actually comes from mercenaries. Freelancers are people whose lances aren't committed to any banners.
7:52 Humayun did not conquer Bengal. After the fall of the Suri Empire, the Suri governor of Bengal, Muhammad Khan re-established the Bengal Sultanate. Muhammad Khan took the title Sultan Shamsuddin Muhammad Shah Ghazi of Bengal. Muhammad Shah took the name 'Shamsuddin' in honor of the first Sultan of Bengal, Shamsuddin Iliyas Shah.
Bengal was conquered by Akbar when the last Sultan of Bengal, Dawud Shah Karrani was defeated at the Battle of Rajmahal in 1576.
Just in time
Sher shah suri was one of the best Emperors of India
Shere Khan built the trunk road? What did Hathi have to say about that?
The Lion King? 🤔 Noice..
Humayun strikes me as a ruler who could do much more better in times of peace but not this era
نريد ترجمة عربية
You have skipped Akbar too having to leave, due to hemu and then attacking under bairam Khan. It was an important part of early Mughal history
Suri sent his general Habib Khan Niyazi to conquer kashmir but the whole army got massacred by Malik Daulat Chak
3:35 sher shah suri Or sher khan was born in the city of "sasaram" of the present day bihar state,india. not in Haryana.......
He was given the title Sher Shah Suri due to him killing a lion/tiger and protecting his leader before he was a king
I live in the region that belongs to Suri
You made an mistake, Sher shah Suri was born modern day Bihar not Haryana
Sher Khan, don't a good name to the Janjua Rajput of Kasak Fort and Ghakkar of Rawat Fort. Mass slaughter and carnage was brought to Potohar region (Punjab) after Suri came to Delhi throne.
Alauddin Khilji also murdered his uncle, plundered temples for their wealth, failed to defend Delhi against the Mongols, and was notorious for his hatred towards Hindu. Be objective.
Failed to defend Delhi against the Mongols?! Seriously?! Ever Padmavaat couldn't change that fact.
He was strict against both Hindus and Muslims.
He didn't hate one single religion specifically like you're trying to prove.
He was ruthless though.
"Alauddin Khilji also murdered his uncle"
Common in those days
" plundered temples for their wealth"
True
"failed to defend Delhi against the Mongols"
He won lmao
"and was notorious for his hatred towards Hindu"
He was considered ruthless and tyrannical even for his time, both Hindus and Muslims suffered under him.
Why you didn't mentioned Mir chakar rind the ruler of Baluchistan
In that time Baluchistan wasn't the part of safavid. Mir chakar fought against the Sher shah and helped hümayun.
He was just a plunder and bandit not a ruler.
Alauddin khilji . What a great man . Wasnt he the person who destroyed nalanda and beheaded all the monks or was it his ancestors
bakhtiyar khilji
He stopped the Mongols and boy if Mongols have invaded India, almost everything would be cease to exist
Abhishek K it was Bakhtiyar Khilji who destroyed Buddhist vihars in Bihar & Pal Empire in Bengal.
@@redstream1237 lol it was basically the same.... according to your sage logic what was the difference between him and the gengis's hordes ?
@@sarthakkukreti2444 that he didn't ordered his soldiers to take two heads from every house and he didn't killed the 30% population
He also invented the Rupee which was Afghanistan's old currency!
@GIGACHAD No, Rupee means currency in Pashto and was invented by Sher Shah. Do some research.
@@GreaterAfghanistanMovement Not really
How tf did Bihar go from Chanakya, Ashoka, Sher Shah Suri to what it is now?
Shah Suri/Sher Khan Afghan Bihari ruler
Just finished Alex Rutherford’s series on Mughals and then came to muqadimah to fact check. Highly recommend for fans of historical fiction.
Interesting video. That's why I think democracy is the greatest invention ever, the number of lives saved by democracy is absolutely countless. with democracy succession can happen peacefully through election. Before democracy succession is a very bloody process.
I think democracy has its downsides as well. Democracy is often times linked with majoritarianism. The political environment becomes very toxic with heavy polarization to get voters.
@@Ismail-hx4qj Whichever gives one personal freedom. Democracy with the elements of socialism like separating the state from the church etc is by far the best system.
@@jamieammar6131 I agree on Winston Churchill about democracy, isn't the best system but safer compare to the others.
It's the people who need to be true to their job. A president or a King needs to be honest and have the values. A system is just a tool to execute good or bad.
Ah no, democracies probably won't work in the past.
Why Mughals didn’t recognise the Ottoman Caliphate?
Want a video about this....
Because they were not descendents of Hazrat Mohammed (s)
Because they weren't actually a Caliphate to start with. A Caliphate cannot be confined to a particular part of Muslim world only, while rest are out of it's authority. After weakening of Abbasids no Muslim power was worthy of being termed as a Caliphate including Ottomans.
@@shadmannafiskhan7160
Neither were Rashiduns or Ummayads or Abbasids. It's not about Hazrat Muhammad (saw) descendants.
India: Mount & Blade edition
Sir, all muslim invaders were emperors of india,killing each other. Poor Humayun,was in wilderness till Shia persian king helped him come back to India finally falling to his death from stairs in Delhi fort.
shehrshah's land system is still used in pakistan
Sher Shah was born in Sasaram, Bihar not Haryana.
That's his resting place
He was born in sarrasam
Babur also conquered bengal
Suri Empire controled Sindh, no?