6 Living Former Monarchs Who Retired
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- čas přidán 25. 06. 2024
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Living Former Monarchs Who Retired
Queen Elizabeth II considered abdication to be a dirty word. She remained on the throne until her death at 96, and left her son Charles to waiting 73 years to take the job he was born to. But abdication is not so despised in other countries. In recent decades more monarchs have elected to retire and pass the throne on to the next generation. Thus allowing them to spend their golden years relaxing and enjoying their ridiculously well-funded retirement plans. Plus we’ll find out what an ex monarch does in retirement; from studying fish to living in a log cabin to getting into even more scandal than they did on the throne. Let’s meet the world’s 6 living former monarchs...
Akihito, Former Emperor of Japan
Albert II, Former King of Belgium
Juan Carlos I, Former King of Spain
Beatrix, Former Queen of the Netherlands
Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Former Emir of Qatar
Jigme Singye Wangchuck, Former Dragon King of Bhutan
Check out the History Tea Time Podcast:
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Music: 'Dream of the Ancestors' by Asher Fulero
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When Akihito wanted to abdicate, it technically wasn’t legal to do so. But because the Emperor is constitutionally forbidden from getting involved in politics, he couldn’t ask for the law to be changed, so he had to make a statement just saying that he is tired of being emperor, so then parliament read through the lines and decided to make abdication legal. Oh and a minor fun fact is that he went to school with Yoko Ono
He's also a fan of X Japan, and drummer/bandleader Yoshiki Hayashi composed and performed a piece for his tenth year on the throne.
Reading through the lines by saying something different is the MOST Japanese thing you could do. Couldn't have expected more from the Japanese emperor. LOL.
A
@@EmpireProductions1No doubt when in Japan and speaking to Japanese people this custom should be observed, but here on CZcams its non-observance should not be considered rude or offensive.
@@Lady_Flashheart40mm
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Shoutout to the Belgian king, THE international wingman
🤢🤮
Hilarious that Akihito got the king of Belgium to be a wingman
Akihito and his wife have such an amazing love story. I can’t believe I’ve never heard of it before.
Same❤
Same. And the fact that they’re still together 65 years latter is amazing!
I want a movie about them please Japan be your best friend
I really like the fact that Akihito ask the King of Belgium to convince his parents about his marriage
Same
Well when it comes down to it they are all one big family
yes, because they marry each other.example is german king nicolas who married queen of russia cathetine. they ruled russia.
then german prince mountbatton philip who married queen elizabeth. if all countries are like them, their families ruled the world
@@bill4056tf you are talking about? Learn to write
@@bill4056Queen Victoria is the common ancestor of every single European monarchy, including several that have ceased to exist (Greece, Germany, and Russia among others)
Can we talk about Princess Beatrix’s tiny retirement castle 🏯
I actually love it lol
It is cute, but no doubt it has plenty of acerage to separate from the unwashed masses.
@@kuchikopi4631 it's about 20 acres. And the castle looks small but it is not. Its build in 1640 and has multiple salons, bedrooms, bedrooms for staff, 2 large kitchens, multiple bathrooms an art gallery (that the Princess uses) and a couple of offices.
Her son Friso is buried at the GraveYard next to the castle. His grave is precisely on the gate between castle and GraveYard. There are camera's recording the grave and the Princess can watch the live images if she wants to.
Very cute. I'd be happy there.
I really really wish you could to do a video on the Japanese monarchy! They have a rich history and the monarchy itself was almost abolished at the end of World War 2 but General MacArthur (I think, my history on that is scrambled becauseof different sources) preserved it.
i thought general macarthur was the man in the photo standing taller than the japanese emperor at that time to show the emperor was not a god like figure. not sure i heard anything about its monarchy almost being abolished though. they were allowed to continue as abolishing it would be more troublesome than not
Agreed! And learning about the Bhutanese royal family was a fascinating change of pace, too!
Agreed!
Agreed 😊
@@qy-exotic7717 Like I said my history is scrambled on that because many sources say it was supposed to be abolished, others say it wasn't meant to be abolished and then what you said.
I think it's a great idea to abdicate at certain age. They can enjoy retired life and see their son or daughter in the job. It's great for the heirs to not have to wait for their father or mother to die to inherit. That can't be easy and they can get job advice from the former ruler.
It's getting to be a tradition in the Netherlands.
I waited three decades for the monarchy in pop culture to abdicate
Retiring is important to those doing their daily routines depending on they're age except for Elizabeth II
I didn't know the oldest age you had to be to retire
@gablit-gt8kk it depends on which country you're in
Fun fact about Tsar Simeon II of Bulgaria: he ruled Bulgaria twice, as he was also once prime minister
He'll be in part 2!
Being elected leader of a country that deposed you as king is such a power move lol
The Kingdom of Bhutan, was the most fascinating.... Wish there was a lot more on it
Unfortunately, the Bhutan and the Thai royal families are pretty close and they share a lot of propaganda tactics with each other.
Yes ikrrr
Ah how beautiful it is to see a couple who fell in love, fought for their love and grew old together💝
I would LOVE a video about “Women who could have become Queen regnants, but didn’t for whatever reason” and like what their reign might have looked like and such (for example Charlotte, princess of Wales and Sophia of Hanover)
That would be difficult to do, as it would have to be basically any eldest daughter who was then displaced by a brother. But it would be interesting for sure
Sounds boring. A queen regent doesn't reign, either. They are more of a shadow guide place holder and still have the same advisers. So your question is asinine. And the "reign" would of been exactly the same, considering who ever was in charge at that time would have still been in charge and the queen regent wouldn't have altered a thing. Soft power is what a mother has anyway, so it would make no difference with the title. The advisors, committee and or second in command or heir would have still had the sway. And the mother of the heir would be cunning enough or present enough without a title if she didn't have one .
Im just guessing, it's such an odd request. Can I ask if you're thinking of any specific obscure instances when and where this has occurred? Cause it seems like an impossibility to also speculate on what people from history who's minds we don't know, how those women would have impacted anything by being a regent... it also seems incredibly irrelevant. You could say the same for anything in history "what if this was slightly different, whats the outcome?" Who knows, the variables are too numerous... you could say the same "what if I had married this man instead of... or taken that job, or moved here or went to that social gathering last weekend... what if i saw my grandma more regularly before she died? What if i stayed in school?....what if i wasnt assaulted as a child and didnt have adult ptsd maybe my life wouldnt be riddled with fear of intimacy, depression and alcoholism..."
Or anything in any of our day to day lives... I mean that stuff , my life which affects ME matters more than the hoighty toighty sheltered snobs of most of the old royal families. They were exceedingly boring. It was the philosphers, scientists and creative who were the world changers and who made their villages and cities better and solved problems. The peasants and middle classes too. Why are they not interesting? It's sad there's so little record of THEIR LIVES as they were too busy being down trodden by the boring, stuck up and vapid, sheltered and pathetic, shallow upper classes of those days. Imagine how boring the royals of old were. No character. No realness. As vapid as prince harry, no awareness of true suffering or depth. Just brand labels and status. No appreciation of food or the effort that goes into his tailored clothes, Clean sheets, clean carpets, ironed curtains, clean cars, polished shoes. No appreciation of art or design or buildings ... as he's never cooked or cleaned or made anything..Harry the self obsessed, image obsessed, cryel, pro censorship control freak has no idea how the world works. That's how most of them are around the world. Elitist rich people of all , including the corporation ceos and banker ceos, property tycoons etc but especially old money are the worst.
@@doxasophosmoros No need to be nasty. Asinine? Jeez
@@doxasophosmoros They said queen regnant (so reigning queen) not queen regent
@@doxasophosmoros I said REGNANT, not REGENT. Two different things.
The way both King Philippe of Belgium and King Felipe of Spain had to clean up their father’s mess
Its pretty. crazy how Juan Carlos manages to be the best and worst of these monarchs. He even now could be ruling monarch with the powers Franco gave him, instead Spain is now a democracy. And yet he has found a way to do near all the other possible scandal worthy things monarchs can be accused of.
Philippe did not have to deal with his much his father's scandal. But probably it was embarrassing.
King Baudouin of Belgium literally won my heart!😅
Queen Beatrix won mine
Bloody family build their money with poor people blood
@@TELESHIT324Beatrix *and* Margrethe won mine
He was even more Catholic than the Pope.
@@TELESHIT324alsof ze bij jullie zo heilig zijn de dochter van een nazi hoerenloper hij heeft er meer gehad dan onze koning Albert om dan nog maar te zwijgen van haar echtgenoot en de partner van haar oudste zoon de dochter van een massa moordenaar
Lindsay I’m back again with praise, I watch nothing but history on CZcams and though there are many of channels that are amazing none are as articulate, creative, and obviously educational! 😊💕
Wow, thank you!
Hey me too! I love history Lindsay is awesome! I also suggest Fall of Civilizations
@@cygana okay thank you, I’ll check it out.
@@cygana lol I already am subscribed to them and watched 1 video lol
@@pjaybasmaignee awesome! Could you recommend some other history channels?
Emperor Akihito seems like such a sweet human being.
Him and the former King of Bhutan. He seems like a chill dude, just wanting to live in his cabin 😂 makes me wanna look more into that family and history
@@mandymagnolia1966 "Log cabin" to the royal families aren't the same as regular people's log cabin.
@@est9949 I mean, of course it’s not gonna be like the “Little House in the Big Woods”-esq cabin, but he still seems pretty chill. Course I’m COMPLETELY unfamiliar with the royal family of Bhutan, but 😅
Beatrix was indeed very formal. Queen Juliana liked to be called Mevrouw (Ma'am)
Beatrix when she became queen changed it back to Majesty as she felt the office of Monarch required the title to show respect.
Mind you, not like in the UK when you would address the Queen as you're majesty and continuing addressing her as Ma'am, Beatrix wished to be referred to as your Majesty always. Love her and the old ways ❤👑
Dutch dont bow to their monarchs Wilhelmina or Juliana gor rid of it
I personally prefer Beatrix’ formality, it’s majestic and commands respect. King Willem Alexander and his family are too jolly and informal and remind me more of Hollywood celebrity than royalty.
@@yolandacroes5491 especially when they did that kardashian-esque photoshoot 😆
@@romo9122 exactly! Just ugh, why would you want to do that? I think Maxima took this too far and unfortunately WA hasn’t fully outgrown his prins pils persona.
@@yolandacroes5491 i have a feeling it might be the prinsesses who asked for this photoshoot. And I feel you know exactly which one Im thinking about 😆
It’s still crazy how 5 of the monarchies of Europe are related to each other through queen Victoria.
Fascinating to hear about all these people! I especially like the last one in how his only concern is for his country and to make sure his people are happy and well cared for! 😊
I think abdication is a very good thing for two reasons. One be that a king or queen can have their well deserved retirement. Second be that the retiree royal can support the new king/queen if necessary in order to have a flawless continuous royal power. If a royal is staying in power until he/she dies, there will be no such thing.
Worked for the UK…..
You have to retire at a certain age limit
I'm a Lebanese raised in Libya and was 11 years old when the revolution to overthrow Gadhafi happened... I am a big fan of your channel and I always learn a lot from you. so thank you so much for the great work you are doing!!!!.. But I want to point out that there is a small mistake in the video regarding Prince Hamad..... Prince Hamad never opposed the rebels in Libya in fact he was one of the first leaders to back them up financially. He even provided them with anti tank weapons and declared the Libyan state as the true government instead of Gadhafi's Jamahiriya in 2011... Along with Nicolas Sarkozy and Barak Obama.
I was thinking it didn't seem the fit the other things she was listing
i heard the story of the bhutan king before but it feels really great to hear again how he ruled his country
The effort you put into these videos is phenomenal! I absolutely adore your content and this was a very insightful and amazing vid! Keep up the good work👏!!
A lot of people only see the bad that monarchs have done, but plenty of them have done a lot of good too, like those Kings of Bhutan you mentioned and the end. Honestly they sound like the kind of people I would want as a monarch. Yes, some monarchs have done horrible things, but it's always important to see the good, and not just be blinded by the bad.
Much that I dislike some of the Asian monarchs (as I live here lol), I have to applaud Lindsay for always taking efforts to cover the history of all walks of people and all kinds of countries around the world. Your channel is truly one of a kind.
Which country are you in? I guess it's not Japan theirs seems goods
@@kylienielsen6975yes japan imperial fam are respected by japanese, but take it to consideration, people must be careful talking about them in some asian countries. there are still some who hate them and even loathe anything ab Japan
What an interesting topic indeed! There’s a great satire on a Monarch’s retirement plan.
Emperor Akihito sounds like a damn decent dude and his love story brought a tear to my eye. Have you ever seen anything sweeter than elderly Akihito and Michiko playing tennis?! They look so happy. Good for them 💙
And wait! King Jigme and his father and son can join the list of damn decent dudes. The European monarchies would do well to take a page from Asian monarchies, it might save their thrones..
Thank you Lindsay for introducing us to these sometimes incredible and othertimes revolting people. Thank you for being such an awesome storyteller and thank you for sharing your passions with us 💙💙💙
" The European monarchies would do well to take a page from Asian monarchies, it might save their thrones.."
Why? The thrones of the several European monarchs are not in any particular danger
He married four sisters…decent dude to who
Love your Content girl! Way better than anything on tv! You deserve Your own show!🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉❤❤❤❤❤
AMEN!!!!!
Well done! You never fail to come up with some details that I've never heard of before.
Thank you for your hard work, Lindsay!
I don't blame them for wanting to abdicate, they've worked hard all their lives and the younger generation might be more popular as the population gets younger
Actually the population on thsi countries are amon the oldest in the world
Great video
I'm never tired of hearing your voice
Is so fun to learn history with you!
I enjoyed that you gave a short backstory on each of the monarchs and their parents.
Elizabeth II considered "abdication" to be a dirty word mainly because of what the Duke of Windsor did to her father King George VI.
I'm not a fan of monarchy, but Akihito sounds like a wonderful guy ❤ and the king of Butan is a true hippie 🙂
I loved this video Lindsay, you always deliver the goods.
Don't have time to watch this right now but will with my Mom when I get homee!!! Can't wait!
It’s not just that Elizabeth II considered abdication a dirty word; under the rules set by the Commonwealth realms since Edward VIII’s abdication, she couldn’t abdicate unilaterally.
This is something no one seems to understand.
She could have declared her intention to abdicate, but she wouldn’t have been allowed to until eight of the fifteen realms, all the Australian states, and all of the Canadian provinces had passed resolutions unanimously permitting it. If New Zealand or Queensland or Alberta voted against abdication, she would have had no choice except to remain. (And given how many of these legislatures operate, it could take months or years to get it through every one of them even if they did agree unanimously.)
The UK/Commonwealth monarchy is unique in this, to underline the fact that the sovereign reigns at the pleasure of the people through their elected officials.
But she also did not want to because of what happened with her uncle and her feeling her taking her oath had religious significance. So it doesn't matter really how hard it would have been in any case, she did not even consider it.
This has more importance to Charles and Willian however. Charles seems to have indicated he isn't interested either, but not as strongly as Elizabeth. Maybe because he long he waited. William however might be interested since its becoming a trend everywher and he is just starting as Prince of Wales so probably isn't anxious for kingship in general.
But by the time William is in his 80s the Commonwealth could have changed a lot. And even if it hasn't, unless George does something that makes him very unpopular, I don't see some country denying William abdication.
I absolutely love ALL of your videos!!! I listen while I work.😊
The king of Bhutan is the most admirable one.
Another great presentation thanks 😉
Thank you Lindsay for saying Emperor Showa instead of Hirohito, I am so Happy to see some one do it. and on another note Showa loved Marine biology so I think it rubbed off onto Akihito
dragon king.....a banger of a title :p
Excellent piece - very well done. Quite a few details that I've never heard before.
This was a cool yet different kind of video I really liked it
Very interesting, thank you Lindsay!
Hi Lindsay. Will you be doing more videos on medieval royal history?
Queen Hilde of Schunburg- Glücken und Pöppenßxhultz drove a bus when she was retired by the allies in 1918. It didn't go anywhere, she literally just drove it around. Sometimes she'd pick up unwary passengers but they rarely got off without a physical fight
Why!? She was like lost and she was acting like a psychopath...
It seems you have made that up.
Couldn’t find anything about such a royal.
@@Celisar1 She was better known by her alias "Hilda the Hun"
@@dannylo5875 She was on a lot of medication and gin
Breaking tradition of stepping down for retirement letting these heirs rule instead of death, nice one away from duties.
Ancient Japanese royal family looks weird to me because most of the time the one who have the power is the shogun.
i love your content!!! and the work you out into these wonderful mini docos lol. 😅🎉
26:42 that must be one of his grandchildren he's holding.
Well done,very informative.
🔥🔥Another Awesome Video🔥🔥
Thanks for covering the Japanese emperor! English videos typically skip over Asian monarchy. Understandable with language barriers and such. Great video!❤
What? Language barrier? Japan is one of the most developed country in the world, also played a big part in ww2. Not that hard to look up the fact that Japan has a monarchy lol
@@kuchikopi4631 despite that in reality, the Japanese emperor is not well known to the western world. That is why I appreciate this channel’s efforts to include non European royals.
"Queen Elizabeth II considered abdication a dirty word..." is so ironic, since she'd have never been Queen without her own ancestor's abdication haha
That’s WHY she considered it a dirty word. Her uncle’s (not her ancestor) abdication killed her father and she never forgave Edward for what he did
There was a reason behind it. She didn’t live a normal life because of abdication. It’s from own experience lad.
Even if her Uncle didnt abdicate -he didnt have kids (rumours are he was infertile) she still would have become Queen upon his death in 1972, so instead of a 70 year reign she would have only had a 50 year reign.
I mean, I get WHY she felt that way, the irony is what's funny to me.
She and her family never forgave her uncle for abdicating which forced her father to be the king. Her father never wanted to be king. They believed that the stress of it, especially being king during world war, led to his health problems and early death.
The background is simply beautiful! Also, great video :)) Seems like Juan Carlos didn’t do well in his retirement lmao💀
Wow, you are so thorough. I really appreciate learning so much about these people. Poor Juan Carlos, it’s like he had a good angel on one shoulder who help his people and 2 devils on the other shoulder that couldn’t do right by money and taxes.
Compliments on ur excellent video, u sure did ur research!
Great subject for a video Lindsay. You surprised me.
Can you do a video about the lives of the Spanish Royal Sisters? (Princess Leonor and Infanta Sofia) Because they are my favorite royals and they are cute when they were little and they reminded me of Queen Elizabeth II and Princess Margaret as kids back then.
- Both of their fathers have VI in their regnal names (George VI and Felipe VI)
- Both Leonor and Elizabeth were the older siblings
- Both Sofia and Margaret were the younger siblings
Who was Felipe's pride and joy here?
4:56 That’s not Emperor Emeritus Akihito. He is Prince Hitachinomiya Masahito, Emperor Emeritus’ brother.
this video makes me realize i don't even know enough about my own Royal Family lol (Belgium). (obv i know about the Princess Delphine case, but I bet our royal family has more of those stories I don't know about)
The Wangechuks are a fascinating royal family.
Thankyou so much for putting so much effort in providing us such amazing informations about the royal families from around the world
Really appreciate that❤
The Monarchs who have retired from public life , still go on to do their hobbies with no one telling them what to do and some even go onto university to follow their shelved dreams because of who they were and the duties they needed to do with their titles . The Monarch who have retired can be consulted if there is any issues the new Monarchs need help with , so they learn on the job with an adviser on hand that has already done the job .
Thanks for the new video! I hope you do more lovers videos
Michiko definitely didn’t want to marry into the royal family, if you look up her wedding photos, you’ll see no one from family looked pleased
Amazing
I love your content
I would love too go on a European tour with you ❤️
I like how the heirs of Sweden, Spain, the Netherlands, and Belgium are all currently women. It doesn't matter much now, but after centuries of a male being the only preferred option, I just find it ironic and poetic in a way lol
(Not to mention, after Crown Prince Haakon becomes King of Norway, his daughter, Princess Ingrid, will become heir apparent.)
Looking through old royal family lines, it seems it was fairly common for a royal couple’s first child to be a girl. I always laughed when royal families turned on eachother in civil wars because no baby boy was born when they had perfectly healthy, educated and intelligent daughters right there.
England fought two civil wars over succession and Henry VIII split the country in half because he needed a son, and yet the three most famous and best loved British monarchs were women. ‘God save the queen’ sounds much more British than ‘god save the king’
About the man kissing Queen Beatrix: no, that wasn't staged!!!!
I would love a video of the reign of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, as he celebrates his 50-year reign jubilee this year :)
It's on my calendar for the jubilee in September!
@@LindsayHoliday Ah, very nice to know 😄
@@LindsayHolidaycan’t wait! My recent two trips to Stockholm have really made me fall for the Swedish royals. I love their humility and fun demeanor and how much they openly show affection for their family members and people!
I wanted to say I love your videos, they are well researched and informative without ridiculous amounts of exposition, brava. There is one thing I have to add however. I realise with you as a north american and me being British there’s always going to be a few words that we can agree on however the word “monarch” is particularly grating. I have been lucky in my life to move in the circles that have placed me close to two British monarchs and if I may say that in the UK we do not say “monArc” we pronounce it “Monurk”. I know it may look/sound peculiar but as it is a word you have to use a lot due to your subject matter I felt I had to pass it on. But I would like to commend you for your correct pronunciation of Edinburgh. Wishing you a very happy and healthy 2024. Julia x
Would love if you deep dived into the Spansih Royal Family and their many controversies. Spanish reporter Pilar Eyre youtube Channel provides lots of content on this topic and would provide lots of inspiration
I love how the King of Belgium did such a thing for Akihito
Well, you’re about to add Queen Margrethe of Denmark to this list.
4:53 The man in wheelchair WASN'T the emperor emeritus, just saying.
I think that is Masahito, Prince Hitachi. He is the younger brother of Emperor Akihito.
Juan Carlos, despite later controversies, was a good and important king.
True. He introduced democracy to Spain.
And a thieve also , thats because he flew the country and cant CAME back
A thief and a womaniser
@@mariotato8345 He is currently in Galicia spending time with his family and I believe he was cleared of all financial fraud charges.
exactly, no one seems to understand the amout of pressure he must have got as a kid. His brother died from his hand, if he move to one wrong direction, he could have toppled the succesion. He was given the title of the king despite knowing that that was his father's biggest dream.
Since as a young kid, all the pressure was mounted on him. Of course, he will need something to distract himself from all of that. Be it money or women.
Interesting how the Netherlands royal house has basically normalized that the expected thing for them is to retire.
Luxembourg is the same. The last three monarchs have abdicated.
I had no idea that Queen Beatrix took on the title "Princess" upon her abdication! So I guess the Dutch don't observe the title "Queen Mother" or "Queen Dowager" ?
Queen Regnants, like Beatrix, don't become Queen Mother or Queen Dowager, only a Queen Consort can hold those titles. Had Queen Eliabeth abdicated she would not have been known as Queen Mother because only the widow of a King can hold that title.The Netherlands has had a Queen Mother in the past. Queen Emma, the mother of Queen Wilhelmina, was Koningin Moeder from 1890 to 1934. In most monarchies when a monarch abdicates they revert to being a Prince or Princess, in Europe Belgium and Spain are the exception to the rule.
Wilhelmina was the first who reverted to the title of princess after her abdication simply because of the reason there should not be two queens so nobody can get confused. Juliana and Beatrix did the same. They could have kept using the title of queen if they wanted tho. After the death of Beatrix she will be reverted to the title of queen just as what happened to Wilhelmina and Juliana after their deaths.
The picture they used for Benedict at 27:00 make him look like a vampire
Princess Beatrix is still a beautiful lady.
Is it wrong that I picture them all sitting around a table in an unusually ornate retirement home playing bridge?
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Can you please do a video on Princess Nest, daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwr? She was nicknamed the “Helen of Wales”
4:54 that’s his brother not the old emperor….
It would be interesting to see what Queen Margrethe II of Denmark will do now that she's abdicated
5:09 It is Fumihito not whatever was said.
My boy Juan Carlos finally enters his Villain phase in his advanced age😆
It’s worth noting that at the time of his abdication, the former King of Bhutan was wildly popular.
Oh dear...There are so many mistakes in the comments and done with a great lack of respect.
You can add Margrethe there aswell.
Super Film
Shout out to the king of Belgium for being the best wing man out there.
man, that juan carlos i section was a roller coaster
you blink and he shoots his brother
The UK is also a special case as the very process of abdication removes all the former monarchs offspring from the line of succession.....
Charles's can't abdicate in favour of William.... The next king in such a situation would be Andrew (not a good prospect!)
The very act of abdication would automatically remove William, George, Charlotte, Louis, Harry, Archie and Lillibet from the succession (and any of their future children)
That would depend on the wording of the abdication act as only 1 British monarch has ever abdicated voluntarily the rules are not set in stone
Good
"It is not power that corrupts but the fear of losing it." Bill Moyers, American Experience.
Putin to
Maybe if elizabeth II was not seen in pop culture or mentioned we wouldn't have to wait for her to die