Successions of the 10 Modern European Monarchies
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Royalty 101: Ten hereditary monarchies survive in Europe today; Belgium, Denmark, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, The United Kingdom, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein and Monaco. Each of them pass their thrones within their respective royal or noble family based on different rules. Some give daughters equal right to sons, some bar women and their children entirely. Princes and Princesses may be born into or removed from the line based their religion, if they are raised in the country, who they marry and other factors. Some monarchies have tight laws and successions lines only 10 to 20 people long. While others have lines which include thousands of extended relatives. Let’s take a look at who is and is not in line for the thrones of each of the 10 modern European monarchies. And take a look at the historic events and royal scandals have shaped succession rules over the centuries. Plus we’ll find out which royals are in line for more than one throne.
Belgium: Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant
Denmark: Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark; Prince Christian, Count of Monpezat
The Netherlands: Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange
Norway: Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway; Princess Ingrid Alexandra
Spain: Leonor, Princess of Asturias
Sweden: Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden
The United Kingdom: William, Prince of Wales; Prince George
Luxembourg: Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg; Prince Charles
Liechtenstein: Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein; Prince Joseph Wenzel
Monaco: Jacques, Hereditary Prince of Monaco
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“We’ve ALWAYS excluded women…” that’s not the brag you think it is my dude.
Why would anyone want a female monarch? They’re obviously moody, emotional, and they are irrational when they menstruate.
That part. I could not believe I was hearing that.
@@literology1329 And we are hearing that TODAY...not the last centery. Today in modern times they think that ignoring half of the people in the family is a 'historical' fun fact. Wild.
Most expensive words ever: We have always done it like this
It’s time for a revolution
It's really fascinating that the UK reached the zenith because of its Queens and not kings. Elizabeth I, Victoria, Elizabeth II (not area, but modernisation and economy).
In fact the British Empire was at its peak during Victoria's reign!
We have such a strong legacy of female royals 💪
Don't forget:
Boudica - the legend speaks for itself. She's like the first thing I remember learning about history in school.
Lady Æthelfæd of Mercia - lead her army into battle and is believed to have been the same model of her father, our only 'Great'
Empress Matilda - beloved in the HRE and ultimately won the pyrrhic Anarchy
Mary 1 and Anne - massively need a historical rewrite as their legacy isn't as justified or complimentary as it ought to be.
Mary 2 - meh 🤷🏼♂️
Jane - poor bitch 😔 🧎♀️🪓
Actually the empire was at ita greatest extent during George V's reign but maybe was not at the peak of it's power
@@Alex-zs7gw Oh yes! How did I forget Matilda!
Thanks for adding btw :)
Two of these woman did nothing as they were just figure heads the only one Worthy are Mary I and Elizabeth I
@@williamwhisenant1494 you can't actually be serious?
Only men did great things? Pretty sure Emily Pankhurst, Mary Seacole, Marie Curie...and indeed Elizabeth Bowes Lyon would tell you to get to fuck.
And it's pretty easy for the rich, straight, white man to make achievements, when up until the 1960s they prevented every other demographic from even considering real equality.
I'll agree that Victoria's praise is overrated, whilst Elizabeth II's role was the most diminished of all the monarchs we've ever had... But if we're considering strike rate, it's not even close
Fun fact: Denmark has never had pure agnatic primogeniture; several times we ran out of heirs entirely, and had to go back to a female line to find someone. The Glücksburg family, for instance, which took over with Christian the 9th in 1863, inherited their claim to the Danish throne through his wife, not through him.
The marriage was only part of his claim. He was also was closely related to the former king through his mother's line and had close relations and a high status within the kingdom and most importantly, he was Duke of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg (something that mattered a lot in the times leading up to the Schleswig wars). We did have pure agnatic primogeniture for most of our history since Frederik III. Only exemption after that was Christian IX. Before Frederik III it was officially an elective kingdom.
@@emeilowep strictly speaking, Kongeloven (The Law of Kings), which determined exactly who could inherit and in what order, includes female lines, but sets them after male lines, so even after F3, it wasn't pure agnatic, the female descended lines were considered viable heirs if no one else could be found.
@@KittTheHistorian but we didn’t run out of male heirs several times. Only happened once since the introduction of the Lex Regia in 1665. Before that it was elective so female lines were considered only because there wasn’t a strict line of succession.
But you are correct that the Lex Regia was not strictly agnatic though it didn’t allow for female monarchs.
@emeilowep considering that Kongeloven was the legal basis for the rule of every subsequent king, it doesn't really matter that we didn't run out of heirs, the law was still in effect, which meant that though it was agnatic in practice, the monarchy was not truly agnatic in nature. Considering people were prosecuted according to other sections of this legal text (Griffenfeld and Struensee most notably), it is accurate to say that its other sections, regardless of whether they were actively used, were equally legally valid.
Denmark did have agnatic succession 1849-1953. Christian IX was chosen due to, among other things, his wife being a close relative of the king, but that did not make him the heir autmatically. That took an international treaty.
The Norwegian royal family is closer in line to the Danish royal family than the British is :) King Harald's paternal grandfather, Haakon VII, was a younger brother of Margrethe's paternal grandfather, Christian X
I still find it hilarious that when Norway got their independence from Denmark, they were like “yeah… we’d like to continue the monarchy thing, y’all got a spare son we can borrow?”
@@laurakastrup That’s the European way ;)
Swedish is closer
@@Hjalmar77 Through family ties it is closer due to Ingrid yeah, but the Swedish are further behind Norway when it comes to inheriting the Danish throne
@@laurakastrup Norway got their independence from Sweden, nor Denmark, but still the prince they chose was the grandson of a former King of Sweden via his mother xD
"Excluding women is a family tradition." WOW. Just wow.
Yes. Basically their argument was that Liechtensteiner succession is not a public matter but a family matter. Still, it remains sexist, no matter how you put it.
some traditions, like the spartains leaving thier newborns in a field over night, foot binding, and widows jumping on thier husbands funeral pyres, have rightfully been deserted.
not a big deal
I know, right? I also feel bad for Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden. Knowing your own _FATHER_ wanted to (and STILL wants to) leap-frog you in favor of your brother in succession must sting. Hopefully knowing she had the support of the Swedish citizens & lawmakers is of SOME comfort! haha
@@BoyProdigyX King Carl Gustaf agreed with changing the law to absolute primogeniture, although only if it would go into effect from then on, meaning Carl Philip would inherit be first in line and then his children (whether or not female or male). He believed this since at the time it was Carl Philip's birth right to be first in line. Simply put, he believed it was wrong for the law to change the current line of succession, rather that it should change future generations.
Well technically the Spanish monarchy used male preference primogeniture from 1516, when Juana succeeded to the throne of Aragon upon her father's death but switched back to agnatic when the Bourbons came to power in 1700. It then adopted male preference again in 1833 when Ferdinand VII died , leaving behind 2 daughters and no sons, in order for the Spanish crown to remain in that dynasty...which actually caused rival claimants rising up to contend Isabella II's claim.
25:00 -- Monaco reverting to France if there are no heirs is no longer the case. In the same year (2002) that Monaco changed its succession laws, it signed a new treaty with France that stipulated that Monaco would remain independent should it find its throne without an heir.
I didn't know that, but glad they were able to change the succession laws.
3God
About Spain, it is true the constitution says only *successors* of don Juan can be in the line of succession but successor isn’t the same as descendant so it actually includes siblings, nephews, uncles, cousins and so on, not just children and grandchildren
Some things on the Norwegian line of succession, Maud and Leah's picture are switched and princess Ragnhild and princess Astrid don't have duchess titels. Ragnhild was known as princess Ragnhild, Mrs Lorentzen and Astrid is known as princess Astrid, Mrs Ferner. Love your videos, they are always a higelight of the week😄
Agree, Norway don't have a system of nobility, so the members of the royal family are just princes or princesses
Unfortunately a lot of small mistakes here especially on the UK and Norway charts. I wish she could hire someone to double check photos to make sure they are correct.
The two titles mentioned on the Norwegian family tree were actually held by the sisters of King Juan Carlos of Spain.
Some information regarding norwegian succession in the early video also get wrong. No succession law is passed in 1970 law only passed in 1990 from agnatic to absolute. Princess martha louise only entered line of succesion in 1990 and become third in line following her father and brother
Unfortunately, inaccuracies are ripe within these documents. And very much hear says, that haven't been proven.
Prince Edward is not Duke of Cambridge. he's the Duke of Edinburgh.
Correction about the spanish succesion order: Princess Leonor is the heir to the throne, she already has the title of Princess of Asturias. The thing is, even if a male son was born, there is nothing on our Constitution that says the title of Prince/Princess of Asturias can be revoked. If I remember correctly, there should be a vote in the Congress if that was the case, but being honest, we are in 2023 and our Princess is highly loved and admired, so I don't think anyone would want to replace her as heir to the throne. In fact, it would be a little hard to do it, it's a tough process (don't want to get into technicality of it). So yeah, 99% sure she would remain the heir even if Felipe VI had a son.
Lindsay. You definitely deserve a tv series of your very own! This was unbelivable!! You're the best girl 😊😊😊😊❤❤❤❤❤🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉
This was hella interesting. Onetiny thing. Caroline of Monaco's marriage to Prince August is her third. Her first was when she was 18 and she married an older businessman Philipe Junot. They had no children and the marriage was anulled a couple of years later in 1980.She married Stefano Caseraghi a few years later.
Little update. Prince Guillaume of Luxembourg became a father to a second son Francois some months ago.... so he would be third in line at the moment
In the UK line, you forgot Princess Eugenie's second child, Ernst, and in the Luxembourg line, you also forgot Prince Francois.
They might not have been born when this was made.
2تحيا مملكة بريطانيا
I am Spanish and I know how and why that law change never happened. By the Spanish law, changing the succession law would mean changing the Spanish constitution and for the constitution to change it needs like two thirds of the parliament to agree, then a general election and then a referendum for the population to vote if they want or not that law to change. With the Spanish monarchy not being, at the time, as popular as others, the government thought it was not a good idea to organise a referendum on the monarchy, even if it was to give full rights to girls in the succession.
I kinda like your pronunciation of Infanta. And of Irene. We pornounced it Ee-reh-neh.
I wonder if Margaretha's father would have named her Christina or Christiana if he had known that she'd be Queen.
Margaret I was the first ruling Queen of Denmark, Sweden and Norway as mentioned in this video (as well as Finland but we were just part of Sweden so people never mentioned us…). I think that name is really fitting and hopefully the heir could always use Margaret as name for a firstborn daugher.
Princess isabella of denmark the second child and first daughter of crown prince frederik has margrethe as part of her name just in case if she become queen in an unwanted condition
@@muhammadasruni8992
I think she has the name Margarethe firstly to honorate her grandmother, only secondlyfor other reason
Yes, maybe like that.
God
The ability to change the laws in these countries proves there's always a solution if they run out of legitimate heirs or they don't like the successor.
I think that’s something people invested in Royal watching need to remember. People were at one point seemingly worried that there would not be Grimaldis and Monaco would become part of France (most extreme consequence of succession laws) but then law was just changed to include more people.
But it also means changing these laws with the general approval of parliament or of the people. Even some 'absolute' monarchs (like Henry VIII) had to angle what they want done in a way that would also benefit the aristocracy, who often are the foundations of the power bases of rulers. If the change is popular enough, they can definitely do so - but if a wayward, entitled and rash prince wanted their way on something that ticked off other lords, they could find themselves at a possibility of being deposed if they pursue it long and doggedly enough.
6Amen
There are two royal babies missing. Prince Francois of Luxembourg and then Ernest Brooksbank. Both were born recently.
The list needs updates in terms of pictures as well. Expecially with children (and babies expecially) they change so quickly.
Very nice video. One thing I have to add is that Princess Eugenie has a second child now, Ernest and the Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg also has a second child, Prince François.
Thank you...
Linsey forgot about it.
@@Richardsonprincess00 Yes, this must be an old video or something, because Francois was born back in March and is three and a half months old now!
@@piratesswoop725 + Louis Ducuret's baby was born in April sooo
@@andypham1636 Yes, there’s at least four babies in this video missing from the lists. Josef Emanuel of Liechtenstein also just recently had a son too.
@@piratesswoop725 also Princess Eugenie’s baby
22:55 Succession in Luxenbourg is not anymore unclear that in Belgium. Descendents of GD Henri are ordered according to absolute primogeniture. All others are ordered according to semi-salic law, which was previously used in Luxenbourg.
One small point.
Neither Princess Ragnhild nor Princess Astrid hold any ducal titles whatsoever.
There are no royal dukes in Norway, and the state dosen't recognize any form of nobility (with the singular exception of those bearing either diplomatic credentials or the recognition of a foreign court).
Their proper titles are:
Her highness Princess Ragnhild, Mrs. Lorentzen
and
Her highness Princess Astrid, Mrs. Ferner.
They both married commoners and lost the prefix "Royal" (as in Royal highness).
I believe both their husbands were somewhat prominent buisness people, if memory serves.
Princess Ragnhild served as first lady of Norway for a time. Following the deaths of her mother, Princess Märtha, and her grandmother, Queen Maud, about two decades prior.
She and her husband would eventually move to Brazil, as I understand it.
Actually princesses ragnhild and astrid lost their title when they get marriage, not only royal style. But their grandfather and father respectively accorded curtsey title for them which is neither royal or noble. This kind ot title copied by their fellow monarch in sweden for 3 king carl gustaf sisters who married commoner. Its astrid who become first lady
You missed Edward who follows Earnest. Eugenie's newly born youngest child. Edward's children James and Louise are above Ann because of the previous male preference rule. Ann (Princess Royal), The order of Edward's children follows the old male preference rule moving James ahead of his elder sister, Lady Louise. Thus Ann is 13th in line to the British throne.
The British Line of Succession needs to be updated to include Princess Eugenie's second son Ernest.
I would like to note that the King of Sweden was not opposed to absolute primogentiture. He WAS against making it retroactive. His son had already been titled as Crown Prince, and he didn't think it was appropriate to take it away from him. If they had introduced the bill before his son was born, when the titles wouldn't have needed changing, he wouldn't have had an issue.
Princesses Ranghild and Astrid of Norway are not the Duchess of Badajoz and Soria. Those titles belong to the two elder sisters of King Juan Carlos I of Spain
13:34 King Harald V was not king in 1990, he ascended the throne the following year. The change to absolute primogeniture was made by king Olav V.
Margrete the I was not a Queen Regnant of Denmark, Norway or Sweden She was the Queen Consort to Haakon the VI og Norway and was the Regent in place of her sons. But she never was recognized as a monarch during her lifetime, even though she was the power behind the throne until her death. The current Queen Margrethe of Denmark honored her legacy by taking the regnal name Margrethe the II when she became Queen in 1972, which is why she is today known as Margrete the I.
I would love to see successions of former European monarchies
I'm afraid there is a big mistake in the Norwegian genealogical tree: the sisters of King Harald V are definitely NOT the duchess of Badajoz nor Soria.
Infanta Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz and Infanta Margarita, Duchess of Soria who were the sisters of King Juan Carlos I.
There's also a big mistake about Spain Monarchy. First there's no such a thing as Spanish since everyone in Spain is a SPANIARD. Second Leonor is the future Queen of Spain. Please get the facts right.
@marielonsdale1765 it wasn't said that Leonor is not the future queen of Spain. It was just not mentioned with those words. In the video, Leonor is called "princess of Asturias", which is the title of the future king or queen of Spain.
3Amen
And, should you come to Germany, please don't miss to visit Seeheim-Jugenheim. In Jugenheim we have the Heiligenberg Castle, where the Battenberg/Mountbatten dynasty was born. It will be my pleasure to show you the area!
Lindsey you have renewed my interest in history! I hope I can travel with you next year!!
Your vid just keep getting better and better. Wonderful
WOW! The work that went into this presentation.
Well, I got here early. Always love your uploads 👋
14:58 This isn’t entirely true. Spain switched to agnatic primogeniture between the reigns of Philip V (the first Bourbon) and his great-grandson, Ferdinand VII, where it was then switched back to allow his infant daughter, Isabella, to succeed him.
Also for anyone wondering, the Dutch royal family is in the line of succession through Queen Wilhelmina’s husband, Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, as he was a descendant of George I’s only daughter, Sophia Dorothea.
25:05 This prospect ended with the Franco-Monégasque Treaty of 2002, due to UN objections over the explicitness at which Monaco’s sovereignty could be violated by France.
also through William V, Prince of Orange, grandson of George II
Francisco Franco actually had one child: a daughter.
@@bertbert4960 Did… you reply to the right person?
They probably wanted to make sure the Casino would stay open.
So everyone could still be able to launder their ill-gotten money or evade taxes.
Thank you Lindsay.I was confused but was able to understand your presentation.Thought it was complicated. In the end it became clearer👍
Sweden also used male preference primogeniture from 1604 until the Bernadottes ascended the throne. They also had two queens in that period: Christina (1632-1654) and Ulrica Eleanor (1718-1720).
Actually, Sweden adopted agnatic primogeniture in 1809, in the coup of 1809, until ‘80
4Amen
King Harald V did not update the Norwegian constitution in 1990, as he was not the King then, and Norway is a constitutional monarchy, so the King does not have the power to do so.
It was Parliament who updated the constitution. The Prime Minister at the time wanted to make the law retroactive, but King Olav V said no, as it would be unfair to the children who their entire lives up until that point had prepared for their roles within the monarchy.
Maud and Leah's photos are switched, and neither of King Harald's sisters holds duchess titles.
Nobility was outlawed over 100 years ago, so those titles just don't exist here.
Very informative, thank you. And since everybody else is offering corrections - there are two people labeled with a 10 in the Denmark line.
Un detalle, las Duquesas de Bardajoz y Soria, son las Infantas Pilar y Margarita de España respectivamente, no las princesas Noruegas.
There is also the elective monarchy in the Vatican City.
Awesome video very informative as always❤
15:22 As far as I know the spanish succession line is not limited to Infante Juan's descendence. After Irene Urdangarin there would be Peter of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Duke of Calabria. At least, that's what I read.
The Constitution did say the succession was restricted to Juan Carlos' "sucesores" but there is no clarification if that means direct descendants or not. If not, then there's also a question about whether Juan Carlos' sisters renunciations were valid first, as they renounced their claims before the new 1978 constitution. If they are included, then their descendants would follow Irene. There isn't any certainty about whether the Duke of Calabria's descendants are actually in line.
3 تحيا بريطانيا
Thank you for this video, was very insightful! 👏🙌
You forgot to mention the newly born 2nd child of princess Eugene in the line of succession.
It's doesn't matter. He is not a heir. Only Prince William's children are HEIRS!!!
Very nice video!!! Love seeing the names of all these royals
On the maps around the 2-3 minute mark you mark the archipelago closest to Iceland as red indicating that it is part of the UK. However, those are the Faroe Islands (which just happens to be where I am from and also live right now) and they are a part of the Kingdom of Denmark, so they should at 3:07 be coloured green just like Denmark proper. Great video though.
Great video Lindsay! My dream is to go to London next year! It’ll be my first ever vacation!
Quite off topic, but the “royalty 101” series music is beautiful! My particular favourites are the “a history of…” one, the one used in the Arthurian Legend’s video, and the one in “Queens of England who died in childbirth” They’re so beautiful (the last one once literally made me cry😭😭)
Omg the king Arthur one is one of my favorites 🥰
@@autumnrose1998 Ikr!! When reading “Le mort du Artur” I listened to it on repeat, and boy what an experience!!
@@lfgifu296 I saw you on history calling channel.
@@savagedarksider2147 yea I see you there all the time too :)
4 تحيا انجلترا
In the Norway line, The pictures of Maud and Leah are switched
14:39 I see king Harald's sisters hold spanish dukedoms. Curiuous...🤔🤭
And Lindsay you’ve done it again with the amazing video that can compete with the best streaming and cable services! 😊🎉💞
Great video. I love learning about the other European royal houses.
Love this videos
Much appreciated as we need to know who is next.
Why have you styled Princess Astrid and Princess Ragnhild of Norway as dutchesses of Soria and Badajoz? Noble titles apart from royal titles have been abandoned from Norway since 1821. And it is the first time I have ever heard them ever having such titles if they ever had it?
Mixed it up with King Juan Carlos’s sisters
While Europe is in the title, Japan also uses agnatic primogeneture. As the heir to the current Emperor is his younger brother and unless his daughter(who should have been heir apparent had Japan use absolute primogeneture) give birth to a son, it'll probably stay that way
Yeah, there was a motion to actually change it to absolute primogeniture, but with the birth of a son that was rendered unneeded and dismissed.
@@thelanktheist2626 except it's from the SAME brother, his nephew who is second in line
As of 2023, due to the birth of royal babies in the royal families of The UK & Luxembourg i.e. second child of Princess Eugenie of York & second child of Crown Prince Guillaume of Luxembourg, people after those babies in the line have moved a place below.
Thank you...
Lindsey forgot about it.
@@Richardsonprincess00 or maybe this video was originally filmed before either of these babies were born
You should make a video about successions of modern non-European monarchies too!
Enjoyed learning
Update: princess Eugenie has a second son Ernest
Please travel to Bavaria, the palaces and castles in Munich and the Bavarian Alps, including Neuschwanstein Castle, are insanely beautiful, lavish and dreamy.
They also come with a very intriguing and dramatic history, especially those of "Mad King Ludwig", your viewers would greatly enjoy.
Prince Joachim of Denmark. Is a very controversial guy Here in Denmark And he has been married like 4 times. So as a Danish person myself, I'm happy he does not get anywhere near the throne.
13:40 but Margrethe I was Danish, so when Ingrid Alexandra becomes queen she'll be the first Norwegian female monarch 🇧🇻♀️👑
She was Danish but she ruled over all 3 Scandinavian kingdoms
@@andypham1636 Yes, but she was Danish. It's like saying Queen Victoria was the first female Queen of India, doubt they would appreciate that. I'm norwegian, and she was danish.
@@missJolie85 true, but to be pedantic, in India, queen Victoria was empress, not queen
@@andypham1636 You totally lost the point
There was also a semi agnatic primogeniture that allowed women to succeed only when the male line was entirely extinct. Until 1887 the Netherlands had that as did Portugal and Saxony. Then there was succession by Pragmatic sanction in which one or more daughters were declared male for the purposses of succession, when the male line threatened to become extinct. This was done in Austria when Maria Theresa succeeded and in Luxembourg when William IV was succeeded by his daughters.
I thought Portugal had male preference primogeniture?
2تحيا بريطانيا
I can’t go on the trip this time, hopefully it goes well and there’ll be more in the future x
I enjoy your videos quite a bit, but your graphic for the British throne is off a bit. At 2:15 it states the Edward is Duke of Cambridge. He is the Duke of Edinburgh.
At 16:00 your chart shows Juan-Carlos as former King of the UK ... As Queen-Empress Victoria would have said :"We are not amused" !
King haralds sisters are not duchesses
The youngest aunt of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands has passed away in 2019
I love your Holy Roman Emperors and kings and queens of England series
It will be cool to do one on Japan as well as Roman Emperors
Leichetenstein is the only one of the European monarchies to exclude women (Sweden and Denmark did, but have subsequently changed their laws).
The Asian and Arabic monarchies ALL exclude women. But the UN only complained about Liechtenstein.
2:18 The primogeniture rules are used as in tradition as people wanted the royal houses to remain intact for a long time. People also wanted the royal houses to be patrilineal, as it makes sense that the heir to the throne should be part of the king's royal family, as the king has a higher royal ranking than a queen (that's why we have queen consorts but no king consorts, yet...). Therefore, agnatic primogeniture and absolute patrilineal dynasties are basically like twins, as they get along together smoothly until the end of time. The royal houses only change when the king dies without an heir. In male-preferenced primogeniture, the royal house always changes whenever a queen marries her prince consort. The new royal house will be the prince consort's royal family, so male-preferenced primogeniture and patrilineal dynasties still get along, but they may reach arguments along the way whenever a queen is crowned the monarch. Absolute primogeniture and absolute patrilineal dynasties are basically enemies, as implementing absolute primogeniture while keeping the dynasties patrilineal involves changing the royal house, theoretically, once every 2 generations (assuming all queens marry their KING consorts this time), which forces the dynasty to adjust to matrilineal once a queen is crowned. That's why King Charles III belongs to the House of Windsor, and not the House of Mountbatten. If Queen Elizabeth II died while the primogeniture is still male-preferenced, the UK monarchy will get a chance to rule under the House of Mountbatten.
But we have had king consorts in history; e.g Queen Isabella II of Spain, Francis, Duke of Cadiz, is known to have used that title. Also the patrilineal issue is a great point, however you will realise that most monarchs in Europe today are very much cognatic descendants of their ancestors.
Prince Philip was only a Mountbatten (Battenberg) due to his mother so that's technically also a matrilineal dynasty. Patrilineally, Philip, Charles, William and George belong to the House of Glücksburg.
The UK solved this problem when King George V issued letters patent which declared that the royal house would forevermore be “Windsor”, no matter what. King and Queen Regnant are equal in rank. A King consort makes no sense as the word “King” is equivalent to that of “Queen Regnant”, just without the “Regnant” attached as it is already included in the definition of King. And the titles are really irrelevant and are granted today at the Monarch’s pleasure. For instance, Prince Philip wasn’t actually a Prince as it is a landed title attached to a principality, he was given the title Prince out of kindness.
15:48 Juan Carlos I wasn’t the former king of the UK since he never was a monarch of the UK
20:13 Recently, Princess Eugenie of York has had another son, Ernest.
Countess Athena of Monzepat is named after the video game character, Athena Asamiya, a Japanese pop singer and a high school student.
I know their not “royal” but it would be nice if you did a video or segment on Hanover, Bourbon and Austria/Habsburg!!!👑
Can you make video on the warrier Queens of India like Rajiya sultan of Delhi and Rani Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi ...... please don't ignore md this time .....
Wishing of seeing the depths of different videos of 🇧🇪, 🇪🇸, 🇸🇪, 🇱🇺 & 🇱🇮 Europe royal families.
Already done with 🇳🇴, 🇩🇰, 🇬🇧 and 🇲🇨 on those videos.
Philip V of Spain abolished male preference primogeniture for agnatic primogeniture. However Ferdinand VII reinstated it in the 19th century hence the Carlist pretence.
I think you need to correct the Spanish family tree, I don’t think “Juan Carlos I” was the “former King of the UK”.
It’s 2023, time for all monarchies to implement absolute primogeniture
More like time for all monarchies to be abolished
I am still waiting for the first non-European non-Commonwealth coutry to implement it. Most other monarchies are agnatic. Bhutan and Thailand use male-preference. My guess is that maybe Jordan might do the switch, due to the close connection between its royal family and european royalty. Let's hope Crown Prince Hussein has a daughter first!
@@belinhe Why are you watching a video about monarchies if you want them abolished
@@ElizabethStone-TolcherJames
I love Lindsay's voice, she could read the dictionary and I would listen. And her videos about historical figures is very entertaining.
That being said, you can't deny monarchies are very problematic institutions, frought with scandals and liable to criticisms.
They're a relic of times gone by. Their time has already passed
@@belinhe If they are abolished, I hope that their republics will be capitalist and democratic and not socialist, communist, or authoritarian.
Lindsay, did you realise that Princess Christina of the Netherlands died in 2019? Sorry if you said so & I missed it. The fact you didn't put a number over her suggests you did know. Or was her marriage also not approved?
If you are in the Aberdeenshire way in Scotland please let me know. I can give you so so so much information on the importance of the many many castles we have up this way!
interesting Lindsay what do you call it Europe of glam?
I think you should do a video on the Pahlavi Dynasty or some royal Asian Dynasty.
The House of Chakri (ruling Thailand).
The Dutch royal family members are also descendants of George II of Great Britain, so Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands is also in line of succession to the British throne. His position is somewhere in the 800s.
Through his eldest daughter, Anne, Princess Royal
@@andypham1636 Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange from the House of Hanover.
@@RaymondHng yeah
12:26 The reason you give for princess Christina not in the line of succession for the Dutch throne is incorrect. First of all she died in 2019 so she can't inherit anything. Secondly she did not seek permission for her marriage in 1975 so she and her children were and are not eligible.
This is a great video for those of us who are Monarchists. Do you have one about the succession of minor royals and "defunct" royal families? Many of those Royal houses are related to the current active European royal houses today.
15:28 It was always understood that when Juan Carlos succeeded General Franco he would do so as king, so it was no surprise. In fact, there was very little opposition when the Cortes declared him king two days after Franco's death.
Interesting!
There is a law in Belgium, that the Belgian royal family can't marry a member of the house of Orange-Nassau
Margarita and Pilar are not considered successors because they had morganatic marriages prior to King Juan Carlos I's reign, but other descendants of Alfonso XIII ARE in the line of succession if the main line ever runs out
No, because they renounced their rights to the Spanish throne. Was morganatic marriage even a thing in the Spanish royal family
@@andypham1636 Yeah, they renounced their rights because they entered a morganatic marriage, which I'm sure was a thing in pretty much every European monarchy. In fact, their great uncle Alfonso, who was Prince of Asturias, had to renounce his rights to be able to marry a Cuban woman. Had he married a royal and had children, Spain's King would be a different man
@@Nora-vm8hz Well, that rule in Spain got lived eventually, since the current king of spain + his sisters are all married to commoners
@@andypham1636 Yeah, but we were talking about Margarita and Pilar, who got married in 1967 and 1972 respectively. But Juan Carlos married a royal and both Juan and Maria de las Mercedes were insistant in that only a royal for the future king would suffice
Can you offer your European trip annually? Just wondering because I do love history and I would like to talk History with you.
I'm going to see how the first one goes, but maybe!
Stephanie is a grandma too as well.
This makes me think of that great old movie “Kind Hearts and Coronets” 😊 it’s a hoot!
PS
Just what does the UN say about the UK’s exclusion of Roman Catholics from the throne? Is that still a thing?
yes
Yes it is but I don't think they will ever change that as the matter well goes back to historical conflicts which have always led to government intervention. Also changing that would require a referendum. Also good to note that they are now allowed to marry catholics and still retain their position in the line
The Scottish Parliament voted to abolish the ban on Catholics taking the throne.
@@_levi07It would require an act of Parliament or a change to an existing act or acts. It would not require a referendum unless the new/amended act said it did and that would be up to Parliament to decide.
NO Catholic cult member should ever take the throne of a liberated nation. The Roman Catholic cult is a creation of Satan.@@_levi07
20:20 You used these same photos in a previous video, the photos of Mia, Lena and Lucas are all wrong--Mia's photo is of Savannah and Lena's is of Isla! Lucas' photo is actually Lena.
Also, there are four new babies born this year who are not included; Born in March 2023 is both Prince Francois of Luxembourg is the Hereditary Grand Duke's second son; and Prince Leopold of Liechtenstein who is Prince Josef Emanuel's son. In April, Louis Ducruet and his wife had a daughter named Victoire in April; and in May, Princess Eugenie had her son, Ernest.
Carl XVI Gustav of Sweden is arguably not in line for the British throne because his mother, from which he derived the claim, married in contravenence of the Royal Marriages act. That Act is now defunct but it's successor does not restore the descendants of those who previously failed if they could reasonably have known about the provisions of the defunct Act. Which could be expected of the daughter of a British Prince.
I think that the claim comes via crown princess Margareta, who was a descendant from queen Victoria, and not from princess Sibylla, whose father Carl Edward was removed from the British line of succession during WW I.
26:08 -- This was actually Caroline's third marriage.
Princess Christina of the Netherlands was not eligeble anymore since she married without the permission of Parliament.
They are all descended from one person King George the second of the United Kingdom. Dutch and Belgian Kings are from his daughters side while UK Spain Luxembourg Monaco Belgian Swedish Kings and the Danish Queen are from his Son side. Which would explain why they are in the list of the UK crown succession.