[4K] Ilmavoimat / Finnish Air Force F/A-18 Hornet jet fighters operating during Arctic Challenge Exercise 2023 (ACE23).
(C) Jukka O. Kauppinen 2023
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F/A-18 C/D Hornet
The Boeing F/A-18 C/D Hornet - the main fighter type of the Finnish Air Force since 1992
The main fighter type of the Finnish Air Force is the American Boeing (formerly McDonnell-Douglas) F-18 Hornet Multirole Fighter. The aircraft was designed in the 1980’s originally for the U.S. Naval Air Force. In 1992 the Hornet was chosen to replace the Swedish Saab 35 Drakens and Soviet MiG 21 bis fighters of the Finnish Air Force. The Hornet won the bidding contest against Swedish, French and American competitors. The Finnish Patria Ltd. has constructed most of the F-18 Hornets used in Finland.
The fleet of the Finnish Air Force consists nowadays of 62 Hornets, 55 single-seat C-variants and seven two-seat D-variants. The aircraft are to be replaced in the 2020’s.
The Arctic Challenge Exercise from 29 May to 9 June is one of the Europe's largest live air exercises. The exercise will be led by Finland.
Approximately 3,000 soldiers and 150 aircraft from 14 different nations' armed forces will take part in the multinational Arctic Challenge Exercise hosted by Finland, Sweden and Norway. Apart from the host nations, the exercise will involve participants from the Netherlands, Belgium, the United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, France, Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, the Czech Republic and the United States, and NATO with its AWACS aircraft.
Twelve Finnish Air Force F/A-18 Hornet multirole fighters and liaison and transport aircraft will operate in the exercise. The ACE 23 host bases are located at Rovaniemi and Pirkkala in Finland, Luleå in Sweden and Ørland in Norway.
The exercise is commanded by Colonel Henrik Elo, Deputy Chief of Staff Air Force Command Finland. The Deputy Exercise Directors are Colonel Carl-Fredrik Edström of the Swedish Air Force and Colonel Andreas Johansen of the Royal Norwegian Air Force.
The missions will mainly be carried out in the areas extending over the northern regions of Finland, Norway and Sweden. In Finland flight activities will also be conducted in the training areas bordering on Sodankylä and Kajaani as well as Tampere, Oulu and Vaasa. Exercise air operations will take place over the sea area between Vaasa and Pori.
2023's Arctic Challenge Exercise (ACE 23) is the sixth of its kind that Finland, Norway and Sweden have hosted together.
‒ The Arctic Challenge Exercise is now well established as a Nordic exercise concept that, in its current form, provides an opportunity for participating units to develop cooperation between the 4th and 5th generation fighters and sophisticated GBAD systems. The training area is large enough to perform training of tactically challenging scenarios with a large number of aircraft. The ACE 23 exercise gives a valuable experience for the Finnish Air Force in the planning, command and control and implementation of large-scale air operations, says Colonel Henrik Elo.
The objective of the exercise is to strengthen the ability to conduct combat operations together in large multinational air operations (COMAO) safely and effectively. This enables to improve the air combat methods and tactics between dissimilar aircraft types. The use of the Cross Border Training (CBT) concept facilitates to develop interoperability, the provision of host nation support and the receipt of international assistance.
The Arctic Challenge Exercises organised since 2013 form part of the NORDEFCO cooperation between Finland, Norway, Sweden and Denmark. The nations’ Air Forces regularly carry out combined air combat related CBT waves operated from their home bases. The cost-effective implementation pattern of combined exercises can also be applied to large air operations exercises, such as ACE.
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