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to make a pointless comment

@@L-mo bro woke up and chose violence

If you’re interested in how sounds have changed in English over time, I’d recommend “A Historical Phonology of English” by D Minkova. It’s not for beginners, but it seems like you know a lot already so you might enjoy it (if you haven’t already read it).

@@ImproveYourAccent I haven't read it. Thanks!

Digraph is two letters that stand for one sound. For example, the digraph "th" in English can stand for either the /ð/ sound as in "either" or "the" or the /θ/ sound as in "ether" or "thin". But in "pothole" "th" is not a diagraph. Similarly "ph" is a digraph, which represents the /f/ sound as in "phone" or "diagraph".

Yes, I know about Geoff’s system 😊 His symbols have been on the interactive vowel chart on my website for many years. My videos almost always use the Upton system (for various reasons).

@@ImproveYourAccent Thank you for your answer, Luke! But why do you prefer Upton's system? Lindsey has convincingly shown that "say" played backwards sounds like "yes". The Upton system says that "say" is /seɪ/ and "yes" is /jɛs/, which doesn't correspond to reality. The table comparing "Older RP", "Traditional RP" and "Modern RP" I've found in Wikipedia shows that the DRESS vowel was [e̞] in "Older RP" and "Traditional RP" and it's [ɛ] in "Modern RP" and that the FACE vowel was [e̞ɪ] in "Older RP" and "Traditional RP" and now it's [ɛɪ] in "Modern RP". I have concluded that the DRESS vowel and the first element of the FACE vowel have always been the same (well, "always" since the Great Vowel Shift). And in this regard even Gimson's system, which transcribes the DRESS vowel /e/ and the FACE vowel /eɪ/, is better, though Upton made some good changes like replacing /eə/ with /ɛ:/ for the SQUARE vowel and replacing confusing /ɜː/ (which makes you think that the NURSE vowel has a different vowel quality from the commA vowel while in fact it doesn't) with just a long schwa /əː/.

@@user-om2ti8jj1f It's nothing to do with the accuracy of Geoff's system, it's simply because it isn't well-known enough yet. As I run a business teaching pronunciation, I want to be accessible to those teachers and students who are already familiar with the usual English phonemes. I already get a lot of complaints about Upton's transcriptions of TRAP, NURSE and PRICE. However, I have talked to dictionary/EFL publishers over the years and tried to convince them to use Geoff's system. Once it's more widespread, I'll probably adopt it in my materials. Right now, people are more likely to come across Upton's transcriptions online because Google/Kindle/Apple use them for their dictionaries. Also, apologies for any delay in replying to your comments. I tend to be a lot more active on Instagram than on CZcams nowadays!

She would definitely pronounce "dune" /dju:n/, not /d͡ʒu:n/ (which is his first pronunciation). But few speak like Queen Elizabeth did.

Hello - native Brit here. When we speak at normal speed (ie naturally and fast) 100% of people say “june” - because it’s practically impossible to pronounce the d clearly without noticeably slowing down your speech, which would sound unnatural and stilted. If you are saying just one word, like answering the question, “what’s a mound of sand called? “ A: Dune. Then some (few) people might pronounce the d audibly - it would likely sound like they were enunciating though, like a newsreader or Shakespearian actor, or affected upper class person. so as a student of english, you are better off just pronouncing it june. And if you are saying “sand dune”, you actually say “san june” to sound natural and native in the UK

Thanks for the clarification! Very helpful.

@@L-mo Many young speakers on the both sides of the pond also turn /t/ and /d/ into /t͡ʃ/ and /d͡ʒ/ before /ɹ/ so "try" and "dry" sound as "chry" and "jry". Lindsey's got an interesting video about it: czcams.com/video/F2X1pKEHIYw/video.html And he's also got a video about this "Jew"-"dew" and "do"-"dew" thing or speaking scientifically about yod-coalescence and yod-dropping: czcams.com/video/RRs103ETh2Q/video.html I beg to differ, though, that it's hard to pronounce /tju:/ or /dju:/. I find it easy to pronounce /tju:/ as in "tune" or /dju:/ as in "dune" or /lju:/ as in "lewd". Probably that's because my native language is Slavic and in Slavic languages we've got a lot of palatalised consonants. A consonant followed by a yod basically gets palatalised, although phonemically English doesn't have palatalised consonants. Here Luke can correct me, if I'm wrong. Sad that this /tju:n/, /dju:n/ and /lju:d/ pronunciation has become dated.

@@user-om2ti8jj1f It's only slangy sounding when saying the words in isolation, most everyone of all ages/dates uses the "ch" sound when speaking fluently. If you say "he came to tune the piano" at a fluent speed, in a British accent, everyone ends up saying "(t)choon", essentially "choon" - _not_ because it's hard to _pronounce_ the t when saying the word (on it's own). However, I pronounce the t when I just say the word "tune" or d-yod in "dune" in *isolation* or when stressing the words. I don't say "choon" or "june" in isolation, as it would sound sloppy/slangy, like Cockney (to me, and to many people). This is the same as Geoff Lyndsey's accent. Yod dropping in British English sounds "American" and is occurring more frequently in the UK (and I don't really like it either!).

@@L-mo I was taught that "Tuesday" is pronounced "tyooz-day", but in reality I hear "chooz-day" from the British and "tooz-day" from Americans or sometimes "chooz-dee" and "tooz-dee", but rarely "tyooz-day". I hear newsreaders from the UK saying "chooz-day". I don't live in the UK, but I listen to news from there. I've also heard a newsreader pronouncing "strike" "shtrike". Nevertheless, Johnny Flynn, an English singer whom I like, pronounces "dew" "dyoo", not "joo" or "doo" so it sounds neither as "Jew" nor as "do": czcams.com/video/2F9DDBhjOdE/video.html On the other hand, Gideon, an English teacher whom I very respect (thanks to Gideon I found Luke, by the way), pronounces "deuce" "joos" in isolation so it sounds like "juice": czcams.com/video/sqZ5r6q8_Sc/video.htmlsi=s5-vNnSWmmJBgCyf&t=301 But he said once that he's got a bit of a Londoner accent. There's a hilarious video where he explains the Cockney dialect, by the way: czcams.com/video/s11qjmvTdJ8/video.html

I shorten the ending too. The British would as well, out of there 100 or so different accents

I did very much enjoy my visit! The altitude sickness wasn't that bad!

He using the uk accent though

@@Doodlegamer1 but it's an incorrect pronunciation. He should teach the correct pronunciation.

I'm explaining how people in England pronounce supermarkets that exist in the UK. I'm not explaining the pronunciation of these supermarkets in other languages.

For the issues surrounding the pronunciation of words from other languages, take a look at the loanwords video on my main page.

@@ImproveYourAccent I'll definitely check it out, but I can't help but think when teaching speakers of other languages, you should pronounce things correctly - this, a German shop, should be pronounced the way intended.

no it doesn't sound silly it sounds completely natural as It's what native speaker actually say (if you listen properly during "normal" speech).

@@L-mo sure

Don't Americans normally say -burry rather than -bri in Sainsbury's?

@@cmtwei9605 perhaps, but TBH I 've never heard an American even once utter, "Sainsbury's."

Yes!