Hey guys, wanted to clarify a mistake I made. In this video I mentioned that colugos are now part of the primate grouping but that’s not actually true; they are actually just outside the order and the closest living relative of the primates. Just wanted to let you guys know since I wanna keep the boys well-informed with accurate info 🦧
Shrews are kind of the "default" mammal and everything looked like a shrew if you go back far enough, so it makes sense these animals wouldn't actually be closely related in the current day.
When I was in graduate school in the 1980s, the taxonomy instructor stated outright that the order Insectivora was a garbage collection but there was no practical way to sort it out.
Insectivora is a former taxon of placental mammals that once included the shrews, moles, desmans, solenodons, hedgehogs, gymnures, tenrecs, otter shrews, golden moles, colugos, treeshrews, and elephant shrews, but this group is now disbanded and replaced with six separate orders being Macroscelidea for the elephant shrews, Afrosoricida for the tenrecs, otter shrews, and golden moles, Soricomorpha for the shrews, moles, desmans, and solenodons, Erinaceomorpha for the hedgehogs and gymnures, Scandentia for the treeshrews, and Dermoptera for the colugos, while the elephant shrews (or sengis) are classified within the tenrecs, otter shrews, and golden moles under the superorder Afrotheria, specifically the clade Afroinsectivora within the grandorder Afroinsectiphilia, the colugos and treeshrews both belong to the superorder Euarchontoglires, namely the grandorder Euarchonta, where colugos are most closely related to primates, while treeshrews are basal to both colugos and primates and shrews, moles, desmans, solenodons, hedgehogs, and gymnures all belong to the superorder Laurasiatheria, where shrews, moles, desmans, and solenodons are all more closely related to bats while hedgehogs and gymnures are more closely related to both pangolins and carnivorans.
An inaccuracy you got soricomorpha and Erinaceomorpha are now in one single order mainly due to genetic analysis showing that hedgehogs are more closely related to shrews then shrews are to solenodons
@cholachanthyes9191, actually, Soricomorpha and Erinaceomorpha are different orders, shrews, moles, desmans, and solenodons are all more closely related to each other than to hedgehogs and gymnures, because Soricomorpha and Erinaceomorpha are separate orders, they are in fact not closely related at all, their similarities are due to convergent evolution as shrews, moles, desmans, and solenodons are all more closely related to to bats, whereas hedgehogs and gymnures are more closely related to both pangolins and carnivorans, which is why Laurasiatheria is officially divided into eight extant orders under two major clades being Typhlofera for the orders Soricomorpha (Shrews, Moles, Desmans, and Solenodons) and Chiroptera (Bats) and Archonychia for all the other laurasiatheres within the orders Erinaceomorpha (Hedgehogs and Gymnures), Pholidota (Pangolins), Carnivora (Carnivorans), Perissodactyla (Odd-Toed Hoofed Mammals), Artiodactyla (Even-Toed Hoofed Mammals), and Cetacea (Whales), with Archonychia being further divided into Acutodontia for the order’s Erinaceomorpha, Pholidota, and Carnivora and Cetungulata for the orders Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, and Cetacea.
Off-topic but relatable discussion: Elapidae is a former family of venomous snakes that included cobras, mambas, land kraits, african garter snakes, sea snakes, oceanian asps, and coral snakes, but this family is disbanded as its original type genus Elaps is found out to be invalid as it is now renamed Homoroselaps and belongs to the family Atractaspididae, because of this Elapidae is now replaced with five mostly unrelated families being Bungaridae for the land kraits and african garter snakes, Najidae for the cobras and mambas, Hydrophiidae for the sea snakes, Acanthophiidae for the oceanian asps, and Micruridae for the coral snakes, the families Najidae and Bungaridae are both more closely related to vipers, whereas the families Hydrophiidae, Acanthophiidae, and Micruridae are all more closely related to centipede-eaters, quill-snouted snakes, and harlequin snakes.
@cholachanthyes9191, actually, Elapidae has been shown to be both invalid and polyphyletic, this is mainly because its original type genus Elaps is found out to be invalid and is officially renamed Homoroselaps and now belongs to the family Atractaspididae, for this reason, Elapidae is no longer recognized, it is now replaced with five mostly unrelated families being Bungaridae (Land Kraits and African Garter Snakes), Najidae (Cobras and Mambas), Hydrophiidae (Sea Snakes), Acanthophiidae (Oceanian Asps), and Micruridae (Coral Snakes), the families Najidae and Bungaridae are both more closely related to vipers, whereas the families Hydrophiidae, Acanthophiidae, and Micruridae are all more closely related to centipede-eaters, quill-snouted snakes, and harlequin snakes, the similarities between these five distinct families are now thought to be nothing but a result of convergent evolution.
@cholachanthyes9191, because the original type genus Elaps is not valid anymore due to being renamed Homoroselaps and now belonging to the family Atractaspididae, the family Elapidae is now invalid and is therefore no longer recognized, it is now replaced with five mostly unrelated families being Bungaridae (Land Kraits and African Garter Snakes), Najidae (Cobras and Mambas), Hydrophiidae (Sea Snakes), Acanthophiidae (Oceanian Asps), and Micruridae (Coral Snakes), in fact, because the Elapidae family is a now-defunct taxon, cobras, mambas, land kraits, and garter snakes are more closely related to vipers, whereas sea snakes, oceanian asps, and coral snakes are all more closely related to centipede-eaters, quill-snouted snakes, and harlequin snakes, thus making the similarities of these five separate venomous snake families an example of convergent evolution.
The type genus for Troodontidae, Troodon, is considered a numen dubium, which means the holotype specimen was known from a single tooth, and because they holotype was so fragmentary, you can't asign a single tooth to a genus or species. So whatever later specimens we applied to Troodon, have been moved to other genera. Though the family hasn't changed its name, and is still called Troodontidae.
Off-topic discussion: Bovids are even-toed hoofed mammals that constitute the family Bovidae, there are over one-hundred-and-sixty-four extant species within seventy-two genera, ten subfamilies, and three major clades, the major clades are the primitive clade, the cattle-like clade, and the goat-like clade, bovids are the largest and most diverse family of living hoofed mammals, they are recognized by the possession of a single sharp end on each horn, meaning that the horns of bovids do not branch, this is present in both males and females, males tend to have longer horns than females, living bovids are only found in Africa, Eurasia, and North America, living bovids range in size from the royal antelope to the gaur.
Keep up the good work :), when possible and not in itself confusing I would like to hear more about what characteristics separate the families from each other (I suppose that's not always needed the white toothed shrews, red toothed shrews and African white-tooth shrews are pretty much clear😆😆 )
Very interesting video, highlighting the ways in which our knowledge has improved over the centuries. It’s always fun to look back on what scientists used to think, just to see how far we’ve come. Btw what song do you use for your outro? It sounds very reminiscent of genesis era sonic games.
Off-topic discussion: Pigs, also known as hogs or swine are even-toed hoofed mammals that constitute the family Suidae, there are twenty-five extant species within eight genera and a single extant subfamily, all pig species are found only in the Old World, pigs are omnivorous and are characterized by their long snout and flat cylindrical nose, they are not the only family of even-toed hoofed mammals to have these features, there are also the peccaries, which are a distinct family (Tayassuidae) found only in the New World with larger differences from pigs such as shorter tails and shorter tusks Taxonomy: • Family: Suidae (Pigs) •• Subfamily: Suinae (Modern Pigs) ••• Tribe: Suini (Common Pigs and Pygmy Hog) •••• Genus: Porcula (Pygmy Hog Lineage) ••••• Species: Porcula salvania (Pygmy Hog) •••• Genus: Sus (Common Pigs) ••••• Species: Sus scrofa (Wild Boar) ••••• Species: Sus meridionalis (Mediterranean Hog) ••••• Species: Sus algirus (Barbary Pig) ••••• Species: Sus nigripes (Black-Footed Hog) ••••• Species: Sus cristatus (Indian Hog) ••••• Species: Sus vittatus (Banded Pig) ••••• Species: Sus taivanus (Formosan Hog) ••••• Species: Sus leucomystax (Japanese Pig) ••• Tribe: Babyrousini (Babirusas and Bearded Pigs) •••• Genus: Chaetorhinus (Bearded Pigs) ••••• Species: Chaetorhinus barbatus (Sunda Bearded Pig) ••••• Species: Chaetorhinus ahoenobarbus (Palawan Bearded Pig) •••• Genus: Babyrousa (Babirusas) ••••• Species: Babyrousa babyrussa (Buru Babirusa) ••••• Species: Babyrousa bolabatuensis (Bola Batu Babirusa) ••••• Species: Babyrousa celebensis (North Sulawesi Babirusa) ••••• Species: Babyrousa togeanensis (Togian Babirusa) ••• Tribe: Phacochoerini (Warthogs, River Pigs, Forest Hogs, and Warty Pigs) •••• Genus: Verrucophorus (Warty Pigs) ••••• Species: Verrucophorus verrucosus (Javan Warty Pig) ••••• Species: Verrucophorus celebensis (Sulawesi Warty Pig) ••••• Species: Verrucophorus cebifrons (Visayan Warty Pig) ••••• Species: Verrucophorus philippensis (Philippine Warty Pig) ••••• Species: Verrucophorus oliveri (Mindoro Warty Pig) •••• Genus: Potamochoerus (River Pigs) ••••• Species: Potamochoerus larvatus (Bushpig) ••••• Species: Potamochoerus porcus (Red River Pig) •••• Genus: Hylochoerus (Forest Hogs) ••••• Species: Hylochoerus meinertzhageni (Giant Forest Hog) •••• Genus: Phacochoerus (Warthogs) ••••• Species: Phacochoerus africanus (Common Warthog) ••••• Species: Phacochoerus aethiopicus (Desert Warthog)
@cholachanthyes9191, actually, there are twenty-five extant pig species as Sus scrofa is polyphyletic, the word "pig" does correctly apply to the family Suidae as a whole.
Thank you for another excellent video. It's interesting how hindsight lends perspective. While at the time it seemed perfectly reasonable to assume mammals with similar lifestyles and anatomy would be most closely related, it's now very obvious that 'insectivore' is no more than the 'basal' lifestyle for all mammals and a useful one to occasionally return to, so has little relevance to phylogeny. I wonder what other 'reasonable mistakes' we have made that may only become obvious with new discoveries?
The reasons the Insectivora taxon is disbanded are because the small insectivorous placental mammals that are alive today are not as primitive as previously thought at all and that they no longer constitute a single monophyletic group, in fact, recent analysis shows four major placental mammal groups being Xenarthra, Afrotheria, Laurasiatheria, and Euarchontoglires, there is no taxon traditionally placed under Insectivora that belongs to Xenarthra, Insectivora is officially now replaced with six separate orders being Macroscelidea for the elephant shrews (aka sengis), Afrosoricida for the tenrecs, otter shrews, and golden moles, Soricomorpha for the shrews, moles, desmans, and solenodons, Erinaceomorpha for the hedgehogs and gymnures, Scandentia for the treeshrews, and Dermoptera for the colugos, two of each belonging to the other three superorders of placental mammals with Macroscelidea and Afrosoricida both belonging to Afrotheria, Soricomorpha and Erinaceomorpha both belonging to Laurasiatheria, and Scandentia and Dermoptera both belonging to Euarchontoglires, while the orders Macroscelidea and Afrosoricida do constitute a single monophyletic group within the Afrotheria superorder, the orders Soricomorpha and Erinaceomorpha and the orders Scandentia and Dermoptera respectively do not, as proposed taxa Eulipotyphla and Sundatheria are not monophyletic, Eulipotyphla is polyphyletic because shrews, moles, desmans, and solenodons are all more closely related to bats, while hedgehogs and gymnures are both more closely related to pangolins and carnivorans, whereas Sundatheria is paraphyletic because colugos are more closely related to primates, while treeshrews are basal to both.
Why don’t you get to think of a suggestion and creating of another CZcams Videos that’s all about The Evolution Of The Hyenas on the next Animal Origins coming up next?!⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️👍👍👍👍👍
Off-topic discussion: Camels are even-toed hoofed mammals that constitute the family Camelidae, they are known for their long necks, padded feet, and small hooves on each toe, they are native to Africa, Asia, and South America, there are six extant species within four genera and a single extant subfamily, contrary to popular belief, not all camels live in deserts, only the dromedary does, whereas the bactrian camel, guanaco, llama, vicuna, and alpaca all prefer to live in grassier, more mountainous, more forested, and snowier habitats, the bactrian camel is is the largest living camel and is one of many living megafauna of the Himalayas, like the yak, takin, moose, elk, hangul, and thorold's deer Taxonomy: • Family: Camelidae (Camels) •• Subfamily: Camelinae (Modern Camels) ••• Tribe: Lamini (Modern Humpless Camels) •••• Genus: Vicugna (Vicuna and Alpaca) ••••• Species: Vicugna vicugna (Vicuna) ••••• Species: Vicugna pacos (Alpaca) •••• Genus: Lama (Guanaco and Llama) ••••• Species: Lama guanicoe (Guanaco) ••••• Species: Lama glama (Llama) ••• Tribe: Camelini (Humped Camels) •••• Genus: Camelus (Modern One-Humped Camels) ••••• Species: Camelus dromedarius (Dromedary) •••• Genus: Oreocamelus (Two-Humped Camels) ••••• Species: Oreocamelus bactrianus (Bactrian Camel)
To correct your thing llamas and alpacas are under the same genus and bacterian and dromedary camels are also under the same genus and they also discovered the bacterian camel is actually 2 different species the bacterian camel or domestic bacterian camel and wild bacterian camel
@cholachanthyes9191, actually, there are just six extant camel species under four genera, which are the Vicuna (Vicugna vicugna), the Alpaca (Vicugna pacos), the Guanaco (Lama guanicoe), the Llama (Lama glama), the Dromedary (Camelus dromedarius), and the Bactrian Camel (Oreocamelus bactrianus), all four extant camel genera are based solely on morphology, all six extant species within four genera belong to the subfamily Camelinae (Modern Camels), which is further divided into two tribes being Lamini (Modern Humpless Camels) for the genera Vicugna (Vicuna and Alpaca) and Lama (Guanaco and Llama) and Camelini (Humped Camels) for the genera Camelus (Modern One-Humped Camels) and Oreocamelus (Two-Humped Camels), all these four extant camel genera have many major differences, for within the Lamini tribe, the differences between the genera Vicugna and Lama is that all species within the genus Vicugna have short snouts whereas all species within the genus Lama have longer snouts, while for within the Camelini tribe, all species under the Camelus genus have just one hump whereas all species in the genus Oreocamelus have two humps, in fact, the Oreocamelus genus has so far just two recognized species, the currently living Bactrian Camel (Oreocamelus bactrianus) and the extinct †Knobloch's Camel (Oreocamelus knoblochi), the wild bactrian camel and domestic bactrian camel are not separate species, they are just a single species with the domestic bactrian camel simply being a population, in fact, while both genera Vicugna and Lama fall under the tribe Lamini, they are actually not that closely related at all, similarly, both genera Camelus and Oreocamelus fall under the tribe Camelini, but are not that closely related either, which is why all four extant camel genera are based on morphology and morphology alone.
@@indyreno2933 nope the grammar is fine to understand you just need to stop believing in outdated phylogeny now tell me where did you get this dumb phylogeny
@cholachanthyes9191, based on this, llamas and alpacas are under the same tribe not genus, the alpaca belongs to the genus Vicugna along with the vicuna, whereas the llama belongs to the genus Lama alongside the guanaco, similarly the dromedary and bactrian camel are also under the same tribe not genus, which is why the dromedary and bactrian camel now belong to different genera, with the Camelus genus now applying to only the dromedary, whereas the bactrian camel now belongs to a new genus being Oreocamelus, which is why camels (family Camelidae) have just six extant species under four genera, with all four extant camel genera being based solely on morphology, with the four extant camel genera being Vicugna (Vicuna and Alpaca), Lama (Guanaco and Llama), Camelus (Modern One-Humped Camels), and Oreocamelus (Two-Humped Camels), Vicugna contains two extant species: the Vicuna (Vicugna vicugna) and the Alpaca (Vicugna pacos), Lama contains two extant species: the Guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and the Llama (Lama glama), Camelus contains a single extant species being the Dromedary (Camelus dromedarius), and Oreocamelus contains a single extant species being the Bactrian Camel (Oreocamelus bactrianus), both genera Vicugna and Lama belong to the tribe Lamini, but they are not that closely related at all, similarly both genera Camelus and Oreocamelus belong to the tribe Camelini, but they are also not that closely related at all either.
Off-topic discussion: Rhinos are odd-toed hoofed mammals that constitute the family Rhinocerotidae, they are found only in both Africa and Asia, there are so far five extant rhino species within four genera and two subfamilies, all living rhino species have horns that are made of keratin, meaning rhino horns do not grow from their skulls Taxonomy: • Family: Rhinocerotidae (Rhinos) •• Subfamily: Rhinocerotinae (Modern One-Horned Rhinos) ••• Tribe: Rhinocerotini (Modern Eurasian One-Horned Rhinos) •••• Genus: Rhinoceros (Modern Asiatic One-Horned Rhinos) ••••• Species: Rhinoceros unicornis (Indian Rhino) ••••• Species: Rhinoceros sondaicus (Javan Rhino) •• Subfamily: Dicerotinae (Two-Horned Rhinos) ••• Tribe: Dicerorhinini (Eurasian Two-Horned Rhinos) •••• Genus: Dicerorhinus (Modern Asiatic Two-Horned Rhinos) ••••• Species: Dicerorhinus sumatrensis (Hairy Rhino) ••• Tribe: Dicerotini (African Two-Horned Rhinos) •••• Genus: Diceros (Black Rhino Lineage) ••••• Species: Diceros bicornis (Black Rhino) •••• Genus: Ceratotherium (White Rhino Lineage) ••••• Species: Ceratotherium simum (White Rhino)
i got this notification and because im a crackhead for this kind of thing i of course watched but i forgot that you fucking use touhou music for your outro and it caught me off guard like it did when i first found your channel good shit👌
Actually, that taxon is not valid, there are instead the orders Soricomorpha (Shrews, Moles, Desmans, and Solenodons) and Erinaceomorpha (Hedgehogs and Gymnures), which are not closely related to each other at all, soricomorphs are more closely related to bats, while erinaceomorphs are more closely related to both pangolins and carnivorans.
Genomic analysis is the shiny new hammer, which makes every classification look like a nail. One day we'll remember that there is value in understanding an organism's ecological role, regardless of its ancestry. Sometimes the only thing that's important is whether it looks like a duck and quacks like a duck.
Pray this now please 🙏 "CREATOR OF THE UNIVERSE, LORD GOD, please know I do not worship any false gods, I worship you. Thank you for everything CREATOR OF THE UNIVERSE, LORD GOD. Amen." 🙏🙏 Please pray this now, pray the words as you read them if you can't look and remember them
Hey guys, wanted to clarify a mistake I made. In this video I mentioned that colugos are now part of the primate grouping but that’s not actually true; they are actually just outside the order and the closest living relative of the primates.
Just wanted to let you guys know since I wanna keep the boys well-informed with accurate info 🦧
Carnivora should be renamed as felicanida as a way to reduce confusion.
Shrews are kind of the "default" mammal and everything looked like a shrew if you go back far enough, so it makes sense these animals wouldn't actually be closely related in the current day.
the default mammal is the rodent
@@tomkatt8274both are small and have rounder bodies, sm eh
@leandraferesthogar7249, that's where you are incorrect, not all rodents are small.
@@indyreno2933 forgot about the South American bois, that ones on me.
The mammalian version of lizard
When I was in graduate school in the 1980s, the taxonomy instructor stated outright that the order Insectivora was a garbage collection but there was no practical way to sort it out.
And they sorted it out
Kinda like Protista today
Pizzavora is a clade of humans preferring pizza before hamburgers, the others belonging to the clade of Hamburgavora. This is very important!
Hamburgers are the inhabitants of Hamburg in Germany.
RIP Order Insectivora.
You will be remembered ...... until you're not.
They die fast 3 years tops. Not the best diet for longevity. 🤮
Still waiting for a revision on your Palaeoloxodon Namadicus video, as it’s been proven very outdated
@@sambystoma.mexicanum it’s a joke, just look at his community posts
Straight-tusked elephants are extinct elephants that constitute the genus Palaeoloxodon, there are fifteen recognized species: the †Dietrich's Straight-Tusked Elephant (Palaeoloxodon recki), the †Maglio's Straight-Tusked Elephant (Palaeoloxodon ekorensis), the †Pomel's Straight-Tusked Elephant (Palaeoloxodon iolensis), the †Occidental Straight-Tusked Elephant (Palaeoloxodon antiquus), the †Bate's Lesser Straight-Tusked Elephant (Palaeoloxodon cypriotes), the †Xylophagou Lesser Straight-Tusked Elephant (Palaeoloxodon xylophagou), the †Tilos Lesser Straight-Tusked Elephant (Palaeoloxodon tiliensis), the †Naxos Lesser Straight-Tusked Elephant (Palaeoloxodon lomolinoi), the †Crete Lesser Straight-Tusked Elephant (Palaeoloxodon creutzburgi), the †Adams' Lesser Straight-Tusked Elephant (Palaeoloxodon mnaidriensis), the †Busk's Lesser Straight-Tusked Elephant (Palaeoloxodon falconeri), the †Turkmenian Straight-Tusked Elephant (Palaeoloxodon turkmenicus), the †Indian Straight-Tusked Elephant (Palaeoloxodon namadicus), the †Chinese Straight-Tusked Elephant (Palaeoloxodon huaihoensis), and the †Japanese Straight-Tusked Elephant (Palaeoloxodon naumanni).
Insectivora is a former taxon of placental mammals that once included the shrews, moles, desmans, solenodons, hedgehogs, gymnures, tenrecs, otter shrews, golden moles, colugos, treeshrews, and elephant shrews, but this group is now disbanded and replaced with six separate orders being Macroscelidea for the elephant shrews, Afrosoricida for the tenrecs, otter shrews, and golden moles, Soricomorpha for the shrews, moles, desmans, and solenodons, Erinaceomorpha for the hedgehogs and gymnures, Scandentia for the treeshrews, and Dermoptera for the colugos, while the elephant shrews (or sengis) are classified within the tenrecs, otter shrews, and golden moles under the superorder Afrotheria, specifically the clade Afroinsectivora within the grandorder Afroinsectiphilia, the colugos and treeshrews both belong to the superorder Euarchontoglires, namely the grandorder Euarchonta, where colugos are most closely related to primates, while treeshrews are basal to both colugos and primates and shrews, moles, desmans, solenodons, hedgehogs, and gymnures all belong to the superorder Laurasiatheria, where shrews, moles, desmans, and solenodons are all more closely related to bats while hedgehogs and gymnures are more closely related to both pangolins and carnivorans.
An inaccuracy you got soricomorpha and Erinaceomorpha are now in one single order mainly due to genetic analysis showing that hedgehogs are more closely related to shrews then shrews are to solenodons
@cholachanthyes9191, actually, Soricomorpha and Erinaceomorpha are different orders, shrews, moles, desmans, and solenodons are all more closely related to each other than to hedgehogs and gymnures, because Soricomorpha and Erinaceomorpha are separate orders, they are in fact not closely related at all, their similarities are due to convergent evolution as shrews, moles, desmans, and solenodons are all more closely related to to bats, whereas hedgehogs and gymnures are more closely related to both pangolins and carnivorans, which is why Laurasiatheria is officially divided into eight extant orders under two major clades being Typhlofera for the orders Soricomorpha (Shrews, Moles, Desmans, and Solenodons) and Chiroptera (Bats) and Archonychia for all the other laurasiatheres within the orders Erinaceomorpha (Hedgehogs and Gymnures), Pholidota (Pangolins), Carnivora (Carnivorans), Perissodactyla (Odd-Toed Hoofed Mammals), Artiodactyla (Even-Toed Hoofed Mammals), and Cetacea (Whales), with Archonychia being further divided into Acutodontia for the order’s Erinaceomorpha, Pholidota, and Carnivora and Cetungulata for the orders Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, and Cetacea.
Wake up babe new Animal Origins upload 😭😭😭
Off-topic but relatable discussion: Elapidae is a former family of venomous snakes that included cobras, mambas, land kraits, african garter snakes, sea snakes, oceanian asps, and coral snakes, but this family is disbanded as its original type genus Elaps is found out to be invalid as it is now renamed Homoroselaps and belongs to the family Atractaspididae, because of this Elapidae is now replaced with five mostly unrelated families being Bungaridae for the land kraits and african garter snakes, Najidae for the cobras and mambas, Hydrophiidae for the sea snakes, Acanthophiidae for the oceanian asps, and Micruridae for the coral snakes, the families Najidae and Bungaridae are both more closely related to vipers, whereas the families Hydrophiidae, Acanthophiidae, and Micruridae are all more closely related to centipede-eaters, quill-snouted snakes, and harlequin snakes.
This is not remotely true elapidae is still recognized as a family but if you want a true former family or should I say order cetecea
@cholachanthyes9191, actually, Elapidae has been shown to be both invalid and polyphyletic, this is mainly because its original type genus Elaps is found out to be invalid and is officially renamed Homoroselaps and now belongs to the family Atractaspididae, for this reason, Elapidae is no longer recognized, it is now replaced with five mostly unrelated families being Bungaridae (Land Kraits and African Garter Snakes), Najidae (Cobras and Mambas), Hydrophiidae (Sea Snakes), Acanthophiidae (Oceanian Asps), and Micruridae (Coral Snakes), the families Najidae and Bungaridae are both more closely related to vipers, whereas the families Hydrophiidae, Acanthophiidae, and Micruridae are all more closely related to centipede-eaters, quill-snouted snakes, and harlequin snakes, the similarities between these five distinct families are now thought to be nothing but a result of convergent evolution.
@@indyreno2933 it is still valid you are making your own assumptions on things just because you don't like to work with other people probably
@cholachanthyes9191, because the original type genus Elaps is not valid anymore due to being renamed Homoroselaps and now belonging to the family Atractaspididae, the family Elapidae is now invalid and is therefore no longer recognized, it is now replaced with five mostly unrelated families being Bungaridae (Land Kraits and African Garter Snakes), Najidae (Cobras and Mambas), Hydrophiidae (Sea Snakes), Acanthophiidae (Oceanian Asps), and Micruridae (Coral Snakes), in fact, because the Elapidae family is a now-defunct taxon, cobras, mambas, land kraits, and garter snakes are more closely related to vipers, whereas sea snakes, oceanian asps, and coral snakes are all more closely related to centipede-eaters, quill-snouted snakes, and harlequin snakes, thus making the similarities of these five separate venomous snake families an example of convergent evolution.
The type genus for Troodontidae, Troodon, is considered a numen dubium, which means the holotype specimen was known from a single tooth, and because they holotype was so fragmentary, you can't asign a single tooth to a genus or species. So whatever later specimens we applied to Troodon, have been moved to other genera. Though the family hasn't changed its name, and is still called Troodontidae.
Off-topic discussion: Bovids are even-toed hoofed mammals that constitute the family Bovidae, there are over one-hundred-and-sixty-four extant species within seventy-two genera, ten subfamilies, and three major clades, the major clades are the primitive clade, the cattle-like clade, and the goat-like clade, bovids are the largest and most diverse family of living hoofed mammals, they are recognized by the possession of a single sharp end on each horn, meaning that the horns of bovids do not branch, this is present in both males and females, males tend to have longer horns than females, living bovids are only found in Africa, Eurasia, and North America, living bovids range in size from the royal antelope to the gaur.
Thanks for covering this, this is a fascinating topic. I am looking forward to more videos like this.
Love your channel keep it up bro
Sonic looks nothing like a hedgehog
Off-topic discussion: Equids are odd-toed hoofed mammals that constitute the family Equidae, there are eight extant species within three subgenera of a single extant genus, living species are known for possessing a single toe on each foot, living species are only found in Africa and Asia in the wild, they range in size from the perdjie to the grevy's zebra
Taxonomy:
• Family: Equidae (Equids)
•• Subfamily: Equinae (Equines)
••• Tribe: Equini (Equinoids)
•••• Subtribe: Equina (Equinids)
••••• Genus: Equus (Horses, Zebras, and Donkeys)
•••••• Subgenus: Asinus (Donkeys)
••••••• Species: Equus (Asinus) kiang (Kiang)
•••••••• Subspecies: Equus (Asinus) kiang kiang (Western Kiang)
•••••••• Subspecies: Equus (Asinus) kiang chu (Northern Kiang)
•••••••• Subspecies: Equus (Asinus) kiang holdereri (Eastern Kiang)
•••••••• Subspecies: Equus (Asinus) kiang polyodon (Southern Kiang)
••••••• Species: Equus (Asinus) hemionus (Onager)
•••••••• Subspecies: Equus (Asinus) hemionus hemionus (Mongolian Onager)
•••••••• Subspecies: Equus (Asinus) hemionus khur (Indian Onager)
•••••••• Subspecies: Equus (Asinus) hemionus kulan (Turkmenian Onager)
•••••••• Subspecies: Equus (Asinus) hemionus onager (Persian Onager)
•••••••• Subspecies: †Equus (Asinus) hemionus hemmipus (Syrian Onager)
••••••• Species: Equus (Asinus) africanus (Perdjie)
•••••••• Subspecies: †Equus (Asinus) africanus atlanticus (Barbary Perdjie)
•••••••• Subspecies: Equus (Asinus) africanus somaliensis (Somali Perdjie)
•••••••• Subspecies: Equus (Asinus) africanus africanus (Nubian Perdjie)
•••••••• Subspecies: Equus (Asinus) africanus domesticus (Domestic Donkey)
•••••• Subgenus: Equus (Horses)
••••••• Species: Equus (Equus) przewalskii (Takhi)
•••••••• Subspecies: Equus (Equus) przewalskii dzungariensis (Western Takhi)
•••••••• Subspecies: Equus (Equus) przewalskii przewalskii (Eastern Takhi)
••••••• Species: Equus (Equus) ferus (Tarpan)
•••••••• Subspecies: †Equus (Equus) ferus sibiricus (Siberian Tarpan)
•••••••• Subspecies: †Equus (Equus) ferus baikalensis (Baikal Tarpan)
•••••••• Subspecies: †Equus (Equus) ferus ferus (West Russian Tarpan)
•••••••• Subspecies: Equus (Equus) ferus caballus (Domestic Horse)
•••••• Subgenus: Hippotigris (Zebras)
••••••• Species: Equus (Hippotigris) grevyi (Grevy's Zebra)
•••••••• Subspecies: Equus (Hippotigris) grevyi grevyi (Ethiopian Zebra)
•••••••• Subspecies: Equus (Hippotigris) grevyi kenyensis (Kenyan Zebra)
••••••• Species: Equus (Hippotigris) burchellii (Plains Zebra)
•••••••• Subspecies: Equus (Hippotigris) burchellii borensis (Maneless Zebra)
•••••••• Subspecies: Equus (Hippotigris) burchellii boehmi (Grant's Zebra)
•••••••• Subspecies: Equus (Hippotigris) burchellii selousi (Selous's Zebra)
•••••••• Subspecies: Equus (Hippotigris) burchellii crawshayi (Crawshay's Zebra)
•••••••• Subspecies: Equus (Hippotigris) burchellii chapmani (Chapman's Zebra)
•••••••• Subspecies: Equus (Hippotigris) burchellii burchellii (Burchell's Zebra)
••••••• Species: Equus (Hippotigris) zebra (Mountain Zebra)
•••••••• Subspecies: Equus (Hippotigris) zebra zebra (Cape Mountain Zebra)
•••••••• Subspecies: Equus (Hippotigris) zebra hartmannae (Hartmann's Mountain Zebra)
"Look I don't know how to pronounce this-"
The legit confusion and frustration in their voice is so relatable
Correction: elephant shrews belong to there own separate order called Macroscelidea.
we want insectivora back people!
science has always been arguable and evolving
Keep up the good work :), when possible and not in itself confusing I would like to hear more about what characteristics separate the families from each other (I suppose that's not always needed the white toothed shrews, red toothed shrews and African white-tooth shrews are pretty much clear😆😆 )
Now this, is a Hakuna Matata moment
One hell of a birthday gift!
Very interesting video, highlighting the ways in which our knowledge has improved over the centuries. It’s always fun to look back on what scientists used to think, just to see how far we’ve come. Btw what song do you use for your outro? It sounds very reminiscent of genesis era sonic games.
Off-topic discussion: Pigs, also known as hogs or swine are even-toed hoofed mammals that constitute the family Suidae, there are twenty-five extant species within eight genera and a single extant subfamily, all pig species are found only in the Old World, pigs are omnivorous and are characterized by their long snout and flat cylindrical nose, they are not the only family of even-toed hoofed mammals to have these features, there are also the peccaries, which are a distinct family (Tayassuidae) found only in the New World with larger differences from pigs such as shorter tails and shorter tusks
Taxonomy:
• Family: Suidae (Pigs)
•• Subfamily: Suinae (Modern Pigs)
••• Tribe: Suini (Common Pigs and Pygmy Hog)
•••• Genus: Porcula (Pygmy Hog Lineage)
••••• Species: Porcula salvania (Pygmy Hog)
•••• Genus: Sus (Common Pigs)
••••• Species: Sus scrofa (Wild Boar)
••••• Species: Sus meridionalis (Mediterranean Hog)
••••• Species: Sus algirus (Barbary Pig)
••••• Species: Sus nigripes (Black-Footed Hog)
••••• Species: Sus cristatus (Indian Hog)
••••• Species: Sus vittatus (Banded Pig)
••••• Species: Sus taivanus (Formosan Hog)
••••• Species: Sus leucomystax (Japanese Pig)
••• Tribe: Babyrousini (Babirusas and Bearded Pigs)
•••• Genus: Chaetorhinus (Bearded Pigs)
••••• Species: Chaetorhinus barbatus (Sunda Bearded Pig)
••••• Species: Chaetorhinus ahoenobarbus (Palawan Bearded Pig)
•••• Genus: Babyrousa (Babirusas)
••••• Species: Babyrousa babyrussa (Buru Babirusa)
••••• Species: Babyrousa bolabatuensis (Bola Batu Babirusa)
••••• Species: Babyrousa celebensis (North Sulawesi Babirusa)
••••• Species: Babyrousa togeanensis (Togian Babirusa)
••• Tribe: Phacochoerini (Warthogs, River Pigs, Forest Hogs, and Warty Pigs)
•••• Genus: Verrucophorus (Warty Pigs)
••••• Species: Verrucophorus verrucosus (Javan Warty Pig)
••••• Species: Verrucophorus celebensis (Sulawesi Warty Pig)
••••• Species: Verrucophorus cebifrons (Visayan Warty Pig)
••••• Species: Verrucophorus philippensis (Philippine Warty Pig)
••••• Species: Verrucophorus oliveri (Mindoro Warty Pig)
•••• Genus: Potamochoerus (River Pigs)
••••• Species: Potamochoerus larvatus (Bushpig)
••••• Species: Potamochoerus porcus (Red River Pig)
•••• Genus: Hylochoerus (Forest Hogs)
••••• Species: Hylochoerus meinertzhageni (Giant Forest Hog)
•••• Genus: Phacochoerus (Warthogs)
••••• Species: Phacochoerus africanus (Common Warthog)
••••• Species: Phacochoerus aethiopicus (Desert Warthog)
There are only 18 species of suids not 25
@cholachanthyes9191, actually, there are twenty-five extant pig species as Sus scrofa is polyphyletic, the word "pig" does correctly apply to the family Suidae as a whole.
Thank you for another excellent video. It's interesting how hindsight lends perspective.
While at the time it seemed perfectly reasonable to assume mammals with similar lifestyles and anatomy would be most closely related, it's now very obvious that 'insectivore' is no more than the 'basal' lifestyle for all mammals and a useful one to occasionally return to, so has little relevance to phylogeny. I wonder what other 'reasonable mistakes' we have made that may only become obvious with new discoveries?
The reasons the Insectivora taxon is disbanded are because the small insectivorous placental mammals that are alive today are not as primitive as previously thought at all and that they no longer constitute a single monophyletic group, in fact, recent analysis shows four major placental mammal groups being Xenarthra, Afrotheria, Laurasiatheria, and Euarchontoglires, there is no taxon traditionally placed under Insectivora that belongs to Xenarthra, Insectivora is officially now replaced with six separate orders being Macroscelidea for the elephant shrews (aka sengis), Afrosoricida for the tenrecs, otter shrews, and golden moles, Soricomorpha for the shrews, moles, desmans, and solenodons, Erinaceomorpha for the hedgehogs and gymnures, Scandentia for the treeshrews, and Dermoptera for the colugos, two of each belonging to the other three superorders of placental mammals with Macroscelidea and Afrosoricida both belonging to Afrotheria, Soricomorpha and Erinaceomorpha both belonging to Laurasiatheria, and Scandentia and Dermoptera both belonging to Euarchontoglires, while the orders Macroscelidea and Afrosoricida do constitute a single monophyletic group within the Afrotheria superorder, the orders Soricomorpha and Erinaceomorpha and the orders Scandentia and Dermoptera respectively do not, as proposed taxa Eulipotyphla and Sundatheria are not monophyletic, Eulipotyphla is polyphyletic because shrews, moles, desmans, and solenodons are all more closely related to bats, while hedgehogs and gymnures are both more closely related to pangolins and carnivorans, whereas Sundatheria is paraphyletic because colugos are more closely related to primates, while treeshrews are basal to both.
Why don’t you get to think of a suggestion and creating of another CZcams Videos that’s all about The Evolution Of The Hyenas on the next Animal Origins coming up next?!⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️👍👍👍👍👍
Maybe do carnosauria for the next installment of this series. I can even help you with research on it.
Off-topic discussion: Camels are even-toed hoofed mammals that constitute the family Camelidae, they are known for their long necks, padded feet, and small hooves on each toe, they are native to Africa, Asia, and South America, there are six extant species within four genera and a single extant subfamily, contrary to popular belief, not all camels live in deserts, only the dromedary does, whereas the bactrian camel, guanaco, llama, vicuna, and alpaca all prefer to live in grassier, more mountainous, more forested, and snowier habitats, the bactrian camel is is the largest living camel and is one of many living megafauna of the Himalayas, like the yak, takin, moose, elk, hangul, and thorold's deer
Taxonomy:
• Family: Camelidae (Camels)
•• Subfamily: Camelinae (Modern Camels)
••• Tribe: Lamini (Modern Humpless Camels)
•••• Genus: Vicugna (Vicuna and Alpaca)
••••• Species: Vicugna vicugna (Vicuna)
••••• Species: Vicugna pacos (Alpaca)
•••• Genus: Lama (Guanaco and Llama)
••••• Species: Lama guanicoe (Guanaco)
••••• Species: Lama glama (Llama)
••• Tribe: Camelini (Humped Camels)
•••• Genus: Camelus (Modern One-Humped Camels)
••••• Species: Camelus dromedarius (Dromedary)
•••• Genus: Oreocamelus (Two-Humped Camels)
••••• Species: Oreocamelus bactrianus (Bactrian Camel)
To correct your thing llamas and alpacas are under the same genus and bacterian and dromedary camels are also under the same genus and they also discovered the bacterian camel is actually 2 different species the bacterian camel or domestic bacterian camel and wild bacterian camel
@cholachanthyes9191, actually, there are just six extant camel species under four genera, which are the Vicuna (Vicugna vicugna), the Alpaca (Vicugna pacos), the Guanaco (Lama guanicoe), the Llama (Lama glama), the Dromedary (Camelus dromedarius), and the Bactrian Camel (Oreocamelus bactrianus), all four extant camel genera are based solely on morphology, all six extant species within four genera belong to the subfamily Camelinae (Modern Camels), which is further divided into two tribes being Lamini (Modern Humpless Camels) for the genera Vicugna (Vicuna and Alpaca) and Lama (Guanaco and Llama) and Camelini (Humped Camels) for the genera Camelus (Modern One-Humped Camels) and Oreocamelus (Two-Humped Camels), all these four extant camel genera have many major differences, for within the Lamini tribe, the differences between the genera Vicugna and Lama is that all species within the genus Vicugna have short snouts whereas all species within the genus Lama have longer snouts, while for within the Camelini tribe, all species under the Camelus genus have just one hump whereas all species in the genus Oreocamelus have two humps, in fact, the Oreocamelus genus has so far just two recognized species, the currently living Bactrian Camel (Oreocamelus bactrianus) and the extinct †Knobloch's Camel (Oreocamelus knoblochi), the wild bactrian camel and domestic bactrian camel are not separate species, they are just a single species with the domestic bactrian camel simply being a population, in fact, while both genera Vicugna and Lama fall under the tribe Lamini, they are actually not that closely related at all, similarly, both genera Camelus and Oreocamelus fall under the tribe Camelini, but are not that closely related either, which is why all four extant camel genera are based on morphology and morphology alone.
@cholachanthyes9191, also, check your spelling and grammar.
@@indyreno2933 nope the grammar is fine to understand you just need to stop believing in outdated phylogeny now tell me where did you get this dumb phylogeny
@cholachanthyes9191, based on this, llamas and alpacas are under the same tribe not genus, the alpaca belongs to the genus Vicugna along with the vicuna, whereas the llama belongs to the genus Lama alongside the guanaco, similarly the dromedary and bactrian camel are also under the same tribe not genus, which is why the dromedary and bactrian camel now belong to different genera, with the Camelus genus now applying to only the dromedary, whereas the bactrian camel now belongs to a new genus being Oreocamelus, which is why camels (family Camelidae) have just six extant species under four genera, with all four extant camel genera being based solely on morphology, with the four extant camel genera being Vicugna (Vicuna and Alpaca), Lama (Guanaco and Llama), Camelus (Modern One-Humped Camels), and Oreocamelus (Two-Humped Camels), Vicugna contains two extant species: the Vicuna (Vicugna vicugna) and the Alpaca (Vicugna pacos), Lama contains two extant species: the Guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and the Llama (Lama glama), Camelus contains a single extant species being the Dromedary (Camelus dromedarius), and Oreocamelus contains a single extant species being the Bactrian Camel (Oreocamelus bactrianus), both genera Vicugna and Lama belong to the tribe Lamini, but they are not that closely related at all, similarly both genera Camelus and Oreocamelus belong to the tribe Camelini, but they are also not that closely related at all either.
Off-topic discussion: Rhinos are odd-toed hoofed mammals that constitute the family Rhinocerotidae, they are found only in both Africa and Asia, there are so far five extant rhino species within four genera and two subfamilies, all living rhino species have horns that are made of keratin, meaning rhino horns do not grow from their skulls
Taxonomy:
• Family: Rhinocerotidae (Rhinos)
•• Subfamily: Rhinocerotinae (Modern One-Horned Rhinos)
••• Tribe: Rhinocerotini (Modern Eurasian One-Horned Rhinos)
•••• Genus: Rhinoceros (Modern Asiatic One-Horned Rhinos)
••••• Species: Rhinoceros unicornis (Indian Rhino)
••••• Species: Rhinoceros sondaicus (Javan Rhino)
•• Subfamily: Dicerotinae (Two-Horned Rhinos)
••• Tribe: Dicerorhinini (Eurasian Two-Horned Rhinos)
•••• Genus: Dicerorhinus (Modern Asiatic Two-Horned Rhinos)
••••• Species: Dicerorhinus sumatrensis (Hairy Rhino)
••• Tribe: Dicerotini (African Two-Horned Rhinos)
•••• Genus: Diceros (Black Rhino Lineage)
••••• Species: Diceros bicornis (Black Rhino)
•••• Genus: Ceratotherium (White Rhino Lineage)
••••• Species: Ceratotherium simum (White Rhino)
If it's off-topic, why would you comment it on this video instead of a video actually about rhinos?
i got this notification and because im a crackhead for this kind of thing i of course watched but i forgot that you fucking use touhou music for your outro and it caught me off guard like it did when i first found your channel
good shit👌
Eulipotyphla = truly fat and blind, i love these scientist!
Actually, that taxon is not valid, there are instead the orders Soricomorpha (Shrews, Moles, Desmans, and Solenodons) and Erinaceomorpha (Hedgehogs and Gymnures), which are not closely related to each other at all, soricomorphs are more closely related to bats, while erinaceomorphs are more closely related to both pangolins and carnivorans.
@@indyreno2933 yeah idk, i just find this attempt to classify is funny
How dare you mention Hedgehogs without finding a way to shoehorn in an Echidna? Shaaaaaame 😂
❤❤❤
Can you make the evolution of Cephalopods
Make a video with this Arsinoitheriidae family
You should do one on cetecea
pre notif? yo
They have the lowest life spans.
Hey man can you make a video about crocodiles
Can a homosapien get links to them songs you use for the background?
How could anyone confuse rodents with insectivores?
A lot of people think shrews are some kinda mice relative. I guess they slept in biology class.
Nay
Genomic analysis is the shiny new hammer, which makes every classification look like a nail. One day we'll remember that there is value in understanding an organism's ecological role, regardless of its ancestry.
Sometimes the only thing that's important is whether it looks like a duck and quacks like a duck.
🤮🤢0:51
Pray this now please 🙏
"CREATOR OF THE UNIVERSE, LORD GOD, please know I do not worship any false gods, I worship you. Thank you for everything CREATOR OF THE UNIVERSE, LORD GOD. Amen." 🙏🙏
Please pray this now, pray the words as you read them if you can't look and remember them
And this relates to the video because...?
Fellas we found a zealot