Is Russian Aviation Becoming Dangerous?! One Year Later.
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- čas přidán 27. 06. 2024
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Is Russia’s commercial aviation safe today, and if so, can it remain safe? There is a lot to cover about the effects on aviation from Russia’s invasion in Ukraine, since we last looked at the topic. And some recent worrying developments, that many of us predicted, inevitably bring up questions like the ones I just asked.
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Below you will find the links to videos and sources used in this episode.
Sources
• War in Ukraine: Seven ...
• Russia's invasion of U...
• Transportation of the ...
• Be a pilot! A success ...
• Spotting in Lviv | Lan...
• Lądowanie Airbusa A320...
• Video
• Raytheon CEO on Q4 ear...
• Raytheon Intelligence ...
• Raytheon CEO on Inflat...
• GE Aviation’s Auburn A...
• Аэрофлот вводит в эксп...
• Как раскрасить самолет...
• In the Making: First #...
• Air Corsica | First AT...
• Техническое обслуживан...
• In the Making: New #A3...
• JetBlue takes delivery...
• Delta Job Preview - A...
• Аэрофлот и ГСС заключи...
• Video
• Russie/Chine : accord ...
• Rusia evalúa reinicia...
• The Pratt & Whitney GT...
• Primer vuelo del Irkut...
• A320 Family: non-stop ...
• Boeing 737-10 and 777-...
• Lessors lose hope of g...
• How Ireland landed in ...
• Tu-214ON «Open Skies» ...
www.newsclick.in/After-COVID-...
simpleflying.com/russia-ukrai...
Cannibalism is dangerous because many fasteners are designed to for a single installation, and a replacement part comes with everything you can’t re-use. If you pull parts for transfer, you’ll be re-using things that shouldn’t be, and the reason may not be obvious.
Absolutely. I’m amazed that some people might think that as long as any old bolt goes through the hole, is the correct length or thread and can do up tight, then it’ll be ok. Even in the automotive industry, single use bolts, or stretch bolts, are not uncommon. As for replacement parts I only OEM spares in my car, because in the past when I did use cheaper pattern parts, they almost all failed prematurely and as we all know, there aren’t park-ups at 38,000 feet while you wait for the recovery truck to rescue you.
@@stephenbland7461 This. I recently refurbished the suspension on my Holden Berlina, not exactly a fancy car, just a more upmarket version of the Australian Holden Commodore of which millions were built. The Commodore/Berlina suspension has quite a few TTY bolts, as do other components such as the engine. I'd imagine a modern airliner would have thousands of the things. No way I'd want to fly on these planes.
@@d.boumghar7385 You reuse tie-wraps, torque-safe bolts, rivets and virtually anything plastic?... Plenty of things, especially on something as complex as an aircraft, are not designed to be reused. This is either because designing the part to be reused is much more expensive (the part now needs to be not just designed to work but also be removed and re-installed, also maintenance procedures need to be developed to remove the part etc.) or is simply impossible as removing a part will damage it.
I'm sure there's garages that will fit your car with used airbags for instance, or 2nd hand oil. Not too sure on their quality...
@@d.boumghar7385 Not neccessarily, TTY (Torque To Yield) bolts provide better clamping force than regular bolts you find at the hardware store, which is important for things such as say, car suspension, or the bolts that hold things such as landing gear or engines onto an aircraft.
@@stephenbland7461 this is why I'm glad my diesel teacher in my tech program also had an engineering degree.
If Iran and Venezuela can fly 30 year old commercial planes in heavy sanctions and without problems i don't think Russia would have a problem anytime soon
Cope
"without problems" lol
Wanna compare their safety record to European or American airlines?
@@shooterrick1 i don’t know about Venezuela but Iran has had a surprisingly safe history.
Boy this reminds me of a warship I was on. It was near the end of its life and certain parts were getting hard to find. We were supposed to do some operations but in engineering they had oil filter caps that needed new bolts. The wait time for it would have made the ship miss the operational schedule and the captain ordered the machine shop to manufacture the bolts, but of course they didn't meet the exact specs. While underway for a few days, that cap blew off. I can tell you that a ship that decommissioned in the early 90s meant older systems and in this case the main drive plant used steam engines and a engine room is hot, so much so that people had to be on a rotational schedule with less than one hour in the space and about 15 minutes out. I'm glad I worked with computer systems. When that cap blew off the engineering space caught fire. Two people died trying to get out because they didn't follow proper procedures for getting out. There is fire fighting equipment in those spaces and they for the most part worked but the fire did burn at a pretty high heat for a while until the space had no more oxygen in it. The ship was able to go back to port using the other engineering room (2 engineering rooms, one for each propeller). That was the end of the ship. It was supposed to have about one more year service but it decommissioned early.
Wrong bolts.
I hope their families received a considerable payout and a grovelling apology from the ships owners.
What warship was this?
@@keinlieb3818 Sounds like the Dahlgren.
That Captain should have burned at the mast for that decision.
I remember seeing a documentary about the Invincible class carriers, many of the British companies that supplied major systems were no longer in business. "Make do and mend" was the only way to keep them operating.
I remember; airlines in the US used a lot of non-approved parts 30 years ago. There was a lot of controversy in the industry. Fasteners were particularly problematic.
Yeah i saw an episode of "Mayday" that was about an accident where counterfeit parts were used, they said that after that, they did an inventory check of the spare parts for Airforce 1, and found that there were a number of counterfeit parts even on THAT plane.
@@JohnDoe-bd5sz Which episode or at least which season was that?
@user-pw3th9hf7k A friend of mine was an aircraft parts rep/salesman. He got complaints from a major airline's mechanics back in the '90's, that his parts were failing. He went and looked, and it turned out, that they weren't his company's parts. They were either counterfeit or off brand copies. Turned out, that unbeknownst to the mechanics, the airline was trying to save pennies on parts. They should have at least alerted their mechanics to the change in vendors, so they would know to at least put extra scrutiny on those parts, until they proved adequate.
@@JohnDoe-bd5sz Partnair 394
@@JohnDoe-bd5sz That's why there are now so many regulations about what companies are specifically certified to manufacture and supply aviation parts and why there is so much emphasis on traceability of every single component down to the fasteners all the way back to the very mills they were produced in to ensure as much as possible that aircraft aren't flying with incorrect or uncertified parts.
The maintenance shop where I work as an A&P apprentice takes parts traceability very seriously. No parts make it out onto the shop floor without first being verified and vetted by the guys in the parts department. We've also got strict rules and procedures about component tags. White tags for component identification (parts removed to be reinstalled), green tags for repairable parts (being sent out for refurbishment) and red tags for condemned parts. The FAA takes it seriously as well. We can be cited for something as simple as not filling out all the data blocks on a component tag. Any parts we get as "refurbished" or "as removed" have to have an unbroken chain of documentation for traceability and custody. It's scary to think that those safety guardrails are being so severely loosened in Russia. I feel for the flight crews there that have to fly those aircraft. As a pilot myself, I wouldn't want to take command of an aircraft where maintenance has become such a sketchy grey area.
My uncle worked in a shop that got their dick slapped by Transport Canada a few times for replacing broken parts with time expired parts.
They even ordered a replacement turbine for a turbo otter once, but gave P&W the tail number of their piston otter to get a discount on it.
Real sketch place.
Parts trader here. We had an end user refuse a part because it traced back to a Russian airline. On a separate note, do you have a surplus list of parts your looking to sell?
I wonder if there are any US or other embargo countries that built / maintain nuke plants in Russia?
Stay vigilant. Just because it has legitimate paperwork still does not mean its a legitimate part. The N.S.N ( nato stock number) system, while allowing components to be sourced rapidly from multiple suppliers, has been a problem for military maintainers to prove legitimacy of said component.
I'm working in APU/Engine repair facility in Russia. We have not changed the quality standards. We also use tags and everything else. If the part does not pass the IRM, then we reject it and simply order a new one. Quality of our work hasn't changed, rather, on the contrary, it has even increased, as our company is expanding.
In an earlier video, maybe a year ago, you described how an incredibly scary incident happened because a maintenance tech found the wrong screws from the box to fasten the windscreen. This lead to the window popping out and the plane losing cabin pressure, plus one pilot being sucked more than half way out, barely saved by an extra pair of hands in the cockpit grabbing hold of his feet. His head kept banging on the next window - but he survived. 🤕
Using correct parts is IMPORTANT ... 🤔
Thanks for informing us about air traffic safety in all aspects! 👍
Yes this happened on a British Airways B A C 1-11 done so Petter gets the pronounciation right in future ;) )
Yes, I think out of all the Mentour Pilot videos I've watched, the British Airways Flight 5390 where the windshield popped off midflight is probably the best example of how dangerous uncertified parts can be, because it's so tangible. Everybody most likely used at least once in their life improper screws for building furniture or similar because the original ones got lost, got damaged or so. And so did the maintenance engineer for this aircraft unknowingly, as he picked screws that looked identical, but were actually a few millimeters thinner than the original screws. A few millimeters difference which led to the terrifying nightmare of a situation of flying an aircraft with a missing windshield...
That's my favorite air crash investigation vid. The pilot was do humble about it. Pilots are heroes.
It was under the Imperial vs Metric context. The maintenance guy didn't have replacement bolts so he went to stores, where the guy behind the cage offered him metric alternatives. They looked close enough to him, during his late night shift. This resulted in the bolt threads being .5mm undersized. Had the bolts not been made of aluminum, they may have held. He also signed off on his own work. Cheers to the captain for sustaining such an unbelievable ride.
Also the non-standard titanium strip from a Continental DC-10 that contributed to the Concorde crash.
13:03 hi, mechanic here
.
these bolts were probably "torque to yield" (aka, torque to a known stretch)
and stretching the bolts is PERFECTLY FINE.... the first time
.
the metal they are made from, is designed to be stretched..... not too far.... but just right
this actually improves "clamping force"
.
it allows a bit of flexibility for when things heat up/cool down, ETC
.
.
however.... once removed.... these bolts dont QUITE return to their original length
so if you try and stretch them again.... now it is OVER stretched....
.
and over stretched bolts arnt "elastic" anymore....
so instead of having, say, 5000 pounds of clamping force.... that can go from 4000 to 6000 and return to 5000
.
now you torque it to 5000.... a re-used TTY bolt.......
but it just stretches and stretches.....and might only have 1500 pounds of clamping force
.
like, if you waited an hour and checked the torque again..... you would have to turn the bolt 1/4 turn OR MORE!!! to get to the same value
.
.
.
a new TTY bolt is like a spring
a re-used TTY bolt is like a wet noodle
.
its that simple
I have a friend in Russia, he is aviation maintenance worker in S7 Airlines. He said that they buy every western spare part they need through Turkey and Asia and rest of the world. Smuggling it by grey schemes, and so on. So basically sanction is a joke for them in total, I mean its a deal, but they had adapt and found the ways how to earn parts they need, even learned how to produce something for a western jets. Also, its not enough for future, but I think they will last with jets for a while until Tu-214 and MC-21 come in play.
Funny thing is that as long as this scheme is established the manufacturers will have no issue supplying whatever in a timely manner. Because: it’s business; it’s legal; and it’s goddamn titanium they so desperately need from Russia. Lol, both A and B are definitely cooperative pretending they don’t know what’s going on.
This works for them now but it takes extra time,more money,more logistics etc and this is how sanctions works. The goal is to wear it down,grind everything to halt slowly.
@@onlyoneofhiskind nope. Hundreds of flights flying around Russia daily cost incomparably more. This is all peanuts for Russia.
@@gustavevilleneuvedehoff-un5459
I guess ticket prices in Russia are bigger but it doesn't mean more money for them. Just the cheap airlines like Ryanair,Wizzair an Easy jet has more planes,more flights, more passengers and more profits than all Russian airlines. This is just Europe, Americans fly much more and got more planes than trains.
@@onlyoneofhiskind this is one funny sanction - you have to use a different legal entity to purchase goods. It doesn’t really cost Russia anything worth noting. But supplies from Russia to the world economics is another story. Interesting “sanctions”, actually. But we all secretly know, don’t we - it’s US destroying EU’s economics.
The worst part is this won’t end if the war/sanctions ever end. Think about how many bad parts might have been fit, and how long it’s gonna take to go through these planes and inspect em. And something is bound to get missed, no matter how thorough the inspections.
The aircraft are write-offs. Thatas whybthe leasing companies dontbwant them back. Afyter the ware the russian airlines can buy the old planes scrap them and then lerase new ones. No leasing company will give them new ones with out getinfg something back.
Those aircraft will never fly in the West again. Ever.
@@peterbrooke1137 Let’s hope. But who’s to say Russia doesn’t continue using em for domestic flights, then we get to hear about it on Juan Browne’s channel……
@@stevewhite3424 That is likely. How would anybody even develop a certification program for things that might have counterfeit parts anywhere? In most cases the certification is documented by the purchase "paper" trail.
@@stevewhite3424 Ofc. not, nor will yours fly anywhere in couple of years from now.
There's a Russian Antonov 124 that's been stuck at Pearson in Toronto ever since the flight ban dropped. It's just parked near the highway and has spent a year racking-up parking fees.
By the time they're allowed to come pick it up, we'll have to ship it back by sea lol
@@thundercactusand we’re unlikely to ever get the money for the parking from Russia.
@@HekateMGO Russia will never pay a dime. They're such a trash country
@@thundercactus Wonder if they let someone rent it out for a joyride around the city.
@@HekateMGO Yep it was a force majeure after all. The owner is not responsible for a NOTAM issued by the CAA.
I'm not surprised that the Leasing companies have given up on those jets. With an obvious decline in parts/maintenance standards, these things are full of potential timebombs and there's no way they'd ever find them all.
Didn't the Russian carriers pretty quickly tried to make deals with leasing companies because they thought the war would be over quick and didn't wanna be in bad standing?
@@5bagsofpopcorn They may well have tried, but then the sanctions started to bite, Russian carriers were banned near everywhere and so... yeah, we are where we are now.
Well if you cancelling and publically saing you dont buisness with company you work, dont expect them giving back your stuff, at least firstly take your things and then shittalking. And also west banned all russian airplanes in their airspace, so if leasing companies even had planes they just couldnt fly them back.
@@justgame2924 dude, don’t mistake hassling in jail with adult people business. You can’t steal someone’s stuff cause you was offended by them not supporting russian terrorism. There are agreements and leasing rules. You have a logic of the guy from ghetto
Untrustworthy parts in a machine as stringently regulated as a transport aircraft is very much like persistent poisons are to us. For obvious reasons, there is never a list of compromised parts, so they remain in there until something causes them to be replaced. That "something" is often going to be an incident.
Once the process of installing unapproved parts begins it is very unlikely the aircraft will ever be certifiably fit for service.
I work in the aircraft maintenance industry and even if you buy parts from directly from the manufacturer, you still need to be careful. We had some part a couple years ago that came straight from GE that had no certifications, looked odd. After an investigation, another customer had bought the part, switched it and sent it back to GE for refund, GE put it back in stock and resold it. Always check twice!
I hope heads rolled at both GE and the other customer for that one…
All sorts of things happen in maintenance.
A Technician was telling me about the maintenance cleaning of some fuel tanks on Concorde - as it was so awkward to get into a tank some Technicians chose to take a rest break in the tank and someone would squeeze a small plastic garden/patio stool into the tank so they could sit down.
On one occasion they opened the entry panel to drain the last bit of fuel to find an item of patio furniture floating.
I asked him if he reported it and he said "No way".
(It had been flying around the world like that for months/years.)
Insane
Low level impurities buildup
Wow, that's scary that they didn't report it. There's no telling the damage it could have caused over those months, the impurities from the chair could have corroded fuel pumps, etc. That 100% should have been reported ASAP.
A likely story. Doesn't pass the smell test.
@@johnsmith1474 Having seen and worked in the tanks of Concorde I can confidently day this is bull
I’ve received legit certified parts with documentation that still had defects. Obvious things like a whole bag of screws that didn’t have any threads. Lots of parts (like landing lights) are exactly the same as what can be bought at an auto parts store, but with a piece of paper included claiming they had extra inspection. Even though they charge a lot more money for this piece of paper, experience has shown me that it means very little and a close inspection still needs to be done before installation.
RIP Mriya. i witnessed her on approach in 2013. never forget that beast
The plane used to land at my city airport quite often. There were always hundreds of photos everytime it came everywhere on social media and people would gather near the airport perimiter to watch it land. Quite a spectacle it was.
It might be worth noting that *today* an AN-26 and an AN-32 flew *into* Ukraine again with their transponders on after departing from, presumably, helping disaster relief efforts in Turkey, they entered from the north western part of Romania and got perhaps 50 miles into Ukraine before tracking was lost, they seemed to be heading to Lviv
Dont need a transponder to track a plane, it only identifies what the call sign is. Any plane without transponder in Ukraine would likely be shot down.
I live in Lviv, and I can hear some turboprop air traffic here sometime. Nothing on flightradar24 of course
I flew Aeroflot between SVO-IST 2 weeks ago on a 777-300. Everything seemed exactly as normal. It can't last indefinitely, of course, and I hope the craziness will soon be over.
Me to
The "craziness" will not soon be over while the EAST and WEST battle it out for *global financial hegemony* which is the reason why Ukraine goaded Russia into it's *proxy war* on behalf of the DC war-mongers who want to kill Russia for good this time.
Many of their aircraft are surviving because they are cannibalizing other aircraft in order to keep some amount of their planes flying.
@@MentourNow same
Well done for funding a terrorist state.
The very first few seconds of the video show my home city Kharkiv, 1.8M people. About 4500 buildings were damaged so far, out of that 400-500 beyond repair. This comment isn't aviation related, but I just couldn't help it, seeing my city in ruins.
I'd like to thank Petter once again for being one of the very few from the aviation youtubers who don't stay silent about the full-scale invasion which began a year ago (invasion as such began in 2014, remember?).
I'm sorry that the US sees Ukraine as a cheap investment against Russia.
@@tavshedfjols You support Putin.
@@rtqii A weak reply from the weak minded...lol
I think Mentor Pilot stays on the topic he knows - piloting, airplanes, airlines and the industry. He also clearly states that he condemns the Russian actions.
And I commend him for staying on topic which he knows. Its strange and hard to take seriously, pilots who turned armchair generals.
@@rtqii It has nothing to do with supporting Putin. The west doesn't want peace, sad but true.
Actually, after the Partnair crash, the FAA started to search for counterfeit parts on all aircraft in the US, and they found a lot of them including in Air Force One
I'm working in Irkut and have something to say.
1. PD variant of MS-21 is already has Russian flight certificate. We're been working on that for a year since December 2021 untill end of 2022.
2. Those "non licenced parts" is basically what you heard. Some aviation companies, like Aeroflot, got manufacturer license and now can produce parts themselves.
There's no other options, so I think it's fine.
Until it isn't.
i've also heard lots about China bringing in components for aviation , not sure if that's right ?
@@Killerpixel11 And yet you hate Russia and Russians, so why do the likes of you care if a domestic Russian flight crashes, hm?
@@Homcomru chill dude, he didn't say anything provocative.
@@JGnLAU8OAWF6 I’d disagree. If anything, virtue signalling towards Russia with the “Oh, no! Your planes will crash!” is probably one sinister, insidious and heinous things people do. If you advocate for sanctions aimed to make people poor and not have enough food, you shouldn’t at the same time pity the Russian aviation sphere.
You forgot to mention that this problem started when the United States imposed a ban on servicing Russian civilian aircraft. Why was this done? To make civilians suffer?
No. We need to stop every stream of income for Russia that enables Putin to continue his genocide
Haha, don't you remember, ruzzian troll, which country started unjustified and genocidal war in Ukraine 9 years ago?
There's a few stories from the "bad old days" before 1991. One such is the "Friday" machine - anything mechanical constructed on a Friday, when workers are tired and they generally need to meet production targets. If you're far enough behind then it's simply easier to hammer in a screw than to tighten it. And not just your washing machine, should you be lucky enough to get one, but vehicles. With an engineering history like this, it doesn't make me hopeful for present-day maintenance.
This was so prevalent in the entire eastern block. There's this famous fact from my country when a particular car would rust at the connection points when roof meets the pillars. But it wouldn't rust uniformly. Sometimes the entire left side would rust. Sometimes the right side. Sometimes both sides. This happened because there were two people on the production line welding it together and one or both would be completely wasted drunk and the plant managers didn't care at all.
@@Matticitt The Ladˇa that would fall apart as you drove it :D
There were similar problems at GM's Fremont Assembly Plant in California. From Wikipedia: "By the early 1980s, the adversarial relationship [between workers and factory supervisors] had deteriorated to the point where employees drank alcohol, smoked marijuana (at the time, an illegal activity), were frequently absent (enough so that the production line couldn't be started), and even committed petty acts of sabotage such as putting 'Coke bottles inside the door panels, so they'd rattle and annoy the customer.' It was stated at times on Mondays and Fridays there weren't enough workers to start the line, so GM would often go to the bar across the street to hire workers to take their place. Employees at the Fremont plant were 'considered the worst workforce in the automobile industry in the United States,' according to a later recounting by a leader of the workers' own union, the United Auto Workers (UAW).
That sounds so familiar. I assume you have Eastern European background. It's devastating to think what Socialism really did to otherwise potent societies.
@@Jablicek ladas are notorious for their lack of comfort and unreliability of you are unlucky and got a defective part in the assembly, but they are relatively easy and simple to fix. There are still Ladas on the roads of Russia which were produced back in the 70s. Some of them have fresh paintjob, some are rusty, some are restored to a degree, but they are still running. But their safety is unsatisfactory, of course. The newer Russian Lada cars are made with Renault and they pretty much are a copy of Romanian Dachia cars. Those are not the most comfortable ones but are reliable, inexpensive (well at least before 2023) and generally no nonsense A to B everyday drivers.
Tupolov has an issue in that a good chunk of the parts come from factories based in Ukraine and Belarus, along with a lot of "western" electronics parts in the avionics and mechanical assemblies, so they are not really able to actually build now, seeing as there is a issue getting delivery. As well the "alternative" parts market also has not only fake and expired parts, but also you have the issue of version mismatches, which can be anything from a needle calibration being different, to a part that works initially, but, because the differences are subtle, you can have it either fail after a few hundred hours, or it can corrupt the data after that time, or just have edge cases that result in a non noticed failure, till it is too late.
And if you are using non-certified suppliers/manufacturers then that quite literally makes the aircraft functionally worthless if they ever want to sell them to another country. Without proper documentation of maintenance and traceability to approved manufacturers of the components, the planes are worthless and cannot be considered airworthy.
tupolev was basically a ukranian company
@@sprucemaroose how come?
@@gravitydefeater it...existed in Ukraine - as with much of Russian industry
@@sprucemaroose i mean it was never based there afaik, but if you're saying about their chain of supply, then sure.
With the way Boeing behaved with impunity (nobody went to jail or was even prosecuted) over the MCAS system in the new 737 Max, surely aviation in general is dangerous.
What's a 373?
@@shrimpflea , had a moment of number dyslexia or something, corrected it now.
So these Russian airplanes will basically be like experimental commercial jets… 😳
Safe and effective!
Yes.
Would not take a lot of "sabotage" of a few planes that would then fall out of the sky, to completely discourage Russians from flying.
@@JohnDoe-bd5sz They'll go by trains then, trains in Russia are more reliable than trains in Ohio.
@@iiii-nn1dt not only that, they're also much slower!
There are parts of Russia that is accessible only by air, so whatever happens they will be flying
As a new airman there was regularly a "can bird" (cannibalized) C-5 Galaxy in various stages of dissasembly on the flightline. These can birds would have to be brought back to flight condition within some fixed period of time to maintain certification. On one post-assembly flight I watched this plane circle for hours with a stuck, single landing gear bogey that finally retracted and then extended. The crew ran out of the plane after stopping and kissed the ground. The word later was even their most nightmarish sim rides didn't hold a candle to the number of failures they experienced on that flight.
I wouldn't want to fly an airline that used can birds.
As a former aircraft technician myself restoring cannibalised aircraft to service was a nightmare. The endless reams of paperwork, scratching heads, hand wringing ugh!
Was on a hike yesterday and heard a plane flinging over that I couldn't place. So opend a tracking app on my phone and saw it was an
Antonov An-124 from Antonov Airlines and was wondering why there was no information on that flight. Now i know why
Very interesting Peter, as always 👍
Thank you for the update! Very interesting!
Glad you enjoyed it!
I was wondering this too, last week 😄 Thanks Mentor!
The channel Military Aviation History has a really good video about the state of Russia’s current safety reality done about three weeks ago.
Yup, that CIA sponsored channel is reliable source lol, dude, fly your boing crashing junk and mind your own bussines, the majoritx of the world will do just fine (in fact better) withouz you.
Very interesting, and sounds about right, based on me watching various channels on past aircraft accidents involving parts issues, such as those you discussed.
Being able to intuitively assess the situation reasonably well (based on your assessment vs. my intuitive guesses before viewing the video) is an unexpected benefit of viewing a lot of these.
My interest had been more due to having always being a nervous flier, and getting REALLY PISSED OFF when a really stupid collection of errors / shortcuts / disregard of proper procedures by many caused flight 5191 to crash in my home city, killing a personal friend and 49 people in 8/2006 -- and then beginning to look into flight safety, airport safety, etc. (Then, for me, learning how the Gimli Glider (Air Canada flight 143 in 7/1983) was hailed as a here when he, among others blatantly let a jet airliner run out of fuel was the final straw, re reading the detailed book on the subject, "Freefall", with the subtitle "41000 feet and out of fuel", 1983 -- it was simply the last straw re wanting to know more about airliner safety).
Parts fail, unforseen weather happens, etc. That's life, which includes bad luck. But just blatant stupidity and MANY people disregarding the rules with a disregard for flight safety (as the result) -- I just have trouble accepting that.
The root cause of the only crash of a BAC/Aerospatiale Concorde was caused by a spurious part. The part in question being a metal strip fitted to the centre engine of a Douglas DC-10 operated by Continental Airlines. The part was bought by Continental in good faith and they honestly believed it to be genuine. It failed and fell off, landing on the runway at CDG as the aircraft took off. The next aircraft to take off was an Air France Concorde. On its take off run the strip of metal sliced into one of its tyres and the tyre burst apart with some pieces causing a rupture in a fuel tank leading to the crash.
This was an interesting video, Petter. Thanks.
It's quite a volatile situation. Keep Safe there Petter. Thanks!
Well, while facing shortage of mechanics russian pilots were told to carry out maintenance on their planes. Using not certified parts does not surprise me. Russia is a state of mind...
МНЕНИЕ ПШЭКА, НИ РАЗУ НЕ БЫВШЕМ В РОССИИ ОЧЕНЬ ИНТЕРЕСНО... ДАЖН СМЕШНО🤣
Are you're sure that pilots got told? Cuz we're not in Africa. We've got technicians🗿
@@user-jn2xz8rf5l КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ В АВИАСТРОЕНИИ РОССИИ И ПОЛЬШИ ПРИМЕРНО В ПРОПОРЦИИ 100:1...
GREAT WORK.
Thank you!
Excellent update and insights! Thanks Petter
Thanks for the update. It's a worrying situation for sure.
YOU HAVE BEEN FUCKED UP WITH PROPAGANDA... AND YOU, DEFINITE, AND BELIEVE....
The 124s have been showing up on ADSBExchange in the states. One flew almost overhead here in MO a couple weeks ago between Palm Beach and Seattle.
The re was similar happenings with helicopter rotor blades a number of years back, that were "dressed up" and then on sold to unsuspecting customers, overseas, I know some eventually made it to here in New Zealand...
Irish air force if you can call it that had the same thing.
Interesting topic...
As always, excellent production standard, informative, very well balanced and easy to comprehend - thank you (and also to your magnificent behind the scenes cabin crew)!
PLEASE NOTE THAT ALL EXAMPLES OF ACCIDENTS REFER TO WESTERN AVIATION AND INCOMPETENCE OF WESTERN TECHNICIANS...
There is also Chinese COMAC they already have joint projects.
the problem of alternative sources for parts and equipment has also been exposed in the oil drilling industry , this sort of thing is everywhere
A huge pipelaying barge I used to work on, the Semac 1, had four huge cranes on it, "maintained" with all sorts of random parts. One of those cranes had numerous uncontrolled free-falls of the boom and spool.
It was bloody scary working under and around them. We had some very near misses and damage
I really enjoy your videos. You do an incredible job of making it seem like you’re talking directly to me. It makes watching very enjoyable. Thank you.
I work in commercial aircraft parts sales and deal with simple parts and thinking about future problems that this can create is making my head spin with anxiety. We do absolutely everything we can to make sure every part is approved but there are so many variables to make a seemingly small thing into a big thing.
Man i miss seeing antonov an 225 flying in the air, now it's only a piece of history
It can be rebuilt, once the war is over. There was a second, unfinished aircraft after all. And even if that fails? Original design documents still exist, surely. It may take a decade, but an an225, will fly again.
YOU SHOULD KNOW THAT AN-225, RUSSIAN DESIGNER OLEG ANTONOV WAS DESTROYED (LIKE ALL OTHER AIRCRAFT ON THE AIRFIELD IN GOSTOMEL) BY ARTELERY FIRE OF UKRAINIAN NATIONALISTS ... THUS, THE UKRAINIAN AIRCRAFT WAS LIQUIDATED ...
@@Destroyer_V0 NAIVE DREAMER)))
Hah. No.
It is you who is the misinformed fool. Everything in your other comment was incorrect, and can be proven as such with video evidence. Viktor Tolmachev is the main credited designer for antonov's aircraft, who died in 2018, not olga antonov.
Aaaand you seem to also forget that it is a pledge made by the current ukrainian goverment to rebuild the plane, from scratch if need be, once the war is over. Let alone the antonov company loosing it's only aircraft capable of super heavy freight, and likely wanting to have that asset back. When this war ends, and russia is forced from ukrainian teritory
(Because at this point, it is either a matter of time, or the world ends because someone throws a temper tantrum)
But I have already spent enough time on your bullshit.
@@Destroyer_V0 НАИВНЫЙ НАЦИСТ... НОВОРОССИЯ И МАЛОРОССИЯ БУДУТ ОСВОБОЖДЕНЫ ОТ БАНДЕРОВСКИХ НАЦИСТОВ... НУ А ТАКИЕ ИДИОТЫ, ВРОДЕ ТЕБЯ ОБРЕЧЕНЫ БАТРАЧИТЬ В ЦЭЭУРОПЕ...
Rosaviation allows to use not any non original spare parts, but only parts that are sertified and approved by Russian authorities. Something like a FAA PMA program. How that approval will be conducted, that's another question.
Very interesting and informative video as always! You are definitely the leading aviation voice on CZcams
Your range of coverage and research absolutely astounds me. When do you have time for your family ?
Anyway , I am very grateful for you!
Please keep up the good work but, do rest in between 😴
I can see it now, Alibaba offering a full line of Boeing and AIrbus "replacement" parts
One effect I have seen from Romania is the amount of traffic in the sky now the flight paths over Ukraine are closed. Everything heading to the Middle East comes over now as well as many other routes - at one point I could see 12 planes in the sky, 5 in one direction and 7 in the other. There are also a lot of other planes which do not appear on flight tracking apps, and let's just say these are not commercial aircraft, and their purpose is obvious.
Awesome! Hope one day we'll have equal high amount of civil traffic in UA and RO :)
This video was excellently made and very informative!
Great discussion!
Thank you! I hope you found some new info in it.
It's back to the future. Once upon a time when I was young Areoflot was the scary airline, with the planes made in the USSR that crashed. I guess that is the future we face. Airbus and Boeing will need to start advertising that flying their products in Russia is risky.
How do you think that would get past censorship? Russia is teaching that Ukraine was never an independant country, and never mentions that Stalin was on Hitlers side for two years, invaded Poland and executed the entire Polish officer class. An advertisment would never get aired.
@@adriandaw3451 Russia has much less censored internet than west does. I can access this video freely. Imagine how long "pro Russian" position in the internet stays, especially in English.
While transportation sector remains important for Russia, I think financial resources will mostly be dedicated to the war effort, thus civil aviation issues in Russia will jump to the rear seat.
That’s very likely. Yes
Nonsense, only ppl who know nothing about Rusdia could say that. They hardky are using their resources for the US/EU created war in Ukraine, it is the latter who cant keep up due to the invomoetence and overinflated self image.
Just how broke do you think Russia is?
Actually Russia doing very nicely despite the US destruction of the NordStream pipelines. The economy has contracted alot less than that expected. Can you provide evidence that the civil aviation industry has or will willing cut costs on civilian planes?
@@Max_Da_G
I did not say whether Russia is broke or not. It is common sense, when any country is at war its resources would be directed to the war effort and other issues take a secondary priority.
Given that this is a second Mentour channel, hitting nearly 200k subs, you've done pretty good!!
👍 👍 👍
Peter: "So is there any good news for the Russian aviation industry?"
To quote another CZcamsr: "This is Slavic history and happy endings are banned."
As usual a video packed with relevant information presented in an entertaining and professional way.Thank you.Roly🇬🇧.
as usual only western sources used in making those video)))
With Russia, there are different ways it is working around the sanctions in general and aviation:
1. Parallel import - for all the companies that left Russia and banned their products from sales in Russia, airlines buy spare parts through other countries and companies. It is more expensive, but it works most of the time.
2. Импортозамещение - translates as "import-replacement". This was introduced back in 2014, when Russia annexed Crimea and was hit with first sanctions. What it does is basically reverse engineer products that are sanctioned in Russia and make them locally. The quality is bad in the beginning of the process, but it gets better with time. Don't know how it works with aircraft spare parts, but it works with other high tech equipment, so there is that.
3. Development of own aircraft - the sanctions gave a huge boost to locally developed aircraft such as Sukhoi Super Jet and МС-21. Especially the MC-21 since more of its components were built when the first sanctions were introduced in 2014. Changing the whole fleet to these and future models of Russian aircraft is not going to happen overnight, but do not underestimate the Russian resolve. After all, the USSR was the country with the biggest domestic fleet couple of times during the 20th century and Russia has all the resources to pull off a completely localized aircraft fleet.
What we are witnessing right now is basically the end of globalization as we know it. It does not matter what the media says, Russia has a huge scientific and industrial potential and it can bring some interesting new aircraft to the table now that it is forced to do so.
Yeah-yeah-yeah, russians huge potential. Nice joke :) You cant do a thing, all your stuff is exceptionaly poorely copied from western originals. No need to spread your propaganda here.
No it doesn't
Mentour and similar, excuse my language, idiots cant compute the fact that others can do, and actuslky do better than the "west". This is why you are wasting time commenting here, Russia will do just fine, he (Mentour) is actually the one screwed without future in this whole deal.
He can thank Biden and "democrats" (white supremacists), for that. But given he shares their view (knowinglly or not), he does not deserve better regardless.
@@Kaarna5 Go play COD..., let the grown up talk.
Import-replacement isn't a viable solution for aircraft parts, because those replacement parts aren't certified. The planes using those parts may or may not crash, we don't know, but they'll probably never fly outside of Russian airspace again.
It's really difficult to build a plane using only domestic parts, though Russia is certainly trying now. And even if they succeed, they'll still need international certification before those Russian-only planes are allowed to fly outside of Russia.
The entire aviation world is based on international cooperation, and Russia has broken the rules in a big way. That's going to be difficult and expensive to fix, even when the war's over and it's Russia and the rest of the world working together to fix it.
A great and infomative video Petter. As the video is safety focused surely the engineer on her back tightening bolts under the aircraft should have been wearing eye protection! Keep up the fantastic work.
PLEASE NOTE THAT ALL EXAMPLES OF ACCIDENTS REFER TO WESTERN AVIATION AND INCOMPETENCE OF WESTERN TECHNICIANS...
I flew around the DPRK when I was there a few years ago...I once saw the ground staff painting the tyres black just before we took off...
One other knock-on is that the loss of internal flights puts the load on the rail network, primarily the Trans-Siberia line, which makes internal discipline and defence highly problematic. China's fingers must be getting very itchy, with their eyes on Russia's Far East. The road network's virtually none-existent (single-lane each way) and it takes 10-11 days by rail Vladivostok-Moscow.
Additionally China has older claims regarding Russian territories.
@@rolandl.4062 The Han Chinese breakup of the Goth homeland c400CE, for instance, setting the Visigoths on the path to sacking Rome and establishing Catalonia, either side of the eastern end of the Pyrennees, still a problem to this day to those of a geographical rather than a clan definition of Nationality.
@@JelMain so we will never get rid of the „Heim ins Reich“ philosophy
@@rolandl.4062 No, the team I was part of won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2012, partly for deprogramming West Germany. Loyola said, "Give me the child of 7, and I will give you the man", because the world model a child experiences between 7 and 8 becomes an element of his persona, which fixes at that age. You have to wait until the population with the the normalisation of Communism in their psyches ages and is supplanted by younger citizens raised in a more liberal culture, two generations, the adults doing the damage and their children. The Communist version is Caedete Omnes, first espoused by the Catholic Church during the Albigensian Crusade. Kill them all, God will know his own. Last pronounced last week on the Russian hotheads TV Channel. It's called genocide. The problems we have with Germany not realising that this time, Russian Communism must be finished is because the likes of Merkel have it as a cornerstone of their psyche, it's a personal attack on their identity to suggest it.
The thing we missed is that East Germany did not deprogram them, but the Prussian Nazis have discovered they're a caricature and stand no chance. We're 30 years into that deprogramming, anyway, and in 20 years time will be a curiosity. We'll have to do the same with what remains of Russia.
No, China eye is on taiwan, and china number one ennemi is USA. They will not attack Russia because Russia has nuclear bomb.
Note, the SSJ-100 airframe to what I read and understood is already ready and fully Russified its just waiting for the PD-8 engines now which have already began flight testing on the IL-76LL recently, and is expected to begin flight testing and certification on the SSJ by the end of this year.
Whatever happenes in the world, again and over again just ordinary people suffer the most. USA & EU imposed sanctions on Russia, but those mostly affect people who has nothing to do with current situation and almost zero impact on Russian officials-they fly Russian airplanes or private jets. That’s it.
STARTING TO GET DANGEROUS? Aeroflot has always been a hot mess.
You don't need every time to say "aviadvigatel", it is not the part of its naming, it is just "aviation engine" ;)
My last "flight" in a full flight simulator by Lufthansa was in 2017 in Berlin. Aeroflot pilots were also trained there. But I have no idea what's going on now.
Aeroflot do not have flight simulator
Might as well go back to the Soviet days of trial and error I guess.
There are simulators in Russia, major airlines have their own sims. Maybe they were training for some less common models in Berlin?
@@Cenentury0941 I remember when the Soviet's managed to manufacture the De Havilland Comet and it crashed a couple of times. I well recall a Soviet Trial and Error investigation at Farnborough which determined that the Soviet Aircraft industry was dodgy as f#ck! The British Aviation Industry, on the other hand, was as safe as houses. Bigot!
@@MrPaukann Didn't you know Aerovlot are still flying on ME109s, FW190s, Junkers 88s and Heinkels? And the only simulators are in Berlin
As suspected, if those stolen aircraft are ever recovered, they are scrap.
Thank you for your video.
It's crazy with the war.
It makes sense but still surprising to learn something as simple as bolts can cause catastrophic failures.
I think the worst part about this entire conversation is the way russia will tell absurd lies or even try to hide incidents if it will make them look bad. We will never know for sure if Russian aviation is actually safe because of their inability to be objective about important issues.
Seems absurd but sometimes there's like only 3 bolts holding the entire engine to the wing. They have to be perfect otherwise they'll just fail.
Nothing new. This has been going on for close to 70 years with everything in CCCP.
RUSSIA IN AVIATION IS 100 YEARS AND IN COMPETENCE IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO DOUBTE - WE WILL SURVIVE WITHOUT THE NAZIS OF THE WEST !!!
@@user-kw4jw4jd2o 😂
@@Matticitt THE PSHETSKIY HONOR WILL NOT BE ABLE TO COUNTER THE COMPETENCES IN AVIATION AND ROCKET PRODUCTION IN RUSSIA... THE RATIO IS APPROXIMATELY 100:1... AND SOMEWHERE AND 1000:1🤣
Unfortunately, I can almost assure you that "non-original spare parts' is exactly what they implied. I myself, unfortunately, was raised in Russia, so trust my word, if they say something like that, they mean "knock-off parts" be those reverse-engineered units manufactured locally with possible manufacturing process deviations (essentially, AAA-class parts) or just Chinese replicas that may be even worse. They take chances where you can not afford them. People's lives are at stake. Too bad, Russia doesn't care about people.
Isn't that just like everything back in soviet union; planes were still flying back then :)
Coming from places where affirmative action applies to pilots and human error is the leading cause of accident thats humourous. As for airline parts already 25% of the globe's parts come from china as is.
Isent that the “ so it be “ attitude that prevails outside the west
In their defense: what choice do Russian airlines have?
Too bad, US doesn't care if innocent civilians are indiscriminately put at risk neither
Petter, I've discovered something important about this channel.
I enjoy your story telling and I enjoy sitting & watching you tell it to me. Here's the thing, though: I've found that the use of stock footage that has nothing to do with the context is frankly distracting. I tried blanking the screen & just listening to you. It was much more enjoyable to sink my teeth into your story than to watch starving actors playing bit parts. This is how I'm going to continue enjoying your channel. Thank you for the content - I'm a huge aviation enthusiast who missed his calling 🙂
At 2:33 there's a slight mislabeling, The border has been pinpointed to the city of Lviv, whereas its airport to the border itself, with no infrastructure in that area.
Great coverage and discussion as always 🙏🏿
PLEASE NOTE THAT ALL EXAMPLES OF ACCIDENTS REFER TO WESTERN AVIATION AND INCOMPETENCE OF WESTERN TECHNICIANS...
I had an antonov or other 6 engine aircraft flying high over my village in germany 1 week ago. it was unusually loud and had 6 contrails (maybe it was a military plane)
mriya got shot down so it can’t be her
Simple. We should all be voting with our feet and our money. Do not visit or trade with any repressive regieme. And only get one of their planes if you are tired of life.
“Pssst, hey buddy,”
*opens bag*
“You wanna buy some airplane parts?”
Thank you Petter, that was most interesting. On another topic; have you seen Blancolirio vlog on the Nepal ATR 72 Crash Preliminary Report 17 Feb 2023? I would be very interested in your thoughts on the ergonomics side of things, as well as your thoughts on the check Captain switching seats. Thanks.
I will cover that accidents when I have all the facts.
That was quite the eye opener !
@@MentourNow Many thanks
Bah! Any farmer knows that random rusty bolts and nuts, baling wire, duct tape, and a few blobs of arc weld will keep anything running! Seriously, though... pretty scary stuff! Great video, as usual. Cheers!
Do farmers have that same attitude with their crop dusters?
Did you see a modern tracktor recently? Those vehicles are computers on wheels which almost can work without human intervention, keeping track of their location by way of GPS signal. No duct tape anymore. :))) In a similar fashion - but on a greater scale - airplanes are incredibly sophisticated these days.
forgot the trusty old "cable tie"...fixes nearly everything...
@@Chronograph71 Indeed. Many new tractors are scary complicated/sophisticated!
Yeah but how many farms can afford to buy these things?
I have experienced all those parts issues on my cars over the years. I now only use parts from certain parts makers. Second hand genuine parts are a better option than unknown parts however one has to check carefully that its indeed the same. Many parts may look the same but be totally different in underlying design and materials.
thank you for your work
Very informative
One thing that I was wondering about, but was not being mentioned, was whether the Russian aircraft manufacturing sector did not already have its hands full trying to supply the increasing demands for military aircraft, and how this would impact (at least in the short term) on available resources to support the civilian market?
Hard to know but you have a point.
as far as I understood, there might have been increasing demands but to no real avail or use. On a general note: Russia has not started a "war economy" or even ramped up of production (but my source is talkshow hosts complaining on Russian state television why "the leadership" did not ramp up production). It's pretty evident that they are still running on very outdated stocks and low supplies for e-ver-y-thing.
On a more military note: Russia faces two problems. The first one is that there are no well coordinated efforts between air, land, sea units. Land troops trying to assault or push through are not backed at all by air force. If they do have some backing, it's from land artillery. To put it frankly: Russia does not have air superiority in that sense (all shelling and bombing is accomplished via missiles fired from land or sea). The second is that Russia's air-defence is very weary and hesitant to fly because the chance of them being shot down is pretty high. This has been the case since at least spring last year and I assume that with the delivery of better weapon systems to UKR, this has only increased significantly. On a more cynical note, this is where the "what airdefence doing?" meme comes from. On an even more cynical note: why need air force in the first place? Russia has claimed to have destroyed the full UKR airforce at least 25 by now…
The biggest problem will be the total loss of confidence in the safety of all Russian aircraft wanting to return to serve international connections probably many years from now after a possible end of the war. It will be impossible to sort out all the fake parts that were officially certified by Russian entities with the possible intention of not leaving a documented trace.
Russian fleet does fly interbationally you ifiot. US/EU jardly make 1/5 of the world, they are next to irrelevant for Russia
Russians won't even try to sell them to the western market or anyone else for that matter. They'll be turned into scrap metal after they are no longer airworthy. All western aircraft in Russian possession.
Also given that "enlightened" and "saint and just" west had promised not to remove sanctions after war ends, Russia won't be certifying anything in Europe or US. But it may well figure out an arrangement with Latin American, African and Asian states regarding that as far as Russian-designed and certified aircraft are concerned.
@@Max_Da_G I advice to research the ICAO ( certified by 193 countries) regulations,another hurdle to your proposal would be set up by insurance companies, but only time will tell how all of this will play out and who will benefit and who will not.
I think those planes are basically scrap as soon as the war is over. I don't think there's any realistic way to re-certify them now.
@@dipling.pitzler7650 Nothing stops Russians creating own insurance companies, state-run or otherwise. Also nothing stops Russians getting the required norms and making an aircraft fit them. Whether it gets the approval from the organization itself or not, it can still be designed to fit the norms.
A lot of people in western countries fail to see one giant elephant in the room: nations in Latin America, Africa, Middle East and Asia aren't blind and can clearly see that western-run organizations had obviously been subverted by political establishment and the obvious lack of ANY integrity by the western-domintated governing bodies GUARANTEED loses trust of other nations in those bodies. So you are right: there will be a LOT of figuring out by MANY nations what to do.
Nice work
Very informative Petter.
"If it fits, it ships"... 😱
It was interesting to see the AN-124 shots early in your video. I once flew from SFO to Ekaterinburg via Khabarovsk on RA-82014 and am wondering how "my" bird has survived the conflict. Thanks for the great work you do in keeping us appraised of "all things aviation!"
SFO? San Francisco?
@@davorbrlek-vk1rv Yes, San Francisco. I worked for the Gorbachev Foundation USA, and we took a plane load of Humanitarian Aid to Russia. As an interesting side note, we received several boxes of medical equipment from a San Francisco hospital that had these words written on the boxes: "Broken, send to Russia." Needless to say, we threw those boxes in the trash!
@@CdA_Native Woah. That was incredible experience.
Finally a video relative to my focus at the moment
Very well-made and informative video as always, Mentour! As I commented on the last video, I feel that sanctions designed to make civil aviation more dangerous are inappropriate and quite worrying, regardless of any political considerations.
You might be right there
Illegal US embargoes have included MEDICAL supplies and equipment. NATO and the warmongering West make the planet more unsafe, not safer, so it's no surprise that they are now doing this to the aviation industry too
в общем то всё правильно Питер сказал, мы в жопе, и добавить нечего, никто не хотел строить самолеты, развивать страну, в итоге страна в полной изоляции. Питер! спасибо за видео и привет из СПб )
Thank you for your comment and I really hope all this stops soon.
Why do you call it like that?
Не Мы а Ты )
Зайка, не базарь за всех. В опе только ты.
Ну мы-то точно знаем, кто не хотел строить самолёты и развивать страну. Компрадоры, бежавшие из страны предатели, противники СВО. «Либералы». Враги. Текущая ситуация прекрасно показывает, кто есть кто.
Russian here, Usually when they tell non-genie part it mean it’s just original part bought in circumvention of sanctions though Saudi Arabia etc.
This is pure propaganda, dont trust the "west", i assume you know better, but just in case.
They are trying (and failing) as many times in history to destroy Russia, i realky hope Russia will end this once and for all, fix the mistake of WW2, and destroy them, world would be much better place.
They don't care about human life: "Life is highly overrated. Why fear what is inevitable? Especially when we’re going to heaven. Death is the end of one earthly path and the beginning of another.... "
Vladimir Solovyov
I have a feeling ANY aircraft used or owned by Russia has a fate of never being able to fly again legally in ANY other country. Those plane are ALL lost to Mother Russia.
I love your channel, appreciate all your comprehensive videos and understand your mission with this channel. But unfortunateley the world has changed since Feb. last year and if passenger plane with 250 souls go down it's no more than statistics in that country because they lose approx 750 people a day in special operation. It's very hard to accept this but unfortunately it's reality.
Don't do as I say, do as I do: Vladimir Putin's stopped travelling by air, he now moves by train. The official reason is his jet's too easily traceable and could be shot down: however, exactly the same thing can be said of his armoured train, which, although painted in the normal train colours, is so heavy it needs three locos to haul.
Took you long to make up that bullshit story? Or did you hear it from an exclusive unnamed secret source from British BSing Corporation or Smellingcat?
That’s INSANE about these shady parts.. wow
As an avionics tech I can understand ordering part "A" and getting part "B" and maybe you don't notice the difference until you go to install the part. But you have to calibrate and ops check it. What kind of manufacture would send a fuel gauge without a calibration option.