Sympathetic Nervous System (Scheme, Ganglion, Plexus) | Neuroanatomy
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- čas přidán 9. 07. 2024
- Content:
Introduction 0:00
Ganglion and Nucleus 01:41
Paravertebral and Prevertebral Ganglia 02:13
Neurotransmitters 03:25
Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons 06:22
Sympathetic Postganglionic Neurons 07:45
General Structures Summary 08:25
Sympathetic Trunk 09:17
Innervation of Head/Neck/Thorax 10:50
Innervation of Abdominal Viscera 18:48
Autonomic Plexuses 25:50
Quiz 27:15
Sympathetic Nervous System; A system of fight or flight, that increases energy expenditure and catabolism. It increases heart rate and myocardial contractility, dilates bronchi, increases blood pressure and indirectly increases blood glucose and lipid levels.
It's a part of the autonomic nervous system, which is under the motor division of peripheral nervous system.
General Structures and terms:
- Group of cell bodies in CNS - Nucleus
- Group of cell bodies outside CNS - Ganglion
- Paravertebral ganglia
- Prevertebral ganglia
- Presynaptic neuron is a cholinergic neuron (Ach binds to nicotinic receptors, allowing an influx of cations)
- Postganglionic neurons are primarily adrenergic neurons (norepinephrine and epinephrine binds to adrenergic receptors, activating g-protein)
Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons:
- Arise from intermediolateral nuclei (C8/T1-L2/L3)
- White rami communicantes (rami communicantes albi) myelinated axons from the intermediolateral nucleus that enter the sympathetic trunk. Then:
○ May terminate in the sympathetic ganglion at the same level
○ May travel up or down the sympathetic trunk to terminate in ganglia at a higher or lower level
○ May leave the sympathetic trunk to terminate in a peripheral ganglion
Sympathetic Postganglionic neurons:
- Grey rami communicantes (rami communicantes grisei)
○ Join spinal nerves and innervate cutaneous glands and erector pili muscle.
- Vascular branches
○ Travel with arteries to provide sympathetic innervation of organs and limbs
- Visceral branches and splanchnic nerves (rami viscerales, nervi splanchnici)
○ travel towards the organs
Sympathetic Trunk:
- Cervical ganglia (ganglia cervicalia)
○ Superior cervical ganglion
○ Middle cervical ganglion
○ Inferior cervical ganglion aka Cervicothoracic, stellate ganglion
- Thoracic ganglia (ganglia thoracica)
- Lumbar ganglia (ganglia lumbalia)
- Sacral ganglia (ganglia sacralia)
- Coccygeal ganglia, often fused to form ganglion impar (unpaired).
Innervation of Head, Neck and Thorax:
- Superior Cervical postganglionic fibers:
○ Grey rami communicans join the first 4 cervical nerves
○ Internal carotid nerve (nervus caroticus internus)
○ External carotid nerves (nervi carotici externi)
○ Laryngopharyngeal branches (rami laryngopharyngei)
○ Superior cervical cardiac nerve (nervus cardiacus cervicalis superior)
- Middle cervical postganglionic fibers:
○ Grey rami communicans join 5th and 6th cervical nerves
○ Visceral branches (rami viscerales)
○ Middle cervical cardiac nerve (nervus cardiacus cervicalis medius)
- Inferior cervical postganglionic fibers
○ Grey rami communicans join C7, C8 and T1
○ Vertebral nerve (nervus vertebralis)
○ Inferior cervical cardiac nerve (nervus cardiacus cervicalis inferior)
- Thoracic ganglia
○ Gray rami communicans join intercostal nerves
○ Thoracic cardiac nerves (nervi cardiaci thoracici) form Cardiac plexus to increase contractility and heart rate
○ Pulmonary branches (rami pulmonales) form pulmonary plexus to cause bronchodilation
○ Oesophageal branches (rami oesophagei) form esophageal plexus to decrease peristalsis
Innervation of abdomen and pelvis:
- Preganglionic fibers go towards prevertebral ganglia
○ Greater splanchnic nerve (nervus splanchnicus major) travel towards celiac ganglia (ganglion ciliare), postganglionic fibers go through plexuses and reach proximal organs in abdomen
○ Preganglionic fibers of greater splanchnic nerve go directly to renal medulla
○ Lesser splanchnic nerve (nervus splanchnicus minor) towards superior mesenteric ganglion for the duodenum, small intestine, large intestine until proximal 2/3.
○ Least splanchnic nerve (nervus splanchnicus imus) go towards the aorticorenal ganglion then towards the kidneys and the ureter
○ Lumbar splanchnic nerves (nervi splanchnici lumbales) go towards the inferior mesenteric ganglia, then towards rest of large intestine, urinary bladder and genitalia
○ Sacral splanchnic nerves (nervi splanchnici sacrales)
Sources:
- Singh, I. (2017). Human neuroanatomy (10th ed)
- Kozlowski, T. (2017). Memorix Anatomy 2nd ed
- Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (42th ed.)
- Sinnatamby, Chummy S. (2011). Last's Anatomy (12th ed.)
- Yan FL, Zhang JH. Role of the sympathetic nervous system and spleen in experimental stroke-induced immunodepression
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Just finished my anatomy finals yesterday, I really have no clue how I would've passed em without your videos. Forever grateful, you're such a life saver. 🙏♥️😭
So happy to hear I was able to help! Congratulations, all your hard work payed off🥳 Hope the rest of your exams go as smoothy aswell!
One of the greatest explanations about parasym.... system ever . you coverd almost every aspect of it tnx so much . support from afghanistan
You always simplify these topics and make them so easy to understand 🔥Your're a gem for all students
Truly incredible how my confusion between preganglion, paraverteberal, and prevertebral ganglion is wiped away in the first 5 mins of the video! thank you!!
30 minutes of video 😅
Extraordinary video.Difficult to find such a complete and correct summary. Thank you.
Perfeccctttt 😍😍 need this
الله يزيدك ويفتح عليك كما فتحت عيوننا بهل موضوع ياخي كنت مره متلخبط بس انت جمعت كل معلومات الي كانت محيرتني مشكور عل جهد
thx was waiting fro this
Love you brother ❤. You really are hard working man.
Thanks bro 💯Your the best
Love u, since i have watch u, u teach me a lot ❤
Thank u sm you are a life savior! Also I am waiting for ur explanation of parasympathetic nervous system and sensory organs, I have a final test in 2 days and I don’t understand anybody’s explanation expect yours,please try to make it asap, appreciate it ❤️🫠
You're welcome! I won't be able to upload the parasympathetic before sunday in 2 weeks unfortunately due to my personal workload. I'm sure you'll do great in the exam either way! 💪
I really understand the concept sir
This was amazing, thank you
Glad it helped!😊
you are really excellent ❤
Superb
your the best
I'm about to have anatomy exam on 30th of January and you're literally saving my ass. Thank you very much!
Happy I can help! All the best with your upcoming exam 💪
12:23. im confused because isnt the otic ganglion associated with parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland, not the eye?
I think it's the best
TNX for that
Happy it helped!
14:38 did he mean something else or (decreasing the mucus production ) is right?
Thanks!!!! But i would like to clarify, coz according to my book(which is kinda old,Moore's 7th ed) thyroid are from the 3 cervical ganglia Superior, Middle and Inferior. Tru Cardiac and Superior and Inferior periatrial plexuses. can you conform this?thank you.
Hello! 😊I tried to emphasize it in the video, but information can vary between sources and editions. While I aimed to provide a general overview of the SNS, the sympathetic trunks specific anatomy varies between the population and therefore I can't deny nor confirm any sources. If you're studying by Moore's, stick to that information to avoid the ''headache'' of these variations. Moore's is a solid resource. Best of luck with your studies!💪
@@TaimTalksMedThank you sir! your video just came in the right moment for me. I Appreciate the illustrations very comprehensive! Wishing the best for your channel!
❤❤❤
Please upload topanatomy 😢
🙏🙏👍