Mechanism of Breathing, Animation
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- čas přidán 19. 02. 2018
- (USMLE topics) Physiology of breathing (pulmonary ventilation): air pressure basics, inspiration and expiration cycle, deep breathing, resistance to airflow, lung compliance, elasticity.
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Voice by: Ashley Ottesen
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Pulmonary ventilation, commonly referred to as breathing, is the process of air flowing IN and OUT of the lungs during INspiration and EXpiration. The air movements are governed by the principles of gas laws. Basically:
- air flows from HIGHER to LOWER pressure;
- pressure within a cavity INcreases when its volume DEcreases, and vice versa;
- volume of a given amount of gas INcreases with INcreased temperature.
At rest, in between breaths, the pressure inside the lungs, or intrapulmonary pressure, EQUALS the pressure outside the body, or atmospheric pressure. When discussing respiratory pressures, this is generally referred to as a RELATIVE pressure of ZERO. This is because what matters is the DIFFERENCE between the two pressures, NOT their absolute values. Thus, a NEGATIVE pressure is a pressure BELOW atmospheric, while a POSITIVE pressure is ABOVE atmospheric.
The lungs are covered in a double-layer membrane, which forms a THIN space surrounding the lungs, called the PLEURAL cavity. The pressure within the pleural cavity, or intrapleural pressure, is normally negative. This negative pressure acts like a SUCTION to keep the lungs inflated. If this becomes zero, such as in the case of pneumothorax, when the chest wall is punctured and the pleural cavity has the same pressure as the outside air, the lung would COLLAPSE.
Pulmonary ventilation is achieved by rhythmically changing the volume of the thoracic cavity. During inspiration, the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles contract, expanding the thoracic cavity and the lungs. This INcrease in volume results in a DEcrease in pressure, causing outside air to flow IN. Another factor that helps to inflate the lungs is the warming of the inhaled air. This effect is most notable on a cool day, when the temperature outside is significantly lower, the inhaled air INcreases in volume as it warms up inside the body and inflates the lungs, FURTHER facilitating inhalation.
While inspiration requires muscular contraction and hence energy expenditure, expiration during quiet breathing is a PASSIVE process. As the diaphragm returns to its original position and the muscles relax, thoracic and lung volumes DEcrease and pressures INcrease, pushing air OUT of the lungs. Quiet expiration relies therefore on the ELASTICITY of the lungs and rib cage - their ability to SPRING BACK to the original dimensions. Conditions that REDUCE pulmonary elasticity, such as emphysema, can cause difficulty EXhaling.
Deep breathing requires more forceful contractions of the diaphragm, intercostal muscles, and involves ADDITIONAL muscles to produce LARGER changes in the thoracic volume. DEEP expiration, unlike quiet expiration, is an active process.
Another factor that affects ventilation is the RESISTANCE to airflow, which exists within the lung tissues and in the airways. Lung COMPLIANCE refers to the EASE with which the lungs EXPAND. Healthy lungs normally have HIGH compliance, LOW resistance, like a THIN balloon, easy to inflate. Lung compliance is REDUCED when the lungs become “STIFF”, in conditions that cause scarring of lung tissues, or fibrosis. In this case the lung turns into a THICK balloon, harder to inflate.
Diseases that NARROW the airways, such as asthma, INcrease resistance, making it harder to breathe. The airways may also DILATE or CONSTRICT in response to various factors. For example, parasympathetic stimulation and histamine typically narrow the bronchioles, INcrease resistance and DEcrease airflow; while epinephrine, a hormone released during exercises, dilates bronchioles and thereby INcreases airflow.
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Simple & direct (without a lot of superfluous fluff) & thorough. Perfect for students. Thank you.
I am an RT, this video is well done. Thanks
Breathes heavily while watching this hahahaha
I love like ugali
😂😂
thanks for making this video, it helps me in my learning activities
Thank you
Thanks.You guys always make my day😗😗😗
Excellent, as usual.
Amazing explanation :) keep it up
اقوي فيديوا في التاريخ
شكرا جدا ❤
Thanks a lot... Well explained.
Excellent ! Thank you
very helpful. thanks!
Thankyou. This is a very nice depiction.
Very educated video about the science of the life!
Amazing that so many of these respiration teaching videos show breathing as if the whole process happens from the diaphragm up! It's barely 50% of what happens in the body with healthy breathing.
It is awesome and really helpful
Wow!!!! nice illustration...keep it up
Thank you for your nice videos
awesome
Yes the video is nice and I like the explanation
I feel breathing become difficult after watching that 😂👍
Nice animation.
A great video
Alila exportin nothin but straight fire
Nice illustration......
Thanks
very nice video
I love your channel. A huge thank you
You are very welcome!
Can I ask, how diaphragm is moving downward while inhaling in , while it’s actually moving upward and become closer to the lungs?, or does it have a special way of moving up and down?
@@Alilamedicalmedia
It helped me to understand in a better way.
Can I ask, how diaphragm is moving downward while inhaling in , while it’s actually moving upward and become closer to the lungs?, or does it have a special way of moving up and down?
Kamaal hai thank you soo much
wow thanks
Good
Educative
Please upload video on abnormal respirations like Kussmaul breathing, Cheyne stokes respiration and Biot's respiration
Jak ja mam się tego nauczyć w jeden dzień? :C
Nice vid :D
Calming voice must say..
Also does this line correct "common misconception that breathing in a larger volume of air increases the oxygenation of the blood. It is physiologically impossible to increase the oxygen saturation of the blood in this way, because the blood is almost always already fully saturated. It would be like pouring more water into a glass that is already filled" from the oxygen advantage
yeah, you collapse :) pretty cool experience hehe...
Hello, there is a feeling of pressure, tightness and shortness of breath in the upper lobe of the right lung, which has become chronic, a tomography was taken, nothing came out, what else can I do?
I was confused but thanks
Now i understand
Really amazing 👏👏👏❤️
I really enjoy your videos on YT they are really helpful. I have a question, I hope you would reply me and clear my doubt. I would remain obliged.
Question: If epiglottis closes the wind pipe (Trachea) during the eating or drinking of something, then how does air enter in wind pipe?
It doesn't, but it's a very short moment. It's only closed during swallowing, not the entire eating/drinking process. It closes, then opens, then closes... allowing swallowing and breathing to alternate. That's why breathing and swallowing must be tightly coordinated (automatically, subconsciously).
Thanks very much.🙏🙏🙏
SUPERBB
What is the role of abdominals in breathing?
Nice 👌👌👍👍👍
Excuse me, I am Sari Bulan from Indonesia. May I use this video to my student worksheet? I need to translate this firstly to Bahasa, may I?
You can post a link to any of our videos, or use the "Embed" function within "share" to embed the videos, but you may not download them and upload them anywhere else. You can add translation as subtitles to our videos. This is how: support.google.com/youtube/answer/6054623?hl=en but you need to hurry, this feature is only available until Sept 28. After you submit the subtitles, we will have to publish them before Sept 28.
does the internal intercosal muscle only contract in exercise ?
Internal intercoastal muscles contract every time we exhale and relax every time we inhale.
i'll try to beathe better from now on thx
I love you
Wow
The topic of breathing is soooo complicated, so much to take in
I see what you did here :)
Very helpful, I can now use hamon to kill vampires and kill ancient aztec gods.
😂
Hi, could I use this video in a presentation for physiology students? Please let me know if there 's any cost involved. Thanks in advance!
You are welcome to link to this video, or use the "Embed" function (within "Share") to embed it in your lecture - in this case your students essentially watch the video from our channel. If you want an independent use you need to purchase a license from our website - you will get to download a non-watermarked version with license purchase.
@@Alilamedicalmedia Hello again, and thanks for your prompt reply. By purchasing a licence do I have the possibility to use your other videos as well? And what is the cost please?
Thank you in advance! Alex
Each video requires its own license. Please head to our website for more info and prices: www.alilamedicalmedia.com/ You can contact us directly from there as well.
Friking pressure
طب kmc مكمل بكلهن
plz added translation in urdu language pakistan
You are now breathing manually.
I'm not, and hopefully you aren't either :-)
Boyle's law..oh well
Not really CO2,O2 are real gases
They obey vanderwalls equation
Which also says increase in pressure means decrease in volume and vice versa but not proportionally rather in a messy not so beautiful way
The relation is way more complex than what Boyle thought
Who else got sent here by there teacher
Who else here has trouble in breathing?
Y do u have any problems?
Pov:you came here because of your assignment🤣
🖤🖤🖤🖤🖤🤤
I am not satisfied with this cause that it is in very simplified term 😞
ПЕРЕВОД НА РУССКОМ ГДЕ.
сам переводи
@@v.kookie vn nvhjhg
@@PantonX ?
Whos here after watching demon slayer?
Thanks
Good