SOUTH SUDAN | How Did It Win Independence?
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- čas přidán 6. 06. 2024
- On 9 July 2011, South Sudan formally gained its independence from Sudan, joining the United Nations as the organisation's 193rd member less than a week later. In gaining its statehood, it became one of the very few examples of a successful secession in modern international relations. So, how did South Sudan become independent?
Hello and welcome! My name is James Ker-Lindsay. Here I take an informed look at International Relations with a focus on territorial conflicts, secession, independence movements and new countries. If you like what you see, please do subscribe. If you want more, including exclusive content and benefits, consider becoming a channel member. Many thanks!
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When South Sudan became independent, in July 2011, it marked the end of Africa's longest civil war. Over the course of two conflicts - the First Sudanese Civil War and the Second Sudanese Civil War - the largely Christian sub-Saharan south fought to secure its autonomy and then independence from the predominantly Arab Muslim north. In securing an independent South Sudan, the Sudan Peoples Liberation Army (SPLA), led by Dr John Garang, became one of the remarkably few truly successful independence movements in modern international politics. However, if one looks back at the history of the issue, the two parts of Sudan should never have been together in the first place. It was simply by dint of history and colonialism that the north and south came together under the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium. Matters were not made easier when Britain, fearing the start of a civil war, effectively abandoned Sudan in 1955. However, the eventual path to independence was based on a diverse range of factors, not least of all the active involvement of the United States. As a result, South Sudan became just one of three secessionist independence campaigns to succeed in the past fifty years. And yet, as it celebrates its first decade as a country, South Sudan has become the world's newest failed state.
CHAPTERS
0:00 Introduction
0:29 Secession and the Case of South Sudan
1:40 Geography and Demographics of South Sudan
2:31 Sudan’s History and Independence
4:56 First Sudanese Civil War
5:49 Second Sudanese Civil War
6:59 Comprehensive Peace Agreement and Independence
9:05 How South Sudan Became Independent
RELATED PLAYLISTS
Secession and Independence in Africa • AFRICA
The Origins of Countries • THE ORIGINS OF COUNTRIES
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FURTHER READING & USEFUL SOURCES
Addis Ababa Agreement (1972) peacemaker.un.org/sites/peace...
Comprehensive Peace Agreement (2005)
peacemaker.un.org/sites/peace...
Sudan, South Sudan, and Darfur: What Everyone Needs to Know amzn.to/3hA4knE
The Struggle for South Sudan amzn.to/2TtX8kM
First Raise a Flag: How South Sudan Won the Longest War but Lost the Peace amzn.to/3haZldS
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KEYWORDS
#SouthSudan #Sudan #Independence
#InternationalPolitics #CurrentAffairs #InternationalRelations
#Secession #Statehood #Independence
#InternationalLaw #InternationalHistory
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South Sudan's 🇸🇸 independence is a reality. I'm proud to be one of those voted to make it. The challenge now is how to build a peaceful multiethnic nation. Thank you for this fascinated video.
That must have been a great moment. Many congratulations on the 10th anniversary of independence. It was a huge achievement, as I hoped to show. But, you’re right, the key challenge now is to make it work.
By the way, please do share the video if you know anyone else who might be interested. It really helps the channel.
@Awet D. Batista, Shouldn't the question "..how to build a peaceful multiethnic nation?" have been explored and feasible plans of action drawn before the country's independence had taken place after which when the independence became realised then those plans put into action to not only build peaceful multiethnic nation but a prosperous and successful nation??!!!
As South Sudan being a failed State is a reality today, do you think this was caused by lack of foresight and vision on part of the leaderships who led the independence struggle?
@@AliN-bb4rt the problem is people first issue was independence so they didn't concentrate on other important issues too
@@AliN-bb4rt And unity was always going to be impossible. We are too different in every way, in land, in people, in culture, in language, in race/ethnicity and in religion. It was never going to work, since South Sudan has more in common with Uganda and Kenya than with Sudan.
@@AliN-bb4rt yes you right our leaders rushed to independence without any foresight given the fact that they were 21 year's fighters turned leaders of the new nation full of many challenges that are why our dream turned into a nightmare, but still, there is hope for change, now there is peace. The land is still virgin never seen any development since God's creation it has been neglected by the Sudan government for more than 50 years of Arabization and Islamization policies that why South Sudanese fought for independence and got it. Leaders go but independent South Sudan will remain. We are not regretting being independent of Arab colonialism.
9 July 2021 marks the tenth anniversary of South Sudan's independence. It is one of the exceptionally few successful secessionist movements in modern international politics. But what lessons can be learned from its path to independence? And, after a decade, the longest ever period since a new member joined, which will be the next country to join the UN?
BIAFRA, Ambazonia and maybe Tigray may become the next newest state on board.
Biafra, Ambazonia, and Tigray
Maybe the EAF?
Maybe Bougainville Island? The island's residents voted for secession from Papua New Guinea not too long ago, but the referendum is not binding so only time will tell.
I believe the Next country to join the UN will be Scotland followed by Somaliland.
Felt like I was listening to the story of Northern Nigeria and South Eastern Nigeria. Its a very similar struggle. I hope South Sudan turn their country around in the nearest future.
It is fascinating to see the parallels across cases, isn’t it!? The more cases I cover, the more the apparent links become obvious. And I fully agree. I do really hope that South Sudan can find some stability in its second decade as a country.
Sad isn't it James? Despite the South Sudanese gaining independence, they are still engulfed in terrible violence. Keep up the good work!
Asa
Thanks so much! Yes, it really is a tragic situation. There were such high hopes at the time. No thought it would be easy, but it has worked out worse than anyone feared. But here’s hoping it can find its way.
I haven’t even finished watching the video yet but I wanted to say thank you Mr. Ker-Lindsay for your analyses and explanations of complex geopolitical issues that are somehow short and simple enough for people like me to understand but are also not oversimplified like some other similar explanations of geopolitical issues and conflicts. I don’t understand how you manage to do this so well each time, but I appreciate it.
I still believe your channel is criminally underrated.
Thank you so much. It is incredibly kind of you to let me know you still like the channel. I appreciate it enormously.
this definitely means alot to South Sudanese! Thank you🥰🕊
My pleasure. Sending all South Sudanese my very best wishes on the anniversary of independence!
@@JamesKerLindsay thank you so much🙏
50 years of Bangladesh's independence and 10 years of South Sudan's independence.
Indeed! Two important independence anniversaries! Congratulations to both.
61 yrs independence of Somalia
26june 1July
🇸🇴😍🇧🇩
Amazing video again!
Thank you so much! Always appreciated. I hope all is well with you.
Interesting presentation. I've learnt a lot in just 11 minutes. Keep up the amazing work. I'll be binging your videos and write notes along the way for my upcoming semester break. :D
Great stuff! So glad they’re useful. Good luck with the note-taking! 🙂
I remember when this happen I was only 15 when it did but I remember finding it to be a really exciting event at the time. Thanks for such a great video James!
Thank you so much. I remember it too. There was a real sense of hope for the country. It is sad how it turned out, but hopefully the next decade will be better.
Hi James great explanation as always. Look forward to an updated take on Tigray & Ethiopia following recent events.
Well done. Well researched video that provides an indepth historical perspective and analysis, informative and educational to this most important and interesting issue of Sudan. Thank you James.
Thank you so much Omar.
This is amazing content! can't believe this show is for free, your videos are binge-worthy - Please, do an episode on Somaliland's push for a successful secession and operating as a de facto state for 30 years.
Thanks so much. I am so glad to hear you like it. As it happens, I’ve already done a video on Somaliland: czcams.com/video/hOkZKiVUg10/video.html And I really do hope to come back to it again soon.
By the way, there’s always channel membership of you’d like to make a contribution! :-) www.CZcams.com/c/jameskerlindsay/join But don’t worry if you can’t. Any support is gratefully received: watching the ads, giving videos a like, sharing them, leaving a comment. And if you do know anyone else who might like the channel, please do let them know.
Thanks again!
Excellent video as usual
Thank you so much.
Amazing video usual
Thank you so much! I hope all is well with you.
Good analysis indeed
This is a very fitting video, ironically it would have been more fitting next Friday, as it's the actual 10th anniversary but still, you know I don't like sports, particularly football, so watching your videos is a lot better way to spend an evening then watching the Euros! Vey well made video!
Thank you Roger. It was a tough choice whether to do it this week or next. But I thought that next Friday would probably miss any wave of interest in the 10th anniversary. Hopefully, this will have a chance to get some traction in the run up to the actual day. We’ll see. And obviously I’m delighted you see the videos as a nice alternative to the football! 🙂 Have a great weekend!
@@JamesKerLindsay Thank you so much Sir! Have a great weekend to you as well!
Hey James, I just wanted to ask something, and forgive me if you've elucidated this already, but one of the main arguments against the recognition of Somaliland is that there are fears that it's official independence might embolden other African secessionist movements. And yet South Sudan achieved independence and, as far as I know, it didn't seem to begat an eruption of violence and secessionist activity. Does South Sudan's very existence as a country negate this argument against Somaliland?
Anyway, great video, I can expect no less of you.
I would assume that the argument would stipulate that the referedum was endorsed by Sudan as a way to end hostilities and was recognized by Sudan as legitimate, wheras Somalia is vehemently against Somaliland independence. Although I am very pro-Somaliland, I think there are meaningful differences between the cases.
Self determination is accepted when parent country agrees too. Somalia won't accept it
First of all congratulations to South Sudan, great video, thanks James. Regarding Somaliland there is an argument I've heard from Somaliland media & it is this: They claim that their case is not actually a secession but similar to the former Soviet Union members. Somaliland is claiming that they joined with Somalia in 1960 to form the Somalil Republic which became the Somali Democratic Republic in 1969 after a military coup. The argument from Somaliland is that the Somalil Democratic Republic no longer exists (which is true). It is also very interesting to note that a company from The United Arab Emirates has invested over $400 million in the Somaliland port of Berbera. The goverment of Somalia was vehemently opposed to this & even barred the company from operating in their country but the agreement & investment went ahead. Why didn't the goverment of Somalia take the company to court? Could it be that they have no legal jurisdiction over Somaliland territory? I wonder what James thinks about this line of argument?
But I think things are heading in the right direction for Somaliland, everyone is now waking up to the strategic location of Somaliland.
@@ShubhamMishrabro Technically speaking Somaliland was never part of Somalia. in 1960, Somaliland and Somalia joined together to form the Somali Republic which became the Somali Democratic Republic in 1969, but that country collapsed in 1991, Somalia and Somaliland then went their separate ways. As James said in his video on Somaliland, they were very close to getting their recognition after the 2005 African Union report but I don't know what went wrong.
@@jamac9403 let's see how will they get independence then. If they can agree then it's good
Very interesting topic!
Thank you. It is such an interesting and rare case of secession.
I also wanted to say a huge thank you for joining the channel! I really appreciate it. I only opened it a day or so ago and haven't announced it yet, so it was a loved surprise and I wanted to let you know that you are officially the first! So, many thanks to you. And congratulations to us both! :-)
@@JamesKerLindsay oh wow, what an honor to be the first one! I've been watching your interesting videos for months and I decided to study politics and ir also thanks to them. Keep up the great work!
Thank you for all informations about South Sudan. I am South Sudanese
Thank you. It is an incredible story. Here’s hoping the next decade will be better for the country and its people.
Great video, James. You ended on the note of coming back to this topic at some time. With South Sudanese elections scheduled for 2024, perhaps that time is soon?
Thanks so much. Great suggestion!
Another fascinating video. Thank you. I wonder if the difficulty achieving recognised independence will change over the century? Will the reappearance of a bipolar world change things? Or will it take a breakdown of the UN system.
Really great question. I think a lot of us are asking exactly the same question.
Mr. James, I have learned a lot from your 11 minutes presentation, could you please also tackle the Conflict in the Nuba Mountains ( the two areas in Sudan) a separatist conflict in Sudan.
Thank you so much for the excellent suggestion. I have marked it down. I certainly plan to take more of a look at South Sudan and its difficulties since independence.
Thank you very much for listening to us🤝
Thank you for yet another exceptional video. I was actually aware of the South Susan path to independence. Can you also expand on the possibility of East African Federation to become a reality. I heard that South Sudan is expected to be a part of this.
South Sudan already a member state of the EAC block
This just reminds me of the Nigeria-Biafra war of 1967-1970... Nice analysis as always Sir .
Thank you so much! Really appreciated. It’s really interesting to compare and contrast and see the linkages between different cases, isn’t it?
@@JamesKerLindsay Yes sir... Most African conflicts is because of differences in ethnicity and Religion.
7:37 "the souths cause was increasingly supported by U.S evangelical Christians"
hmmmmmm,
what other civil war does this remind me of?
Is this supposed to be cute? You think South Sudanese people are equivalent to Confederates?
It reminds you of the Israeli 🇮🇱🇮🇱-Palestinain conflict in the Middle East.
As an enthusiast for maps, I remember looking at whether the maps contained 'South Sudan' or no to see if the said map was printed after 2011 or otherwise. Thank you James, once, again for a very informative video.
I would certainly look forward to your future video, but considering the state of affairs in South Sudan as at this moment, do you think that the international community is going to be reluctant to accept referendum clauses in peace agreements?
I love 😘🥰🥰🥰🥰🥰 India 🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳 and Hindusim from Canada 🇨🇦🇨🇦🇨🇦🇨🇦 South Sudanese-Sudanese 🇸🇩🇸🇸🇸🇸🇸🇩🇸🇩🇸🇸🇸🇸🇸🇩🇸🇩 background living in Canada 🇨🇦🇨🇦.
Thanks so much as always for the great comment and the excellent question. I think that the Sudan model should actually be looked at in more cases. In fact, I always suggested that this would have been the best way to deal with Serbia and Kosovo. Have an agreement that would have seen Kosovo formally under Serbian sovereignty but with complete self-rule for a period - say 6-7 years - and then follow it with a formal referendum to confirm it. This arrangement is excellent as it gives the 'parent' state time to make the case for the union with its honour intact that it didn't lose the territory, and argue that the secession is the territory's own choice. It seems a good soft landing. The big thing in this case, of course, is that Sudan didn't try to renege on the deal. It kept its word. (Perhaps because so many countries, including the US had supported it.) But, you're right, that the South Sudanese example will certainly give the international community pause for thought on these situations. No one wants a repeat of this case. This was one of the interesting elements in the case of Bougainville. While it has voted for independence, many want to try to ensure that if/when it becomes a state it will be stable.
@@bigfan2452 hope you're living a good life in canada. Hope all fight in South Sudan stops now even sudan is becoming better. Hopefully both Sudan's get better
@@ShubhamMishrabro yes, I am living a very good life in Canada 🇨🇦🇨🇦🇨🇦. I am currently learning Urdu 🇵🇰🇵🇰🇵🇰 and can understand alot of Hindi langauge. I love 😘🥰🥰🥰🕉️🕉️🕉️ Hindusim.
@@bigfan2452 thanks brother😘😤❤️
Nice one. I got to know the story better.
Thanks so much. I’m glad it was useful. It is such an interesting story. Such cases are remarkably rare in international relations.
@@JamesKerLindsay I got clearer view now. I don’t know much of the story earlier. I don’t know why African dictators cause they don’t act as leaders do choose war to dialogue. After much they still do the dialogue after killing many civilians.
@@joelzimco5778 😆 lol
Exactly
Congratulations 👏👏👏
For a political science student, the information in this video is so short, precise and clear, that i had to put it on 0.75x speed so i could make bullets of everything relevant for my essay.
11/10 dont change.
Thanks so much. That’s so good to hear. Really glad that it helped!
Hello JAMES hope you i like your channel kindly do an episode on AMBAZIONIA
Thanks. I already have. Here you go: czcams.com/video/6cXXw2tPFcU/video.html
If you analysed all these videos I wonder how often the phrase "And then the British left" occurs.
I guess we could add that phrase to the future Afghanistan videos.
Great work James.
There is a book on my wish list about the History of South Sudan, called "A Rope Fell From the Sky."
I wonder why most disputes in Africa always have Britain directly/indirectly involved in it.
Sadly, we do seem to have had a hand in a lot of them. (Not all, though. France, Belgium, Portugal, Spain and Germany also played their parts.) In this case, the main problem was that Britain left as problems were brewing. It scarpered at the first sign of trouble, as we’d say!
@@JamesKerLindsay That is not true. They have a hand in what is going on in Nigeria. Look at the harbinger of death in Nigeria- British High commissioner, wherever she goes death soon follows..She has a hand in the kidnapping of Mazi Nnmadi Kanu in Kenya. Britain still orchestrates the impunity of the current terrorist government in place.
The problem with colonialism in Africa was their planning of Africa. They made different people come closer which leads to fight. Border should have been redrawn
Please help push for Biafra independence.
Would you make some international law cases, like Nicaragua vs the USA Sir!
Thanks. Great suggestion. Certainly. I do want to look at more contentious cases. And I often reference ICJ rulings in my videos.
Do one in south arabia aka South Yemen current situation
I noticed it said “ Last New Country”, I realized that it has been a few years since a new country has been formed. Surely their could be newer ones coming if the time is right.
Thanks. I actually made the title a bit ambiguous for that reason. :-)
@@JamesKerLindsay yeah I saw it, I actually think something big is gonna disrupt the geopolitical atmosphere soon. Like, a wave of Balkanization could happen. I just found out that back in 2020-2021 secession movements just popped out of nowhere.
@@JamesKerLindsay and these independence movements just came from places you never would have thought and some are the classics such as Scotland and the like. Even Texas independence got a rise in support.
I can admire the bravery of the people of south sudan.
It is an incredible story. One of the very few successful case of secession in modern International politics.
21 years of civil war between north and south Sudan
So prior to the Ottoman push, what is now south Sudan had never been ruled jointly with the north?
short answer: George Clooney
The first ten years of independence is a struggle, but as the older generation of leaders eventually gets replaced by a younger generation, the hope is that tribalism and war will slowly fade away to build our country 🇸🇸🇸🇸
It hasn’t been the easiest time, but it would be great to see the country succeed. It went through a lot. One of my best friends at university was South Sudanese. I remember him telling me about the war and the difficulties. I’ve always had a lot of affection towards the country. Wishing you all the very best.
Is there a difference between a regime and a nation-state? What about mafias, cartels and cliques? It might be a better model to recognize political organizations other than states. That might make a cool map too shi...
Do a video about Albania !! The politics geographies and about the treaty of 1913 that they gave most of Albanians lands on Serbia Greece Macedonia etc !!!
Sir I want you to do videos on some underrated topics like genocide in Balkans during ww2 i read Serbs and Bulgarian were genocided, Bengali genocide(bangladesh is celebrating its 50th anniversary), hazara genocide in late 19th century by Afghan King which killed 67% of hazaras,separation of Czechoslovakia.
We need freedom
We want freedom of Biafra
I see that as unlikely. I think its more likely nigeria divides in 2 along religious lines.
If you want freedom you must fight more yrs
I hear Baifra long time
Why you don't want to be apart of nageria?
@@futuredoctor1966 Simple. Cultural, political, and religious differences with the north.
I don't know much about the situation in Sudan but I do know they're very tall people probably the tallest in Africa.
Tall from bottom too 😬🍌
@@ShubhamMishrabro 😂😂😂😂😉😉😉
@@ShubhamMishrabro
How would you know? 😅
@@thephoenix756 😬 very famous videos bro😳
@@ShubhamMishrabro
I don't know this famous video, but I'll take your word for it. I'm South Sudanese myself so I find it intriguing.
tiktok famous song for south sudan independence called I cannot believe my eyes haha
Great video! South Sudan certainly proved that independence can be a blessing as well as a curse. Thus I might not refer to it as a "successful" secession. Perhaps unrecognized governments should focus more on achieving competency and strategic partnerships rather than achieving legitimacy and recognition. Crimea achieved at least the same level of successful secession as Somaliland. It would be cool to see Somaliland merge with a recognized State such as Ethiopia or South Africa. Taiwan could shock the world by declaring independence and immediately merging with Israel. Western Sahara is a candidate for successful secession from Morocco with or without consent from the Moroccan government. West Papua is another candidate. Another potential candidate for successful secession would be Ryukyu, although it can be argued that Ryukyu independence would be a case of de-occupation, as was successfully achieved by Hong Kong and will certainly be achieved by Hawaii.
Thanks. I realised that “successful” could be misread in this situation. It is successful inasmuch as it was accepted by Sudan and joined the UN. Sadly, the country has been anything but successful since then.
Now this is an interesting story. Despite it's post-independence issues, South Sudan did the impossible and seceded to become its own state. Since then it's been downhill from there, but the country still has an unwritten future. It'll be a decade old by 9 July, so it still has potential.
Sadly, you are right. I will come back to this in a future video. It is a fascinating and sad story. So much hope and yet it has been wracked by internal divisions and fighting. I also hope to cover another important Sudanese issue - Darfur - in a future video.
@@JamesKerLindsay And those are some videos that I look forward to. It'll be nice to get an update on post-independence events and what is happening in Darfur.
What about east timor? I thought they also successfully separated from Indonesian occupation to form an independent state?
Thanks. East Timor was another situation. It is comparable to Western Sahara. It had a right to select-determination as a colony. But it was invaded and occupied by another state before that could happen. It was not a case of secession. This makes it rather different to South Sudan.
@JamesKerLindsay Got it, thanks Prof for the quick and informative response!
Its should be noted that North Sudan actually honored the referendum. Very mature for a country to do that lol
Can a state lose his recognition through being just a proxy of another state ? And is their an official description what aspects a state has to fulfill to be just a proxy?
Great question. It is actually very hard to lose recognition. And what constitutes a proxy would be very difficult to define in specific terms. Sovereignty means able to make your own decisions about what you want to do, even to be annexed by another state. Short of this, a country can simply argue that it is aligning its foreign policy with another country. In other words, as long as states avoid openly invading another country, they can claim that a very close relationship, even to the point that the government of an independent state aligns on all positions, does not mean that it is a proxy. If you see what I mean? Do you have a particular example in mind?
@@JamesKerLindsay Well not at the moment because its hard to define "proxy" because most groups differ a bit from their ally. An assumption would be if militias or groups allied with Iran would take over a nation (Iraq, Yemen or Lebanon) for example.
This is an important debate. But we enter into the territory of the recognition of governments, rather than states. This used to happen but countries stopped doing it. It was just too problematic. They just recognise states and then decide on how much engagement that they want with the government in power.
By the way, can I be shameless and perhaps suggest you look into channel membership. I’m getting overwhelmed by comments and it is difficult to have these debates in the way that I could in the past. But I want to do more. Here’s the link, in case you’re interested.
www.CZcams.com/c/JamesKerLindsay/join
A lot of people said South Sudan, should have been apart of Uganda 🇺🇬. Because of Christianity.
Israel gave arms to South Sudan in the first war.
That can’t happen
That won't ever happen. South 🇸🇸 is and will always be an independent State. Just because we are Christians doesn't mean we should give up our sovereign rights to govern ourselves.
How about East Timor?
Thanks. East Timor became independent before South Sudan. I've also done a video on that. czcams.com/video/zo752UfVwYk/video.html
Tom Hanks.
We will replicate it in Nigeria if anything happens to Nnamdi Kanu
A hypothetical to consider: Set aside the colonial and postcolonial history of subsaharan Africa for a moment. What would ideal political organization of this large and diverse region of the world be? It seems that the idea of the nation-state is not very well-suited to sub-saharan Africa because the borders can never be drawn well around so many small and fractured ethno-nations. The pan-africanist ideal also seem impractical because it does not acknowledge any of the major fracturing lines between regions - most notably between North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa, but also between the Sahel and the West African coast, between the Congo rainforests and grasslands and deserts to its south and east, between the Cushitic, Khoisan, Niger-Atlantic and Bantu cultural spheres, or between the syncretic Christian regions and those touched by Islamic influences for centuries.
It seems to me that an ideal system would break African into five or six large regions, subdivided into many smaller cultural regions - both traditional linguistic and cultural territories and modern urban ones, each with a fair amount of political autonomy and self-governance, but each sendng representatives to a confederated democratic legislature and executive. The corrupt dictators and petty inter-ethnic wars need to go. So too must the tendency to blame current African problems on past colonial rulers. (Even when those accusations are fair, they don't help to solve present-day problems.)
There's a prevailing idea in the modern world that redrawing borders is lalways a bad idea because of its tendency to trigger conflicts. I don't disgree with the general notion. However, in Africa, has this principle really done ANY good in all this time since decolonization? Any at all? I certainly don't see it. Perhaps it is time for Africans to take it upon themselves to rethink their political organization.
Thanks so much. Some really fascinating thoughts! A collection of ethnonational confederations? Groups control their own affairs, but come together over key functions, like foreign affairs and defence?
Your videos are remarkable
But please IPOB leader has been arrested
Make a video on it please
People are dying
My brother no amount of video will change anything! That is where I think we got a problem, always blowing hot on youtube and other social media without backing it up with action. The Fulani government secretly planned and abducted MNK without giving warning but whatever IPOB/ESN want to do they first issue statement and warnings/ultimatum. MNK was entreated severally to commence armed struggle but he refused saying it is not yet time. I wonder how he feels now in DSS custody, he will be regretting not building up an army and paying huge sums to consultants in America; recently IPOB paid $750k, imagine how much in armaments or even armed drones development such amounts can realize for the movement. Same way he refused to see reason and abandone the so called Niger Delta people and focus on only Igbos; the 5 states plus the core Igbo areas carved into so called Delta and Rivers states. Until a radically different approach is taken, the agitation will bear no fruits; South Sudanese soldiers mutinied in Torit and formed SPLA fought for nearly for decades despite obstacles until they were given referendum. If you think the Fulani government will give you referendum without a war then you are deluded. Even better is that Nigeria cannot survive a war but will implode. So for his rearrest blame no one else but MNK. I still pray that God grants him mercy and protection if not the Fulani will not fail to end his life this time.
I have no thoughts that new countries are an impossibility, personally.
And now South Sudan is in civil war, maybe 10 years later you'll be making a video about how did east/west Sudan becam independent. Lol, great video as always 👍
Won't happen; it took a century for us to leave a Nation we never intended to be a part of and there is simply no comparable dynamic in South Sudan.
I grew up watching Star Trek, which is based upon the premise that all of the Earth’s nations will have joined a peaceful, prejudice-free, post-scarcity democracy by the year 2150. Every time I see real-world nations fighting one another or splitting up into smaller nations, I can’t help but feel sad, thinking of that idealistic Star Trek future that we will obviously never achieve.
Thanks. Big fan too. Ah, the Utopianism. But it is set several centuries from now. Humanity will go through worse before, if it survives, it will get better. Also, it’s been said that we won’t recognise our common humanity until we meet aliens!
I know its politically correct to blame "the west" for everything but I think the borders drawn by Europeans in the 19th century have been one of the major problems in Africa since independence, rather arbitrary borders putting different people together who shouldn't be or keeping similar people apart who shouldn't be... I think decolonization was a bit rushed by weary weakened post-war Europeans and agitated revolutionary impatient Africans, and some modifications of boundaries should have been considered, but it's understandable if not exactly ideal why it turned out the way it did
I have never seen the amount of civil war in South Sudan anywhere. Even after independence they are still fighting 😐🤦
It is incredibly sad. There was so much hope when it became independent. However, it has suffered so much more division and conflict. I hope to take a closer look at all this in a future video.
@@JamesKerLindsay yeah it will be helpful to people. But I think main reason is tribalism
"Fearing the risk of fighting, Britain pulled out faster"
Second view
The failures catalyzed by British colonialism are underreported
The fact Susan was the first country to recognize South Sudans independence is kinda heartwarming.
Even the president of Sudan said (and I’m paraphrasing) “Good job lil bro”.
Honestly, Mr James, South Sudan was not the first to win independence this way. The first to do so in the 21st century was East Timor, winning independence in 2002 after a referendum with acceptance from Indonesia.
Thanks. But East Timor is in fact a rather different case in international law. South Sudan was a case of secession from an established recognised state. East Timor is a case of decolonisation that was thwarted when Indonesia invaded. Few countries ever accepted Indonesia’s sovereignty over East Timor.
Nice presentation and thank you, but our history dose not began with the ottoman empire, our history began since milinias the history of kush its our ancient history we are very ancient people especially the nilotes
South Sudan oyee! Long live mother land 🇸🇸
Thanks. In every case I cover there is a long history. But this isn’t a history channel. I focus on international relations and how countries become independent. In order to keep the videos short, I choose an appropriate moment to start the explanation. This isn’t to deny an older history. It is just to tell a very particular story of that country’s path to statehood in the modern international system.
@@JamesKerLindsay thanks, never mind at least people knew something about Our glorious struggles
South Sudan is still a very poor country, well, for years now. But given how the north, the current Sudan, maltreated the South, it does not surprise me why South Sudan prefer to become a country. Sudan is not better either as the Khartoum regime mismanaged the whole country, hence why independence is a must. I can't blame them if they [South Sudanese] want their nation back.
How did it happen?
USA
USA did a good thing then.
Why is British so wicked?
I think tigree will be next country after south Sudan
**Republic Of South Sudan**
Wait why Sudan allow South Sudan to leave? They lost all their oil
Did you said they lost all their oil??? It's South Sudan oil not for north Sudan my friend. Sudan was strong back in the days because all it recourses came from South but we still love our brothers from North we are still the children of Sudan or Kush (Nubian) we share the same story from the beginning and don't forget Ethiopia too.
The dinka have used Ethnocide as a tool for state building in south sudan, then they shifted to actual genocide, but the Nuer genocide was not the only one, they've been killing the fertit and have reduced their numbers in WAU as well as took their land. South Sudan is beyond a failed state, if any person wants these Nations of people within south sudan to succeed than they would advocate for a succession. The Nuer want a succession, the Shilluk want a succession and the Equaoria region want a succession
South Sudan independence is not a joy for all of us, my grandfathers fought for a split from North Sudan not a united South into a country....
Stop misleading non-South Sudanese with such fanciful rhetoric; there is currently no movement for secession anywhere in South Sudan.
If you're Nuer, you would know just how hypocritical you sound right now because the Nuer have engaged in land-theft that is almost unfathomable; areas like Akobo and Longechuk are both larger than Lebanon and the Nuer took them by force from the Anyuak and the Burun starting from the 80s and continuing until this day.
The Paramount chief of the Anyuak was assassinated by Nuer gunmen for opposing Nuer encroachment and imperialism.
@@thephoenix756 You’re a mess, and lack intellect lol. Your hate for Nuer is obvious, and there hasn’t been any land stolen! Akobo and Nasir were purchased in mid 1800s 😭😂 not even 80’s,
Where are you Anyuak located today? Stop misleading people and continue on
Hmm. Stop playing victim . All minorities I'm South Sudan would rather be with Dinka than Nuer but I know you nuer can't still get over the events of 2015 . I condemn what happened to Nuer people in 2015 but we should also look at the other side of the story like what Nuer did in Bor, or how Nuer people took parts of Mabaan or even How Nuer killed and took Akobo and Nasir from Anyuak and still want to displace Anyuak in Gambella or maybe what Nuer are doing in Malakal to native shiluk people but I guess your elders didn't tell you all those right ? Stop playing victim 😒.
@@nyemer Akobo and Nasir were Purchased, is that what your father told you. Nuer with thier father Arabs masscred Anyuak and we're retaliated but your fathers had control of the entire Country we couldn't do anything. Nuer still Follow kill and take Anyuak lands in Gambella eventhough they came as refugees. Stop misliding and be hypocritical . Almost Every tribe in South Sudan has a scar left on them by your Nuer . Dinka people are nowhere near nuer people. Dinka people never go killing and displacing minorities but they instead fight themselves and this is why Minorities will always prefer Dinka than Nuer . Nuer are the Problem in South Sudan
As a south sudanese I must say you're an embarrassment to entire nation. Coz there's nothing like secession demand anywhere
I wish these evangelical Christians will also support Biafra against the extremist Nigerian muslims in the North.
Somaliland will soon be getting its seat in the UN.
WHY DONT YOU MADE VIDEO OF INDIAN SEPARATIST MOVEMENTS THERE ARE LOTS OF THEM!!! OR IS IT BECAUSE THEY ARE DEMOCRATIC COUNTRY U DONT CRITICIZE INDIA? SUCH A DOUBLE STANDARD
A recurring decimal of historic world crime and invasion is Britain wrecking havoc everywhere they go. The presenter says cessation very rarely succeeds but that is only in Africa though. In europe it is more likely to succeed because of lack of interference from non state actors. Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, USSR, Northern Ireland (hmmm.. hmmm..). Britain had the very privileged opportunity to build a very peaceful, cooperative and very stable world, they chose the path of conflict and division that will still be raging even long after everyone alive today are all gone...I mean look at the mess called Nigeria.
They manipulators still crashing the wounds.
1. South Sudan, you are not the slaves nor victims of Sudan Arabic colonizers.
If Sudan people have right to use whatever method to kick out British colonizers, of course South Sudan people share the exactly same right.
The so-called international law is purely depending on the winners.
And by the way, when European colonizers genocide native Americans, which laws did they follow?
When 13 state colonies grabbed guns against British Empire, which laws did Georgie Washington follow?
When Serbians, Greeks punched Ottoman Turkish Empire, which law did they follow?
Are all above against the so called sovereignty and territory integrated of the victims (Native Americans, British Empire, Ottoman Turkish Empire)?
Victims? it is better to call them slavery masters! (Except Native Americans, because they are still the victims of American colonizers! )
2. By the way, the US Supreme court ruled: there is no right of secession, no way to reconsider or revocation; except through REVOLUTION or consent of States!
South Sudan achieved its independence by revolution ( By winning the independence war)! Not by the Sudan colonizers' mercy!
It is by defeating the Sudan fascist and colonizers!
3. As how Kosovo achieved independence by NATO helping them defeat Serbian Fascists!
Also, how Crimea and Donbass back to Russia, by defeating Ukrainian Fascists!
Even though the counter-parts don't recognize the independence, it doesn't matter.
Since native Americans, British Empire Ottoman Empire got crushed and defeated, nobody cares their position nor permissions!
4. Nazi Germany says French resistance is terrorist! French Colonizer says Algeria Rebel is terrorist!
Western Terrorist (NATO) supports Kosovo self-determine, but refuses Crimea self-determine;
Russia government (fascist and terrorist) supports Crimea self-determine, but refuses Kosovo self-determine!
Purely dog biting dog! No worry!
5. Great NATO forces will crush Serbian Fascist and Russian Fascist once more, if they choose to attack Kosovo.
And of course, Great Pro-Russian (Donbass) freedom fighters and Russian forces (Russian Federation) will crush the Western NATO Fascist and terrorist and Ukrainian Fascist for sure, if they choose attack Donbass!
6. All oppressed nations and people will be liberated!
What we will lose is nothing but our chains!
Free Native Americans! Free Native Serbians!
Free Quebec! Free Catalonia! Free Corsica!
Free Donbass! Free Kosovo!
Free Kurdistan!
Free Tibet! Free Taiwan! Free Okinawa! Free Hokkaido!
(Note: Both NATO and Russia can be defined as terrorist and fascist, it only depends their role in the war!
When NATO becomes the bullying, it is fascist! When Russia becomes the bullying, it is also the fascist. If NATO is anti-bullying, it is freedom fighters, and for Russia, it is the same.)
South Sudan is must not be recognised because many country not recognise kosovo because South Sudan is Christian and Kosovo Moslem sir can make video a video that South Sudan is recognized and Kosovo not