Battle of Königgrätz 1866 - Austro-Prussian War DOCUMENTARY
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- čas přidán 17. 11. 2018
- In his animated historical documentary we will describe the Battle of Königgrätz (Konnigratz) of 1866 (also known as Sadowa), which decided the fates of the Austro-Prussian War (Seven Weeks' War) and the Third Italian War of Independence. This war became a part of the German and Italian Unification Wars (Risorgimento). The effects of the French Revolution, Napoleonic Wars and Revolutions of 1848 on the situation in Europe, the ascendance of Prussia via the works of Otto von Bismarck, Helmuth von Moltke and Albrecht von Roon and the Schleswig Wars.
Check out our previous videos on German history -
Battle of Hohenfriedberg: • Battle of Hohenfriedbe...
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This video was narrated by Officially Devin ( / @offydgg & / @gameworldnarratives )
Machinimas made on the Napoleon and Empire: Total War engine using - Victoria Total War (ETW) - The Great War (NTW) - 1220 (ATW) mods by Malay Archer ( / mathemedicupdates )
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Sources:
Gordon Craig - The Battle of Königgrätz
Thomas Miller, William Herbert - Notes on the Campaign between Prussia and Austria in 1866
Александр Свечин - Война за гегемонию в Германии 1866 г.
Dennis Showalter - The Wars of German Unification
Production Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound: www.epidemicsound.com
#Documentary #Koniggratz #KingsAndGenerals
Show notes:
1. Sorry for the late release, there was a mistake in the video and the renders take dozens of hours.
2. Please, don't get political. Liberalism and Nationalism of that era were quite different in comparison to the modern incarnations.
3. We glossed over the Revolutions of 1848, Italian Independence Wars and Schleswig Wars. They will be covered down the line.
4. a7a6f4 www.color-hex.com/color/a7a6f4 is used for the smaller states within the German Confederation.
5. Consider supporting us via patreon www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals - we have many new projects on the way and even $1 helps. Thanks!
Are you going to cover WW1
Why do you have a moustache on your logo?
When you have time to make video about Vietnam? . I will appreciate it
Slesvig * :D
@Kings and Generals 4:45 You've got a quote problem. You write "The position of Prussia in Germany will not be determined by its power" But then you verbally say the quote in the opposite way, saying it won't be determined by its Liberalism but by its power.
Bismark has a plan...
*Bismark ALWAYS has a plan*
BISMARCK PLAN DER LINE
You spelled his name wrong
Extra history club members
@Great Destroyer Moltke executed the plan
@Great Destroyer yeah but it was still Bismarck's plan to take over the places they did take over. Moltke realised Bismarck's plan with excellent strategic moves, therefore executing it brilliantly. But Moltke alone didn't come up with the vision in the first place, it wasn't his job to begin with. However, it was his job to take the military steps. A politician is not a strategist and a strategist is not a politician. They both needed one another in order to achieve success.
Fun fact ： did you know general Paul von Hindenburg fought the battle as a soldier
Not as a soldier. As a platoon commander.
cool
@@AnanthRanganathan Still a soldier.
Another interesting fact: Despite getting quite a lot of glory from it, Crown Prince Frederick (future Emperor Frederick III) actually was intensely against the Austro-Prussian War, as it was against fellow German peoples, and thus he felt it was immoral. Bismarck and the prince's father Wilhelm I overruled him though and the rest is history.
@@thunderbird1921 bissmarck actually have a hand in that, initially Bismarck want the pribce's little brother who was still a child to take over but the queen rejected that,
*150% discipline intensifies*
czcams.com/video/t7s5Ua4etZ0/video.html
Mexico ball
Patear el culo francés como hicieron los prusianos.
Please take back mexico from the drug dealers and corrupt politicians. Great people deserve better.
@@dankole307 Please just stop talking. We all deserve better.
No se dice prusianos animal, se dice Prusos.
Bonet- to warm my head
Gloves- to warm my hand
Socks- to warm my feet
Otto Von Bismarck- to warm my heart
Atleast not to warm your 😳
@@trollege9618
Sus
@@trollege9618Aye yo?
Mods used in this video:
-Victoria Total War (ETW)
-The Great War mod (NTW)
-1220 mod (ATW)
Whoever created Victorian mod really helped us a lot for this topic. To all VTW team, thank you !
What is the name of music in 7:16?
Tayro koniggratzer march
Zeke Jeager i don't think so dude.Are u sure u understand which music am i talling u?
nvm was wrong
@@tayro480 johannes bornlof, barbarians or solemn, dont remember
This battle has still today imprints on the Austrian culture:
1.) The quote "So schnell schießen die Preußen nicht" (The Prussians don't shoot that fast), meaning that something goes/proceeds slow, refers to the Prussian needle rifle which superiority was downplayed by the Austrian military leaders before the battle.
2.) After the battle the Prussians made a victory parade close by Vienna.The name of the director of the parade was Johann Gottfried Piefke and as the parade happened some Viennese called "The Piefkes are coming"
"Piefke" is still today an Austrian slur for stereotypical strached and arrogant (Northern) Germans.
@MY_AI_COVERS Einen Bayern würde man zB eher nicht als Piefke bezeichnen.
Und es ist meist eher abwertend (manchmal aber auch liebevoll-neckisch) gemeint ;)
My 3rd great grandfather was likely a participant in this battle on the Austrian side. He was a Moravian from the village of Chropini in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. Nowadays I think it's called Chropyně in the region of Zlin in Czechia. I had another ancestor I think that may have fought on the Prussian side as well but not yet confirmed. In around this time and the later Franco-Prussian War which caused much hardship on the population, a very large amount of Prussians, Rheinlanders, and "Bohemians" (Czechs and Moravians) immigrated to the US, particularly via the port of New Orleans up the Mississippi River into the Illinois side of St Louis.
@@CatnamedMittens That’s Czech name for the country. Getting mad over that is like getting mad at a German for calling his country Deutschland.
Seems like there were two waves of Germans coming to the US. There was also a bunch in like the late 1700s or early 1800s as well.
@@CatnamedMittens Bohemia literally means Czechia
Can confirm that i also don't like "Czech Republic" just because we are a republic doesn't mean we need it in our country name. But it shouldn't be called Czechia neither because Moravia and Silesia are upset about it. Even when it's connected its small country anyway which is reason why is it one state because alone they wouldn't be complete.
What if my great great great great grandfather shot yours
"International Pressure" also know as "British Empire".
@@fyrdman2185 anglos are basically Germans so somebody already made that point & It went bad for everybody
@@fyrdman2185 if you‘re hyper nationalistic seeing cities like Manchester and Leicester must hurt like hell these days
@@fyrdman2185 Homophopic and Racist? Most bri'ish thing ever, am I right mate?
@@fyrdman2185 jesus there are people on youtube that are just unafraid to be openly racist huh
@@fyrdman2185 did i say that he wasnt racist? No
"I love it when a plan comes together." - Helmuth Karl Bernhard von Moltke
That man is nothing short of a military genius
Well he won to a tiny army and then he suddenly become a genius.
@@someguyfromarcticfreezer6854 He was.
@@23GreyFox I didn't know this GIANT denmark is superpower?
@@someguyfromarcticfreezer6854 What you think about him doesn't matter, he was a military genius. But i can see from you comment, that you don't know anything about him nor what he did to earn that title.
*_Prussia Gloria intensifying._*
earrape version
Sorry Preußens Gloria is only written during the next War
Actually the Koniggratz March
Denmark: TURN OFF YOUR STUPID MUSIC SPONGEBOB
(Insert random Danish patriotic music earrape)
* *koniggratz marsch intensifies* *
DUN DUN DUN DUN DUN
It's funny, I didn't know previously the title of the music... I just had heard it in Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade during the Nazi parade/book burning scene. So I heard it playing here and was like "WTF?!?" Yay learning things! :)
@Policecar search it up
@Policecar czcams.com/video/uMZDEuiq8nQ/video.html
"All I have to do is squeeze"
Hate to point it out, but Italy unified in 1861, but the map shows only the pre unification borders
That is correct, we were late with that. Thanks!
Maybe, Italy never "unified". *X-files thame Music begins to play*
@@fristnamelastname5549 there is more truth into this sentence than what you may think
@@andreacasarico1417 An Italian officer told me that Italy was in fact two nations. North of Rome and South of Rome. I must confess, I only know the Lega Nord, but news about Italian politics is absent in northern Europe.
@@ronaldderooij1774 hahaha who told you that? If "was" refers to the past, we are going back to the longobards in the north and the Byzantines In the South. After that, there were many more nations dividing Italy. If "was" had to be a "is", then I guess your Italian officer is either a member of the lega nord (you talked of nations and article 1 of the statute of the lega nord declares the intention of splitting Italy into two nations) or he is referring to the last election, where the country got clearly divided in two (but here the word nation is wrong). In any case I agree that in northern Europe news about Italy are often wrong and sometimes hilariously fictional (I know as I am living abroad and I have to debunk lots of myths). Truth is that Italy is an extremely heterogeneous country that still shows to this day it's city state past. This can be seen from the architecture, the culture, the food, the traditions, the economy, the language (indeed Italy is the country in Europe with the highest linguistic diversity - 8000+ languages/dialects. We use the hands because until the 50s Italian was a language spoken only by a minority of the population and until fascism, schools taught Italian as a second language. In all of this, hands are a good way to understand one another, since everyone spoke a different language), and countless other things.
3:00 Amish Secession war , Circa: 1870 colorized
*circa 2019
"Amish Paradise" by Weired Al intensed XD
Finally, the Prusso-Austrian war! You just made my day. Thank you! And don't worry about the late upload.
Thanks for watching!
Is my nephew next?
Shut up m8.
VIVE LE ROI
how are you still living?
Failure of a nephew
Narrow ETT My nephew is an administrator, not a militarist.
@@napoleonibonaparte7198 Yet he led his forces in battle and got his ass captured.
I lived in Koniggratz for a year as a med student. :) It's local name is Hradec Kralove and it's part of the Czech Republic. A beautiful city of a little over 100k inhabitants and many foreign students.
I would just like to say. What a good video. Seriously you capture history in such vivid imagery with smooth explanation that gives you a real atmosphere of what is going on. It makes such history content complimented by great story telling.
Plus I’m a long subscriber and I see how much your graphics are improving. Like that transition mid battle into the tw camera view of the units firing.
Thank you :-)
In the end, the main causes of Austrian defeat were worse equipment and terrible mess in administration. There is a museum (Museum of Eastern Bohemia, Muzeum Východních Čech), where is big exposition about this battle. Pretty good, I was there myself. I recommend to visit. :)
actually if you see, their commander commit too many mistakes, like gave shit about the hills and his flanks, as well as have commited nothing of his reserves
@@omarbradley6807 There was more to it. The whole administration fell apart. The commanders were overconfident, confusing orders from more sides. Some from Vienna, some from Moltke, some from other high ranked officers. :) Total mess.
Napoleon III believed that Austria would either win or they and the Prussians would beat each other up very badly, so he stayed neutral. He clearly underestimated Prussia and misjudged Austria's actual military strength (especially in leadership). It ended up costing him more than he could ever imagine.
incredible how the Prussians managed to win that battle so decicively when the Austrians had such awesome positions.
Austrian still using muzzle loading rifle while prussia already armed with dreyser rifle.
Old good incompetence on Austrian side
hello from czech republic!
It was biggest battle (in number of soldiers) fought on our territory.We make reenactment of this battle.
Oh yeah, I am perpetually annoyed that all these wars happened in Czechia.
@@KingsandGenerals why?
@@ragnarososo well, the land was ravaged and it wasn't good for the local population.
as every war.
I too, as a Pole, can`t really watch this without being annoyed... :( I mean, our two occupants fighting on the lands of our Southern Bretheren... kinda like watching two rapists fighting over who will get the girl... Mixed feeling, to put it mildly
Not to mention it is not very far from where i live... Yeah, "Annoyed" would be good word
@Kings and Generals, I wanted to thank you for these amazing videos and history lessons. It's great to see CZcams channels taking the reigns of what used to be the History channel back in the early 2000s before they sold out to garbage entertainment. Channels like yours are a highlight for how much good can come from a service like CZcams. Please keep the videos coming! Liked, love, and subscribed.
Welcome aboard and thanks for the kind words!
👏👏👏
I'm thinking Total War: Empire II should be set in this era.
There should be Total War: Victoria.
The theme music dou at the end of the video :D
That would be interesting. Imagine doing the Second Opium War as well (the one where the French under Napoleon III joined forces with Britain and smashed China). THAT was one of the craziest conflicts of that era. China literally did everything they could to infuriate the Europeans: Torturing diplomats, seizing British vessels, and even executing a French Christian missionary.
@@KingsandGenerals Indeed there should. Imagine this opening line: "I am Victoria, ruler of Britain, mightiest nation alive. Our name is respected by allies, and terrifying to foes. We forever march forward to glory and triumph, around the entire world. Many an empire has come and many have gone, but the sun never sets on BRITAIN'S Empire!"
This is truly terrific channel. Thank you for your wonderful content.
Thank you for watching!
A poll: "What is this battle called in your country?"
- In mine (Czech Rep.) it's I'd say 75% of the time Battle of Hradec Králové (Königgrätz) and 25% of the time Battle of Sadová (Sadowa).
Fun fact: Hradec Králové's German name is actually wrong. To properly reflect the meaning of the Czech one, it would have to be called "Königingrätz". "Hradec" means very much just a town, village or whatever, while "Králové" means "belonging to the Queen Consort", as Hradec Králové (along with multiple other towns such as Mělník, Dvůr Králové or Trutnov) were the so called "věnná města" (dowry towns), as in the middle ages they were royal holdings pretty much owned, run and taxed by each current Queen Consort.
really like the presentation. whst kind of software do you use for that? keep it up!
I really love the animations in this channel! This is the first video I've watched and I become instant subscriber!
Welcome aboard!
I like the fact that you just don't talk about how the battle was fought, but also why.
Keep it up!
8:40 - that moment when the Koniggratzer Marsch plays, you know shit's about to go bad for the Austrians.
This was a pretty interesting video to watch. I found it to be quite informative. Nice job to whoever made this video a reality.
Very nice work kings and generals, i have been following your videos for a long time and every video we saw the improvements, congratulations
Really happy to hear that :-)
Superb production quality! What a great channel!
The music at around 4:00 is so epic. Love to see their quality steadily improving with every video
Thank you!
@@KingsandGenerals What is the title of that music ??
Just subscribed. High quality video, very entertaining with fantastic narration. Best in the game.Keep up the good work.Great respect from Iran.
Welcome aboard!
Thanks so much for another episode. I always look forward to your new videos; they're more addictive than Game of Thones.
No Problem we were Waiting Patiently . Another Fantastic Video
Thanks!
Great video :) i even did a study on the austro-prussian war last year :) i love the implementation of the "Koniggratzer march" :)
Thank you!
It is wierd to see the small and insignificant village where i live (Lochenitz) in your video :D It has only 600 inhabitants and it was pillaged during this battle. There are monuments of this battle nearly everywhere.
That empire total war main theme in the end of video, give me nostalgia....
Great video, great analysis. I got pleasure! Thank you, K&G!
Thank you! :-)
Thanks for this video, greetings from Austria!
Greeting and thanks for watching!
I didn't know much about this part of history. Thank you for showing us less known parts of history.
Great video man.... I have been eagerly waiting for the videos of glorious wars fought by Germany... Great job... Keep it up
One of the best videos I've ever seen in my life
K&G, You are the best
Thank you very much!
The Dawn of German grandeur. (Using a french term is quite ironic)
France invented everything. Nothing ironic about it.
In the 19th century, French was very en vouge in Germany. Every educated German was expected to be fluent in it, like English today.
@@TheWhiteFaction no china invented Everything. Paper, gunpowder, compass, porcelain, printing press...
@@Perrirodan1 no. The downfall for the country was kaiser Willhelm's failed Foreign Policy with russia.
Its actually not really ironic if you think about that the french language originated from a German dialect spoken by the German tribe of the Franks who created France.
Very cool! My 5th and 6th grandfathers were in the Prussian army at this time. They left to America immediately after and our family still has the passage paper authorized by the Prussian king allowing us to leave the country.
Very cool! I love when the stories we tell resonate with our viewers. :-)
would be cool if you could show us a picture of the passage. (name blotted if necessary)
Great video as always my friends !
that painting of the battle of Solferino is just so awesome!
Marvellous I look forward to enjoy a video on the Italian unification,thanks kings and general.:D
Thanks for watching :-)
The battle in my town between Bavaria/German Confederacy and Prussian forces took place during this war. The Battle of Kissingen.
Amazing to see how complex these battles get...
Excellent video, as always.
Thanks for watching!
"The Goddess of Victory is waving her underwear in your faces" ~Bittenfeld.
True quote, look it up.
I love how u play in the Königgrätzer Marsch at the exact right moment xd
Love the detail. Definitely stepped it up this time. 👍🏽
Thank you!
Great Video! Really beautifully done!
Thank you very much! :-)
I can't point out how much I love your work. However, I'd like to give my personal humble opinion and maybe people agree:
I think it's better if you finish a series rather than starting a new one. Even though the content is astonishing, I lose track of the events that you talked about, when you resume a series you "interrupted" with another.
Keep up the good work!
Hey there! :-) Thank you for your kind words! We have patreon requests to fulfill, otherwise, we are also eager to finish our series - remember, it is easier to research a series than write a completely new script.
In the video, it looks like there wasn't any cavalry in the Battle of Königgrätz. I assume you just didn't mention it because it didn't have any major role in the Battle, right?
A few times the Austrian cavalry tried to change the battle, it basically has run into a meatgrinder. It happened twice towards the end of the battle.
@@KingsandGenerals Thanks, I must say I'm really tempted to try Victoria TW after this video.
@Leo Jansen A very bold claim that can be easily disproven. Cavalry still had it's role and still managed to have a major impact on wars and battles even in the XX century.
@Leo Jansen It had it's glories even later.
@Leo Jansen On easter frontiers It was still commonly used. Frontire was not a line trenches there. During Barbarossa operation, German started even to recreate some of cavalery units.
I love you guys, I am truly fascinated in the German unification wars and the wars leading up to ww1
Thanks for the great video.
Slight error in the transcription of your quote the "not determined by its liberalism, but by its power" got a bit mangled. As it just says "not by its power".
I saw skalitz...... sorry wrong period
I feel quite hungry
Henry's come to visit!
Sorry Skalice/Skalitz is very common Czech toponym. It means a rocky place. Henry's Skalitz is south of Prague, this Skalitz is to the NE of Prague.
Actually full name of this town is Böhmisch Skalitz (Česká Skalice) 🙂 The one from the game is Silber Skalitz (Stříbrná Skalice) 😁
Loll KCD
Love the channel and its content! More videos about the German and Italian unification wars?
Yep, more planned!
Best and interesting video you released you got there keep that topic going
We will return to it!
Very good video as always! Just a small mistake: the Wallachian 1848 revolution did not take place in Moldova as you are presenting, it took place in the south in the proximity of Bucharest! Keep up the good work!
Thank you! I know that, I just failed to find a proper image for the Moldovan uprising and decided to put the sign over the general area. Not the best decision of my life. :-)
Bismarck: iron and blood, who the heck is denerys
Great video! Thanks!
I see you used my assets for VTW in this video. It would've been nice to be notified of this. Cool to see them used this way.
I caught a typo that I think you guys should strongly consider correcting. In Otto von Bismark's quote it reads, "The position of Prussia will not be decided by its power..." It should read, "The position of Prussia will not be decided by its liberalism, but by its power..."
Yep, that was our mistake
Just saying but I found out something very interesting and what i found out is that in Prussian Second Calvary Divisions 3rd Light Brigade was a regiment known as the 3rd Prussian Dragoon’s and one of the captains of the 3rd Prussian Dragoon’s was a man named Johann Heinrich August Heros von Borcke and in 1862 he was having financial difficulties and the difficulties forced him to emigrate to the Confederate states of America and so when he arrived in America he made his way to Richmond Virginia where he was given the rank of captain in the Provincial army of the confederate states on June 1st 1862 and was assigned to the Confederate Calvary Division under James Ewell Brown Stuart aka JEB Stuart and in August of 1862 he was promoted to Major and in 1863 in the battle of Middleburg he suffered a significant wound to his neck which left him incapacitated throughout the rest of 1863 but he returned to service in1864 and he was present for the death of JEB Stuart at the Battle of Yellow Tavern and in December of 1864 he was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel and then he was sent on a Diplomatic mission to Great Britain and in 1866 he returned to Prussia and he fought in the Austro-Prussian war on the staff of Prince Friedrich Karl Nicholas of Prussia and Von Borcke received the Order of the Red Eagle for his Gallantry.
Thanks for the video kings 👍
Thanks for watching!
Excellent episode
"I hate krauts who disagree with me but I hate other countries even more" t. Otto von Bismarck
Bismark was funny that way he wanted it all
@@jimvolk9911 he was disgusting
@@dolor3316 No u
i had plans to study then i saw a notification from kings and generals
u know the rest of the comment :)
Dude, go study, the video will still be here :-)
same, I'm addicted
U are actually studying here too just not the thing u had to study for xd
Great video, As usual
I’m cramming for a test on Austrian history that will start in around 7 hours. This is awesome, thank you so much
Good luck!
Thank you!
*Would be amazing to see the Franco-Prussian war.*
I love these Empire: Total War songs and forts
Nice history video with clearly explaining
thank you for the great video!
thanks for watching!
As someone who is about to wrap up a Master's degree in Defense and Strategic Studies, and who is currently researching the development of the Prussian/German general staff under von Moltke, your videos do a great job at putting the strategies used and developed by von Moltke, and before his Clausewitz, into an easy to see visual. Really great and informative videos!
Whenever someone uses credentials before making a point you can bet they will not say anything worth any merit on its own
My two-times great grandfather August Lustig fought for the Prussians at this battle. I one day hope to visit the place where it happened.
Lol that 8:48 transition from the dramatic soundtrack to the Königgratzer Marsch was hilarious.
Amazing! As always :)
Thank you :-)
Could you do the Russo-Turkish and Russo-Persian wars?
We will!
Russio persian??? I wasnt know there was war russo persian war
@@jeffjeff5719 How do you think Russians got Armenia or Azerbaijan then lol
@@jacket6868 Armenia was under ottoman control but i totally forget about azerbaijan i dont hear any news from that country
@@jeffjeff5719 russian armenia/Eastern armenia was under Persian rule and current Eastern turkey is Western armenia
Hope i get to see some scandinavian action here. Swedish wars were especially interesting.
We'll get there!
Kalmar Union is absolutely amazing.
Freaking Pirates vs. Crusaders on the sidelines!
Polish deluge ?
Swedish involvement in the 30 years war would be interesting. In the area of Germany where I live there are still many castles and churches that the Swedes built when they were here.
Great vid! Enjoyed it, do more.
You would, wouldn't you? :-)
Fantastic video! As always. Any thoughts about doing a video about the third crusade? Richard the lionhearted and Saladin are fantastic minds in military history.
I just wanna ask: How do civillians die in these kinds of wars even though the European powers were pretty much focused on fighting in rural areas, I am aware they fought in cities, but how was collateral damage possible in the the 19th century?
As an indirect source (not in Europe), during the battle of Gettysburg, one civilian was killed. She was cooking in her kitchen when a bullet flew in and shot her. I'm sure similar scenarios happen in 19th century Europe, since villiages are often fought for between the belligerents. (the villages themselves may not be important, but their positions on the map are, so armies fight for them all the time)
Go Prussia! Hell yeah! The Germans were awesome between Napoleon and WWI!
theres nothing awesome in declaring wars and killing countless people for their powerhungry ambitions. fuck prussia and bismarck
@@dolor3316 hungry of power? What about the americans, british, and french are they not wanted to rule the world also?
@@mervenchrismaputi2436 Americans at the time didn’t no.
@@michaelterrell5061 Manifest Destiny: Am I a joke to you?
This channel is amazing WITHOUT the overbearing music
CHRISTMAS IS EARLY THIS YEAR!!!!!!!!
PERFECTION AND ENTERTAINMENT IN ONE HELL YEAH
Damn, the part about Bismark speech give me a chill for how awesome it sounds.
He was so cool,they named a Battleship after him,one that outclassed THE ENTIRE ROYAL NAVY
Man it is so hard to find anything about that battle
It is!
Where are your sources from?
Kind of funny how two of the greatest European march tunes were written during these two unification wars or so. The Austrians wrote the world famous Radetsky March to honor the heroic general who put down the Italian revolt against them.
Awesome video
wooooow great work! thank you!
Thanks for watching :-)
I really love the video but I have noticed a tiny error with spelling. It's spelled Stuttgart with a double t
4:27 "Bismarck had a plan. Bismarck always had a plan"
Wow... I wasn't expecting that. Good one
Thanks for watching!
Props on getting Bismarck’s quote correct iron and blood not blood and iron! The accuracy here is supreme!