New Genetic Clues to the Mystery of Your Giant Brain
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- čas přidán 31. 05. 2018
- Big-brained scientists have found the mechanism that may have allowed their brains (and all humans') to get so big.
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Sources:
www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0...
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www.eurekalert.org/emb_releas...
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www.uva.nl/en/profile/j/a/f.m....
The trick is to take your points off all your other stats and dump them all into INT. Be careful not to miss any or you end up with something like an orangutan build.
thats some TierZoo material
Did you mean: Stephen Hawking
@Banana Pie, eh. Not as much as other apes, in fact we're the weakest primate, most of our bulk went into the head. More went into the legs. (As our bodies have evolved for savannha endurance runnin') And depending on your sex, the upper-body (males) or the womb and such birth giving systems. (Females.)
Yeah, compared to other mammals and especially other primates of similar size, humans have high intelligence and endurance stats, but relatively low strength stats. Also pretty subpar natural weaponry, though luckily the high intelligence stat results in better crafted items.
But put some in stamina so we can roll as many times as we want
I like big brains and i can not lie
Paul Paulson - Do you know that there is different Brain size amongst the races?
Is this a RACISM? AHHHHHHHHHHHHGGG
James Raddon - Nope, it's a fact!
ANT BRAINS MATTER
James Celts did you know that that’s actually not exactly correct and at best a huge overgeneralization? Brain size varies by the individual, and even the term brain size is a bit open to interpretation, do you mean brain mass, or brain volume, or brain surface area, if you mean volume, that’s kind of pointless, someone could have a much denser brain. Take your phrenology back to the 1800s.
Giving this to apes probably wouldn't do much more than create disabled apes. Humans have a lot of other adaptations for having big brains.
It didn't disable us when we got it. Just saying, who knows unless we try. It's probly won't make them that smart but it would probably get them half way there, possibly?
that is true, changes in this gene usually causes disabilities like macrocephaly. and a macrocephalic person is not smarter than you, they have a lot of neurological problems. to copy this gene and it work as intended we would first need to figure out what genes we need to turn on and off to make sure everything is working properly. after all, primates had millions of years to develop into fully working humans with many trials and errors.
though... I won't deny that we will never know unless we try. as always, more research is needed.
Indeed, people forget our bodies are built to handle these brains. Thanks to natural selection.
Ironically, because they have "small" brains.
We have a bigger brain to remember all the memes
*rememeber
sipes55 haha.. get out
"haha.. get out"
*_8 minutes ago (edited)_*
Drone Soldier Wow congratulations, you were so focused on correcting me you didn’t even get that they were saying *reMEMEber*... I edited it before anyone ever commented
Carl The llama CAAAAAAARRRRLLLL
WHAT HAVE YOU DONE NOW?
Finally! After seeing a bunch of cool animals with genes that let them do crazy things, it's our turn! Got a gene that grows our brains huge!
Everyone seems to think we should splice this gene into apes, when obviously we should put it into cats.
Massimo O'Kissed +
Cats are already plotting to take over the world in secret, they already control the internet and CZcams evident from all those cat videos, they are brainwashing cat propaganda meant to prepare us for the coming of our cat masters, they don't need any help XD
#SERVANTOFPHAROH
Massimo O'Kissed we must do this to secure the good graces of Isis and Bastet
dogs, obviously. they're loyal and love us. cats are utilitarian: they only appreciate that we care for them. if they got smart, they'd try to take over.
Thus, taking the "feature not a bug" thing to another level.
Maybe that will explain why notch’s game was so popular
atm12 ..........................leave
Javier Powell I can’t tell if that sarcasm or salt
atm12 saltcasm
Javier Powell nice
mwalsher no it was a joke kid.
Could you do a video on how we lost them?
Thank for the knowledge scishow love yall
Great Job! You got it! The next time I get asked to present this work, I feel like I should just show this video.
Best SciShow episode EVER!!
*totally not biased*
A small correction: they did not come across them while they were performing experiments on organoids but they performed experiments on organoids to understand the role of these genes, these genes have been chosen thanks to bioinformatics methods because they are human specific genes and because they are placed in a chromosic region in which genetic mutations are associated with different neurodevelopmental disorders.
awesome video keep it up
I was hoping they would be talking about the Stoned Ape Hypothesis.
I wonder if this discoveri can prevent Deletions and other head deformign disabilities in the future and I know the royal families would like it very much
Super cool video! But do you have one explaining more about these stem cell orginoids? Because those things sound freakin cool!
Quite an interesting find
Wow !!!😊,thank yiu sci show
A lot of people in the comments keep talking about diet as a cause of large brains, but I think that sustained the larger brains rather than causing them.
Australopithecus had a brain roughly equivalent to that of a Chimpanzee. The major difference between them was, obviously, that the hominid was bipedal. This is significant because while other apes can and do create and use tools, they are for the most part quadrupedal, and so it is difficult for them to carry tools with them when they travel long distances. When the ancestors of humans began walking upright, it freed our hands to carry things.
This fundamentally changed the way we could use tools, as the ability to carry tools with us over long distances meant that tools no longer had to be so temporary, and so it meant it was worth it to spend more time creating ever more refined tools to assist us in survival. Naturally, the more intelligent you are, the more thought you can put into creating tools, which means that the ones you create are more effective at helping you survive.
I've been digging around my brain for a while now looking for a Notch/Minecraft joke but my brain is simply too big making it difficult to find it.
brainmeats is thicc
Now we figure out how to make the fourth set functional and see what happens.
Is that how Zika caused microcephaly? Were the viruses deleting parts of notch2nl?
Johnny Li Possibly
Nope!
I tried to look up and it seems the Zika affects proliferation of brain stem cells itself instead of affecting how they develop. but it seems there are still a lot of uncertainty about how the Zika virus affects the organism.
The Zika virus acts by making your neural cells are tumors by activating the p53 pathway. This makes the cells actively kill themselves to eliminate the "tumorous" cells from the body.
could we activate the 4th notch2nl? and would it be beneficial?
Why stop there? If they can activate one they might as well create 10 new ones. All of the sudden super humans are created that will evolve beyond being greedy and selfish like the rest of mankind.
It would most likely be possible, but it would probably increase the brain size by quite a bit, which might not even work in humans. If it did work, humans who have 4 of the genes might have a decreased lifetime, as a larger brain would require a lot more energy and oxygen which would be hard to supply at old age.
Probably not. They said that extra copies causes macrocephaly and other learning disabilities.
I don't think so, in my genetics unit we learnt all about gene dosage. The products of the human genome are very balanced and people with down syndrome disabilities and other chromosomal conditions are often a side effect of 'triplosensitivity', where the amount of product produced from the extra gene is double (due to an extra working chromosome), thus the ratio is 2:1 rather than 1:1. There's also haplosufficient where there isn't enough product produced (happens with turner syndrome).
MrCribbss Along with what Sebastian Stark said, there is a theory that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are in part caused by a lack of synaptic pruning that we all go through during our childhood/teenage years. So, more neurons doesn't necessarily mean it would be a good thing.
Wow that explains a lot
does this means we can create sentient animals now?
the talking dog dream is real now
screwless h killer whales probably as smart as us and still don't want to talk in our language...
I see no reason to believe that non-human animals are not sentient. I'm baffled anyone can think that, actually.
Tarmir G are you implying that 2d talking dogs would be better then 3d talking ones
You mean episode.
Imagine how weird a dog would look with this massive oversized head compared to it's body, and how annoying it would be for a dog to be as smart as a human but to have to walk around on all fours, to not be able to pick things up with anything but it's mouth and to have to eat food and drink water from a bowl on the ground.
And not be able to play any kind of video/computer game, again because of the lacking in dexterous digits, and watching TV with 1/3 less colour.
I've heard that part of the reason for our big brains was a genetic 'defect' in our species that resulted in much smaller and weaker jaws than our ancestors who's potential brain size was restricted by the structures needed to anchor the jaw muscles.
I got a little distracted at the beginning of the video by the idea of making a youtube video of writing a piano concerto on the moon, which is basically the sum of all my life's aspirations.
We need to insert this into Sharks as quickly as possible, I saw a movie where they said this would be a good idea.
all i can think about now is activating more of this gene in our children to make them smarter. is that possible/a good idea?
NO!
Saw the title and all I could think was:
We got, big, brains, and I cannot lie...
0:39 rolled my eyes at that name 😒
Congo on 5 million..
This is a ground breaking .
Myself, yelling at 0:45:
Please don't shove that one in anything!
and thanks to the notch gene humans eventually made minecraft
This is how the intelligent rodent uprising starts...
*I for one will obey our Pinky/Brain overlords and I never said otherwise!!!*
Man i love science ❤️
The Jean Genie lives on his back
The Jean Genie loves chimney stacks
He's outrageous, he screams and he bawls
*ponders all the different animals we could put this gene into*
INTELLIGENT BEARS!
*waits for the extinction of humanity*
We kill people just for having different skin tones, I'm sure we would somehow screw them over too
Random question but if scientists were to artificially “turn on” that forth gene would that make the supposed subject smarter?
Can you do a video about hht hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
My brain farted for a second and I thought he meant that organoids were small organs, like, the instrument. Now I feel only dissappintment
Swelling from all the irresistible memes
Can we activate the 4th copy?
So if they put notch2nl in brain organoids of other primates, would they get something more similar to human brain tissue?
Rufioh Possibly. Sadly, we have to wait for someone to try it.
Hmm 🤔 you say we're smart yet I just panicked because I couldn't find my phone... which is in my hand playing this video... lol
Can we activate the fourth one, that is not working? what would happen?
Smallbrain't
Amitav Mostafa dumbn't
Amitav Mostafa I think not
Amitav Mostafa Primitiven't
Can someone please explain this meme to me? I've seen it a lot recently but I have no idea where it came from.
I wonder what would happen if this gene was somehow turned off in someone?
He'll become president
Paul Paulson dude... yes
Paul Paulson Take these two Internets, you deserve them.
Beetlejuice from Howard Stern
Microcephaly, my dude.
Any idea what might occur if that fourth copy were reactivated? Maybe through trial and error nature found that it was at detrimental to have any more.
The Naboo think they so smart, they think their brain's so big.
When the tide pod trend was alive, those people who consumed it were missing a NOTCH2NL gene
So this is how the human was literally mind-blown.
Engineer supersmart animals now! GOGO!
sooo how do we unlock the 4th?
Are we getting closer to a possible gene or protein therapy for embryos whose DNA screenings are positive for possible disorders like microcephaly? Would the protein have to be present from the beginning of brain development, or can it be added later, and if so, how much later?
IWillNotConform This is cutting edge news. Give it time and we will find out!
Put this into cats and we get Felinids of Carlos McConnel
What about neotenics?
Noah Stevens +
Editeble with CRISPR for humans with bigger brains?
Now, how can I get that fourth copy working?!
My immediate reaction was to think that we should start sticking this gene into other animals' genomes to see what happens. Does this make me a mad scientist?
this vídeo could have been such fun, but theres that Guy Who isnt the skinny tall one...
Announced yesterday? It's dated May 31st 2018...
funny and ironic how it's mostly made of water and oil
I'm pretty sure that if and when a 4th functional copy in humans occurs, the only side effects would be a bigger head, larger eyes and turn our skin green!
If we have a 4th one my question is what would happen if it turned on also?
That's interesting, I know a couple of people whose brains got smaller
So, if we make the 4th copy functinal it's not working because other genes to support it aren't there, right?
I wonder who will first find these and modify them to make people that are born after 12 months but are much smarter.
I can't help but wonder if activating the fourth instance of the gene would result in highly intelligent humans with a larger instance of developmental disorders than current rates. Or would the activation of the fourth gene sequence only result in developmental disorders with no further increase in neural growth.
Cool
Wasn't due to a big black monolith ?
nobody will get this :)
Dave might get it.
Big black what?
Heads Tails 2001 Space Odessy references i see
Give this gene to every animal on earth
Now they just have to figure out why so many of us humans with these 'big-brains' have absolutely no idea how to use them properly!?!
And kind of 'recently' we found an easy way to edit genomes. There's a few highly unethical experiments about to happen in some parts of the world.
Would be interesting to know if the megalencephaly associated with too many copies of NOTCH2NL is pathological and if so, how and why.
can you imagine being the 1st person with this mutation?
what would happen if we tuned the forth one back on
And our brain is getting smaller and more efficient X)
Is intelligence related to brain size/vol? If probably so, how is it measured?
How do you even check an animals gene? How do you EVEN DECODE THE ACTG code?
This is lacking in a couple ways. 1) From a cursory glance at the abstract of the paper referenced in this video, it seems that NOTCH2NL doesn't account for a larger baseline neuron count as this video suggests, but rather for a greater rate/upregulation of neuronal proliferation and neurogenesis; 2) It's widely accepted that specifically human behaviors and cognition aren't due merely to a matter of brain size or even number of neurons, but rather to the number of connections/synapses between neurons and therefore greater interneuronal connectivity; 3) You do not mention other genes that are known for years to have influenced human brain development and cognition, like FOXP2.
So, what would happen if we turned that fourth copy on?
So was it shrooms or nah?
Nah.
Insert brain expanding meme here.
Wonder what the genes are for other intelligent animals, like corvus, whales, elephants, pigs, african grey parrots, and what about bonobos or baby abes, maybe the 4th notch is an epigene.
What would happen if the fourth became active?
can someone help me find an episode about how dogs retained young wolf pup features ?
Wow, just one little regulator did that?
So, not saying this is a good idea...but what if the same sort of event happened to Pandas or Kangaroos?
Our skulls have to finish a lot of the work inside the mom. They spit out weird meaty gummi bears with most of the brain happening later.
I actually am totally on team Mojo-Panda and DO think it's a better idea than the status quo. So yeah, let's do this, Science!
Maybe the pandas would become smart enough to not die out.
Maybe eat something other than nutritionless bamboo for a change.
Maybe remember that they are in the group carnivorae.
The capacity for kangaroos and pandas to have larger brains than us is there. They don't have the bottlenecks we do, name birth canal size.
It already does kind of happen. (Brain developing outside the womb) Babies have the brain "trunk" done the rest is grown outside the body. It's a good thing too, because of this we could evolve a brain that is highly adaptable to the environment around it and can learn easier than other animal babies that have fully developed brains. In fact, our brains crave learning, it's why we have a sensation called "boredom" that makes us need interesting things. And it's why children are so nosy.
Who we are and how we do things (that isn't instinct.) is based on our life experiences because of this new learning ability. When our brains have fully developed as an adult this, what we call our personality is pretty much set and like learning most things when you are and old adult, hard to manipulate.
It likely evolved because it worked for our species, our species is a social species so this learning ability, a social learning ability, allows us to learn how to better fit in with others. It likely combined with our increased capability to make more complex societies of course.
What about dolphins and whales do they have the gene?
The annunaki gave us big brains
It was a mistake - Flying Spaghetti Monster
don't you dare give that compliment, mine is as small as a pea
Could we put these genes in animals and make pinkie and the brain?
Irony at its finest. Brains can't figure out their own origins.
One step closer to gattaca?
splice notch2nnl genes into other animals? artificially add more into other animals?
I guess the notch is useful afrer all
4:12 feature or bug?