All Leaders of Former Communist States in Europe
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- čas přidán 8. 06. 2023
- The Eastern Bloc, once separated Europe with an "iron curtain" for more than 40 years, has been a symbol of freedom and modernization for some while tyranny and oppression for others. Its members included Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, USSR, and formerly, Albania and Yugoslavia. Now, let's take a look at our comrades that once led these nations under the Red banner of socialism and Communism.
Common Questions Asked
Q1: Why did you show Bolesław Bierut from 1944-1947 when Władysław Gomułka was the first secretary?
A1: Because party leadership was not still recognized as a source of authority during the time Poland was under a provisional government.
Q2: Why did you show the leaders of some countries that are still on their monarchical or non-Communist republican phases?
A2: Because they are already de facto governed by the Communists or had transitioned enough that the Communists had gained more power than the democratic government (non-Communist politicians): the Bulgarian People's Uprising of 9 September in 1944, the first Communist-dominated cabinet of the Kingdom of Romania led by Petru Groza in 1945, and the Hungarian Communist coup d'etat of 1947. As for Czechoslovakia, while Klement Gottwald was the PM from 1946-1948, President Edvard Beneš was still the de facto leader at that time.
Q3: Why did you show the party leaders instead of the heads of state in your video?
A3: Because in Communist states, the hierarchy of authority is as follows: party leader (such as first/general secretary), head of government (such as chairman of the council of ministers or premier), and head of state (such as chairman of the council/presidium).
List of Leaders of Albania:
Prime Minister (1944-1946)
First Secretary (1946-1991)
1. Enver Hoxha (1944-1985)
2. Ramiz Alia (1985-1991)
List of Leaders of Bulgaria:
Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1944-1946)
Chairman of the B.K.P. (1946-1948)
First Secretary (1954-1981)
General Secretary (1981-1990, 1948-1954)
1. Kimon Georgiev (1944-1946)
2. Georgi Dimitrov (1946-1949)
3. Valko Chervenkov (1949-1954)
4. Todor Zhivkov (1954-1989)
5. Petar Mladenov (1989-1990)
List of Leaders of Czechoslovakia:
Chairman of the K.S.Č. (1948-1953)
First Secretary (1953-1971)
General Secretary (1971-1989)
1. Klement Gottwald (1948-1953)
2. Antonín Novotný (1953-1968)
3. Alexander Dubček (1968-1969)
4. Gustáv Husák (1969-1987)
5. Miloš Jakeš (1987-1989)
6. Karel Urbánek (1989)
List of Leaders of East Germany:
Chairman of the S.E.D. (1949-1950)
First Secretary (1953-1976)
General Secretary (1976-1989, 1950-1953)
1. Otto Grotewohl (1949-1950)
2. Walter Ulbricht (1950-1971)
3. Erich Honecker (1971-1989)
4. Egon Krenz (1989)
List of Leaders of Hungary:
Deputy Prime Minister/De Facto Leader (1947-1949)
First Secretary (1953-1985)
General Secretary (1985-1989, 1949-1953)
Chairman of the Presidency of the M.S.Z.M.P. (1989)
1. Mátyás Rákosi (1947-1956)
2. Ernő Gerő (1956)
3. János Kádár (1956-1988)
4. Károly Grósz (1988-1989)
5. Rezső Nyers (1989)
List of Leaders of Poland:
President of the K.R.N. (1944-1947)
General Secretary (1948-1954)
First Secretary (1954-1989, 1947-1948)
1. Bolesław Bierut (1948-1956, 1944-1947)
2. Edward Ochab (1956)
3. Władysław Gomułka (1956-1970, 1947-1948)
4. Edward Gierek (1970-1980)
5. Stanisław Kania (1980-1981)
6. Wojciech Jaruzelski (1981-1989)
List of Leaders of Romania:
President of the Council of Ministers (1945-1947, 1954-1955)
First Secretary (1955-1965, 1948-1954)
General Secretary (1965-1989, 1947-1948)
1. Petru Groza (1945-1947)
2. Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (1947-1965)
3. Nicolae Ceaușescu (1965-1989)
List of Leaders of Russia/Soviet Union:
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (1917-1924)
General Secretary (1924-1952, 1966-1990)
Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1952-1953)
First Secretary (1953-1966)
President (1990-1991)
1. Vladimir Lenin (1917-1924)
2. Joseph Stalin (1924-1953)
3. Georgy Malenkov (1953)
4. Nikita Khrushchev (1953-1964)
5. Leonid Brezhnev (1964-1982)
6. Yuri Andropov (1982-1984)
7. Konstantin Chernenko (1984-1985)
8. Mikhail Gorbachev (1985-1991)
List of Leaders of Yugoslavia:
President of the N.K.O.J. (1943-1944)
Prime Minister (1944-1945)
General Secretary (1945-1964)
President of the S.K.J. (1964-1980)
President of the Presidency of the S.K.J. (1980-1990)
1. Josip Broz Tito (1943-1980)
2. Stevan Doronjski (1980)
3. Lazar Mojsov (1980-1981)
4. Dušan Dragosavac (1981-1982)
5. Mitja Ribičič (1982-1983)
6. Dragoslav Marković (1983-1984)
7. Ali Shukriu (1984-1985)
8. Vidoje Žarković (1985-1986)
9. Milanko Renovica (1986-1987)
10. Boško Krunić (1987-1988)
11. Stipe Šuvar (1988-1989)
12. Milan Pančevski (1989-1990)
Credits (music used):
"The Internationale (Instrumental Version)" by Pierre De Geyter (1888), first performed by the Orchestra of the Bolshoi Theatre in 1966, conducted by Gennady Rozhdestvensky, and included in the 2010 album Songs of the World Revolution, Vol. 1.
Great video, but didnt you forget Imre Nagy?
Another forgotten one is East German Wilhelm Pieck, who came before Otto Grotewohl. Though in fairness, they were only General Secretaries of the Socialist party .... the country also had Chairmen of the State Council. I guess it depends what you mean by "leader"; de facto or de jure.
He was only prime minister, not first secretary.
I am wondering when will Hollywood find it interesting to make a movie at least with one of them, to show what they did to their own people... Yes, I am naive....
Il manque la RDA!
Honnêtement et ces prédécesseurs !
@@ferencszathmary9689'the death of stalin' was quite good film
Edward Gierek, the best. Poles, to an unprecedented degree, were able to purchase desired consumer items such as compact cars, travel to the West rather freely, and even a solution to the intractable housing supply problem seemed to be on the horizon. Decades later many remembered the period as the most prosperous in their lives.
Ilusion. Check how fast Poland went into debts at that times (in comparison to previous leaders). It was almost the same strategy which is lately used for several last years in Poland.
Yugoslavia 👍👍👍👍👍👍
0:43 He looks like actor Rutger Hauer :)
BIASED VIDEO: president of Yugoslsvia 1945-1953. was IVAN RIBAR
Enver Hoxha made a state ,now everything and everyone is out of control .
Husák was until 1989?
Janez Drnovsek 13th president of SFRY
?
Only Egon Krenz is still alive
Urbánek is still alive too
1919 could be also mentioned at Hungary: Béla Kun (de facto leader) or Sándor Garbai (de iure).
0:50 bro this photo of Dubček are very SUS
Being one that lived many depicted times inside, I can say only one thing: horrible.
Great video!
Soviet Union: bald, hairy
Where is William Pieck?
I think of happy people without crime living happy in them
*Malen'kov, Gyorgy* was only *_Acting_** First Secretary of the Soviet Union*
He was premier but had no actual power
Dubcek tries to make Czechoslovakia a better state. Mean Old Russ put a stop to that.
Brezhnev Doctrine.
Te gjithe qakpirsa.
Beaucoup sont inconnus.
On ne parlais jamais des dirigeants hongrois, bulgares et albanais.
I think János Kádár was quite known also in the west back then
Живков е номер едно
With Yugoslavia , where is milosevic ?
Milosevic was president of Serbia 1987-2000.
@@pierresmith9337 Wrong. He was president of "smaller Yugoslavia" which was basically Serbia and Montenegro.
He was nazi
I think of their victims.
We also think of the victims of colonialism and American aggression after WW2
За Југославију осим Броза није тачно остало
Ostali su predsednici predsedništva SFRJ sa jednogodišnjim mandatom od maja do maja.
Samo je trebalo dovršiti niz do kraja i da zadnji bude Stipe Mesić😊
@@Dejan-gz6vz i pre njega Borisav Jović.
@@dusanpetrovic6660 Znam, zato sam samo napisao posljednjeg koji je zatvorio niz.
Prvi nakon Tita je bio Lazo Koliševski.
Quando in Europa si viveva bene !
Czechoslovakia is completely wrong.
Czechoslovakia is completely right. In communist times a de-facto leader of the country was First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and he/she did 100% correct list. You probably thinked that there should be Zápotocký or Svoboda but they were only presidents but Novotný had actually bigger power, similarily as now prime minister have executive power and not president who have mainly ceremonial role. Prime ministers were also in communist times but they were completly puppets with no powers. They just went to the harvest to show some communist prominence to the newspapers.
Criminals