How to Make a Microscope From Scratch
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- čas přidán 29. 03. 2017
- After learning how to correct my vision by making eyeglasses from scratch, now I want to learn how to use optics to extend my vision to see the invisible world with a microscope.
Thank you to foldscope with their assistance in making this possible! Check out their product here: foldscope.com
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Today, getting what you need is as easy as a trip to the store. From food to clothing, energy, medicine, and so much more, Andy George will discover what it takes to make everything from scratch. His mission is to understand the complex processes of manufacturing that is often taken for granted and do it all himself. Each week he’s traveling the world to bypass the modern supply chain in order to harvest raw materials straight from the source. Along the way, he’s answering the questions you never thought to ask.
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Give me your suggestions of what you'd like me to check out with my microscope! I'll do a video with the footage of it next week!
How To Make Everything hey
you might find some ideas on how to purifying calcium carbonate and glass by reading patents www.google.com/patents which usually had detailed information on their processes and methods.
Maybe try checking out some of those egg shells you have?
Make a bicycle!
See if you can have Cody from codyslab help you extract the impurities from your materials. Technically you would have to make a bunch of chemicals from scratch but I think that could make a really cool series.
Could you dedicate a couple of videos to perfecting your glass making?
I am also very interested in that, but I can see him getting somewhat frustrated at some point
I've been getting some interesting suggestions to solve the issues I had, so I may give them a shot and make a third attempt next week.
ok thank you!
Have you tried dissolving the eggshells in acid? You can get hydrochloric acid in hardware stores (it's called 'muriatic acid' there) for cheap. You can dissolve them with the acid and then filter out anything that doesn't dissolve, forming calcium chloride. After that, adding sodium carbonate (such as from baking soda) will convert the calcium chloride back to calcium carbonate.
Wouldn't he have to make his own hydrochloric acid and sodium carbonate?
Actually I find that these failures show even more how precise modern technology is and why it took to long to develop it.
I agree.
Im astounded by the difficulty of just making glass and how precise it has to be.
dhyanais yes more people should include the failures.
dhyanais I remember hearing that optical glass production methods used to be guarded state secrets in newtons era. It was that complex
I agree. I don't mean this as an insult at all to "How To Make Everything", but I find his failures refreshing actually. Most of the time when you see "How-to" videos on the Internet, the person is able to make the item perfectly the first time. He's a real person who is really trying to make this stuff.
At least, he has the luxury of asking experts who have knowledge and equipment for suggestions and help, and he already knows sources of the raw materials. If I imagine knowing none of this (like how the heck did people discover potash if you have to go through so many steps to get it? And THEN discover how to use it to make stuff), I can see how it would take several generations to make anything useful, especially since people still had to take care of basic survival at the same time (and deal with stupid stuff like wars and disease).
Or because there's patents involve? Just saying.
it'd be very interesting if you could try to make a flute? or other wind instruments. extract some clay, make a stone furnace, and all that, and voila a built from the ground up clay flute/ocarina!
you can make flute out of wood
Or bone, which is I believe the oldest method.
A series on musical instruments is on the top of my list to attempt next year
Bamboo Flutes are very common in India..
Mikkel Daniel Wiesner I
You should team up with *Primitive Technology* and make a survival series where you and the other guy are dumped on an island and you have to survive there for 6 months.
I don't think I'd fair as well as him; that's barely enough time for me to even make a sandwich
How To Make Everything so you can't make a sandwich for dinner but you can fly to the coast to gather water? Interesting.
Well, he begins by laying down a slice of bread. Then he flies to the coast to gather water.
Then he puts a slice of cucumber on the bread. Then he observes a glass kiln for over ten hours.
This goes on and on, until the sandwich is completed.
I'm slowly transitioning the channel into being just cat videos.
plz dont
CZcams could always use more cats :)
You should have burned the eggs shells to remove any proteins and sulphur
How To Make Everything dogs are better
How To Make Everything you should try making a knife using metal you make yourself from the iron you got in this video and extracting carbon from ocean water or something like that.
Watching the different approaches you take to making glass is fascinating, and I really don't care if you fail. It highlights how difficult it is to make something we take for granted, and it means there can be more videos with you slowly refining the method/ingredients down until you make that perfect glass! Awesome video, and I look forward to many more.
These videos have very good quality please keep the hard work up.
Can you make a battery from scratch and use it to turn on a lightbulb made from scratch?
It's on my list of future projects, but it'll require some ingredients that are outside my budget at this point unfortunately.
You could always try the oldschool Baghdad battery.
Note that you don't need a vacuum, you can maybe have a non-vacuum bulb, and then get rid of the oxygen in it. For example by dropping in a burning splint and some sort of dessicant (activated charcoal? Or your potash if you can dry the water out of it making it hygroscopic again) to get rid of the water vapor, then capping it off with something until the splint burns out all the oxygen, the dessicant eats up the water, so it's only CO2 and Nitrogen inside. Then light the bulb.
Gabe you use copper coil, lemon, potatoes, and some other ingredients.
You should be able to get the sulfur out of the shells by "roasting" them, it's used in refining ores as well, recrystallizing the potash a few times will also get rid of most impurities remaining.
I assumed the melting processes in the kiln would have burned everything off, but I guess it leaches out into the glass if you do it with everything else at that point.
Probably not, because the sulfur forms calcium sulfide with calcium oxide that is created under those high temperatures and therefore isn't burned. Consider my ideas mentioned in another comment to get rid off the sulfur and other impurities in the first place.
This channel deserves way more subs for all the effort that goes into making each of these projects
this channel makes you appreciate clear glass
this production quality on these videos is nuts. its like these could run on television and no one would bat an eye lid!
Love these optics videos!
It's incredible that, even with all the extra effort you put into purifying your ingredients, your glass is still so opaque. Based on your tries, I can't believe how the clear glass we have today has been "discovered".
Foldscope is one of the most amazing projects that I have seen in a long time. It has a lot of potential to help a lot of people.
You should have purified your resources not only more physically but in addition chemically. My ideas for the next try are as following:
Potash:
Improve the purity of the potash by multiple recrystallizations, that is, redissolving your product with the smallest possible amount of water, extract impurities and boil the water away. For nearly pure potassium nitrate you could try to find a source of saltpeter.
Calcium Carbonate (from eggshells):
Firstly, as you did, pulverize your eggshells. Then burn your powder above 800-900°C under a high oxygen atmosphere (maybe use a fan) to get rid of organic compounds (they are charred and the carbon is oxidized to carbon dioxide). This will form calcium oxide, e.g. quicklime, which is highly insoluble in water but particularly good at absorbing sulfur by forming calcium sulfide. Sadly both quicklime and calcium sulfide are highly insoluble in water, but quicklime will react quite vigorous with water to form calcium hydroxide, which is really soluble in water. Because of that, you can filter off the calcium sulfide and treat the calcium hydroxide solution by bubbling carbon dioxide through it (use your breath or mix some vinegar with uncleaned lime or eggshells) to form nearly pure calcium carbonate.
(I don't propose a treatment purely with strong acids because then he needs to make those by himself)
Silicon dioxide (from quartz sand):
Heat your sand after removing iron compounds using magnetism to get rid of organic compounds
General:
Maybe use an oxidizing agent (like saltpeter) to reduce discoloration because of transition metal compounds. Add some zinc oxide to reduce the melting point of your glass. Add some baking soda to reduce the formation of bubbles.
Thanks! I think I'll try giving these suggestions a shot!
David Strahl he could synthesize the hydrochloric acid using a water/table salt solution and a voltage source with two electrodes. it will make hydrogen gas and chlorine gas, which can be reacted to form hydrochloric acid. the leftover "salt water" can then be used for sodium hydroxide. make sure the electrodes are made from pure carbon, and no metal wires make contact with the water. You now have a powerful acid and base.
Carson Rush Indeed he could use electrolysis. Nice idea :D The hydrochloric acid could be used to dissolve acid soluble compounds in the quartz sand to reduce contamination (SiO2 won't react with HCl).
Saltpeter is easy to make, you just need rotten urine. Well, you might need it to have decayed in the ground, not sure on that. Find a stable, dig up the dirt, run hot water through it and collect it, boil off the water and that gives you mostly salt peter left over. You can extract it more efficiently by cooling it to a point that it crystallizes then straining the water off but you have to be careful of the temperature. Cant strain off frozen water ya know?
AhKeelU And you need about one year time. See the video "Making Gunpowder" by Cody's Lab for reference
Very instructive video! Do you have any idea of the radius of your glass beads made from the glass rods?
0:50 banana for scale?
9gag, reddit, or imgur?
i seriously cannot believe how a channel like you with such good content is only in the 200k subs zone, absolutely unbelievable!
For as inexpensive as those fold scopes are I gotta get one, and they're doing great work with them too. Also, awesome close up camera work when melting the glass tubes. That was cool.
9:57 HEY THATS PRETTY GOOD
It's not bad...... it's very sweet
Ayy, just watchedSteve1989!!
You sir are the epitome of DIY. amazing. Best wishes. Looking forward to more.
hahaha man I love seeing your attempts at glass! I look forward to you mastering that skill in the future
I just love this videos. Please make more...
These videos need more publicity they are good!
I liked ur Effort and grace Good One Bro Keep it up. Loved watching it
not related to the microscope but one thing i'd love to see you try to make is a super rudimentary computer. no microchips or anything crazy like that but some basic transistors and some home made copper wire? would be neat...
Dude, because of you I found out about foldscope, I made my own, it magnifies at about 80-90X but still i've been able to see lots of micro life. Thank you
Wait, this show won an Emmy?? If it did Great Job!
Thanks again every video is like a mini adventure intona subject!
Do you have a TV show yet? You should have a TV, show dude. The quality of these videos is amazing.
He temporarily aired it on local television, but he should totally air it on a network
Thumbs up for your kitty helper!
Easily one of my top 5 favorite CZcams channels.
persistence is a great skill - Thanks and good luck in the next rounds
Your videos are awesome, the quality is just astonishing. You should sell this to Discovery channel or national geographic. I mean, this channel is going places, fame awaits you!!!!!
can i use a lens from old broken glasses? sand it down to a good size?
The visual gags are always amazing.
Years ago I built a microscope, but not nearly from scratch. I salvaged an eye lens from an old camera's viewfinder. The objective lens came from a #222 flashlight bulb, and was glued into a thimble. I used a thin metal tube for the body, probably from a cigar package. I experimentally determined the correct distance spacing between the two lens. I probably got somewhere between 100-200x magnification, with a fair amount of color fringing.
i got a lot of old spray paint cans (that have a ball inside). i opened them, removed the ball, and cleaned the glass marble, and several were perfect for magnifying lenses! i used soda bottle caps and necks, to hold the glass marble inside... (i had 7 old cans, and 6 had perfect glass marbles for lenses, so i put 2 together and made an adjustable microscope!!)
How are top quality contents like this video are getting less views than childish adults screaming into their microphones
Love your channel name
Last time you had blue-green, this time you had yellow. Keep this up and eventually you will have a rainbow of glass. :)
Did all the glass you made turn yellow or just the one bead you tried making into a lens? Because carbon contamination from burning hydrocarbons too could of made their way into it while blasting.
The regular glass being so smooth would have little issue with this, but your porous glass could catch and trap the soot, discoloring the glass.
Good job 👍👍👍
Unfortunately I can't donate money. But I watch the ads on the video all the way so I can help at least a little. (If the ad is skipped then the channel doesn't receive money or not as much)
Please keep up the attempts at making glass. It's a really interesting process, with a bunch of differing techniques and possible routes to success.
Would you consider refining iron from iron oxidizing bacteria ( a type of slime found around creeks and swamps) and maybe making a tool from the recovered metal? I would greatly enjoy seeing that.
Primitive Technology has been experimenting with that, if you're still interested.
This channel needs more views
Years ago, someone on YT made a chicken sandwich from scratch. Literally from scratch from growing the wheat, hatching chicken from an egg, goring a cow from a calf, churning the milk into cheese, etc. He estimated that his one chicken sandwich cost him over $1 Million...
Could there be a way you could react or remove the sulfur from the crushed eggshells, such as turning it into a gas (in a well ventilated environment, obviously)
Have you tried using HHO gas to get it hotter than a kiln?
This channel inspire me to want to do things like this
Great video
This is an amazing video! It works! It gives me the enthusiasm to make my own things too
For making that spherical lense Can I melt the glass in an ordinary stove from the kitchen? or
Can I make my own lense cutting the bottom of a glass bottle and then polish it?
well good to see you took some of my suggestions, you mixed but you didn't skim or cook for long enough. I still maintain that you need to replace some potassium with sodium as the venetians did so many years ago to make the first cristallo.
dude you're awesome!!!
what is the proportion of each ingredient?
When is telescope video coming ?
Excited to see it working.
Two weeks (hopefully)!
Some one tell me this guy has to be the king of diy projects
I need this for home experiments
This series gives me renewed appreciation for the movie threads. Basically if nuclear war broke out all our stuff will suck
From my understanding, the goop on the top of the potash mixture is probably salts coming out of solution. When you boil the mixture, the things with less solubility precipitate out and become insoluble, but only while its hot. Should try filtering the hot mix when you reduce to about half of the starting liquid then letting it settle while cooling.
It's weird that something in your glass makes these bubbles. 8:14
The normal glass doesn't do this. What's could be the cause of that? If it wouldn't have these bubbles the slight yellow colors won't matter much I think.
+Aldo I'm suspecting the potash didn't end up fully mixing/burning off. When it cooled overnight, a waxy substance formed over it. I suspect that's some of the potash separating and is what's getting burned off when I put it to the torch.
So, if you would keep it in the torch for a some time it might work, right?
The big furnace didn't seem right to me. Maybe just not hot enough. I can imagine that if you take a small portion of your half-glass that you could easily heat it with the torch and maybe get the remaining potash burned away and thus no bubbles and clear glass? Would love to see you try :D
I tried to heat it as much as I could with the torch, but likely letting it bake over night in a kiln would be the best chance of success. I still have a fair amount of glass leftover that I'd like to throw into a real kiln once we have the chance, and see if we have any better luck then.
Do you know why the glass is so bubbly? You can really see it when you are heating it the second time.
This helped me on my science class
You should do a project where you build a car like you build the engine, the chassis, the wheels and so on and it could like a 10 part series you do over time
I'm surprised videos with this much quality hasn't been seen by everyone
Please do a series on how to make a knife!
._.
What about making the lens bigger how does the light affect
+Silent- Dubstepper Smaller lens = more magnification
I just realized I wasn't subbed I am now thanks!
this man might as well make a Spaceship from scratch
The cat is like : my human trap another human in his box
Try taking a bath or shower from scratch. Make things like fresh water, soap, and a brush or washcloth. Love the videos!
You should do a "How to make a camera from scratch" video!
hey that's pretty good!
Psst... Can i have some of that *"White powder there?"*
mariomario64 potash addiction is no joke, in addition it is a schedule.0000I drug
fyi, you get a lot more/cleaner potash with a really hot fire. start with hardwood, and use a blower to pump air into the fire. If the ash comes out black and still has bits of charcoal in it, the fire wasn't hot enough: the hotter the fire, the cleaner the ash should come out.
Same deal with the kiln: heat from the bottom (heat rises), and blast air in to boost. You can hold heat better by just making a covered hole in the ground with an opening for fuel/air feed rather than stacking bricks in the open. You'd also get a much hotter fire off with a bag of legit coke from a foundry and a blower than with a propane torch. You can always bake the sulphur out of green coal to make your own coke too.
7:02 Making glasses and kicking asses
Make a foundry from clay, you will probably need it for iron, glass and other projects later on :-)
Why do you have an emmy on your shelf?
We aired some of our series originally on local television a few years ago, and won a regional Emmy for it.
Maybe try experimenting with small batches using a torch? That way you can get the mixture/materials right without using a bunch.
How can I make compound microscope
You should get in touch with CodysLab. Bet you guys would be able to do a lot of interesting, knowledgeable stuff together.
Lightning strikes can cause sand to turn into really neat glass structures. Might have more success if you attempt that route to making glass?
loving the cat
Foldscope looks pretty fun.
If you decide to try to make glass again soon, you might check out a few videos by Nile Red, he details how to obtain calcium carbonate from eggs and from antacids
*puts sunglasses on* - instant Dimitri Vladimir
this is a great video and also your channel i like you
make a telescope i want to see you make that clear glass
I like how they don't as for likes and subscribes, they just ask to support them.
The Fold Scope kinda reminds me of van Leeuwenhoek... oh..... Max said that!
This video is awesome, but I gave the thumbs up for the cat.
Could you burn off the sulfur from the egg? I would absolutely love to see y'all try and try to get the best glass y'all can get. I think it would be a fun video/series.
The problem of impurities might actually make for a great collab opportunity with chemist CZcamsrs like CodysLab.
Andy's goal in life is to make see through glass.
The two big problems from making the glass was the different eggs you used and you needed much more heat as why there was so much bubbles in the glass and why it took so long.
Did not know you won an Emmy, congrats guys! (you can see it at 9:45)
Hi
How Can I Donate you?
Andy, I love the show but it's SO frustrating to watch you work. NOTHING EVER WORKS RIGHT. It's clear how hard you work at it, too. That really speaks to the amount of knowledge and skill it takes to actually pull off some of the modern miracles we take for granted. Keep it up. Thanks!
Darn on glassmaking but nice progress!
What if you don't have thumbs?