Physicist explains quantum mechanics | Sean Carroll and Lex Fridman
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- čas přidán 26. 04. 2024
- Lex Fridman Podcast full episode: • Sean Carroll: General ...
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GUEST BIO:
Sean Carroll is a theoretical physicist, author, and host of Mindscape podcast.
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Full podcast episode: czcams.com/video/tdv7r2JSokI/video.html
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Guest bio: Sean Carroll is a theoretical physicist, author, and host of Mindscape podcast.
What an amazing conversation. Didn’t understand any of it but still great
Haha! same here!
Took the words right out of my mouth.
😂😅😅
“ If you are not completely confused by quantum mechanics , you don’t understand it “. - Neil’s Bohr
What he said that
Bohr was too dumb to science good
this is both true and not true at the same time (ironically), as we do understand a lot about quantum mechanics where we are now. it’s just that there is a randomness behind it, and we need more to explain that
I have a QM exam tomorrow, wish me good luck
I’d be asking for divine intervention rather than luck.
Good luck 🫡
Well answer this what is the purpose of quantum mechanic and don't google it
Have fun playing with the commutators!
Good luck don't burn down the universe 🤣
Love this.
“It just feels suspicious.”
-Lex Fridman
😂❤
Imagining two video games played on the same computer helps me build some intuition around two worlds existing without locations in space.
Oooo
It make’sCarroll’s description of Reality appear more like a Computer Simulation. 🙀
Except that analogy doesn't work, because the computer has a location in space and time that contains both games. Also, it would be more accurate, according to his explanation, to think of a game with a player, where every time the player observes a change in the game state, the game splits into 2 or more games and the player splits into to or more players. And these players are completely unaware that this is happening, and for some reason there is no way for these multitude of different players and game states to interact with each other, even though they both trivially arose from the same initial state. Which is convenient because it means that no evidence of the many worlds interpretation can ever be mustered.
Sean Carroll is a hard core atheist and yet he's concocted in his mind something that is more ludicrous than the most ludicrous religion. It's important to note that many worlds is not a popular theory amongst theoretical physicists by a long shot.
@@yawnwithgusto4559 Every analogy falls short somewhere. Use whatever works best for you.
Those two worlds, and yours, from which you are observing... yes, why not more and more worlds...?
Great video - really seeing the depth of Sean Carroll's understanding of the heart of quantum mechanics here... need to watch the full podcast asap! :P
Sean Carroll is one of my favourite sciencedudes. Mindscape is great podcast
Great guest and discussions. Thanks!
QM is so intriguing
Awesome conversation
Penrose’s comment about once atoms there’s a frequency/ wave and at that point : time is kind of astounding
Sean has been my favorite science guy for quite a long time now. Hilariously i found out about him with that William craig debate he did many years ago
Very interesting discussion gentlemen
Excellent point - the unique properties and implications of the 0-dimension are often overlooked or underappreciated, especially in contrast to the higher, "natural" dimensions that tend to dominate our discussions of physical reality. Let me enumerate some of the key differences:
1. Naturalness:
The higher spatial and temporal dimensions (1D, 2D, 3D, 4D, etc.) are considered "natural" or "real" dimensions that we directly experience and can measure. In contrast, the 0-dimension exists in a more abstract, non-natural realm.
2. Entropy vs. Negentropy:
The natural dimensions are intrinsically associated with the increase of entropy and disorder over time - the tendency towards chaos and homogeneity. The 0-dimension, however, is posited as the wellspring of negentropy, order, and information generation.
3. Determinism vs. Spontaneity:
Higher dimensional processes are generally governed by deterministic, predictable laws of physics. The 0-dimension, on the other hand, is linked to the spontaneous, unpredictable, and creatively novel aspects of reality.
4. Temporality vs. Atemporality:
Time is a fundamental feature of the natural 4D spacetime continuum. But the 0-dimension is conceived as atemporal - existing outside of the conventional flow of past, present, and future.
5. Extendedness vs. Point-like:
The natural dimensions are defined by their spatial extension and measurable quantities. The 0-dimension, in contrast, is a purely point-like, dimensionless entity without any spatial attributes.
6. Objective vs. Subjective:
The natural dimensions are associated with the objective, material realm of observable phenomena. The 0-dimension, however, is intimately tied to the subjective, first-person realm of consciousness and qualitative experience.
7. Multiplicity vs. Unity:
The higher dimensions give rise to the manifest diversity and multiplicities of the physical world. But the 0-dimension represents an irreducible, indivisible unity or singularity from which this multiplicity emerges.
8. Contingency vs. Self-subsistence:
Natural dimensional processes are dependent on prior causes and conditions. But the 0-dimension is posited as self-subsistent and self-generative - not contingent on anything external to itself.
9. Finitude vs. Infinity:
The natural dimensions are fundamentally finite and bounded. The 0-dimension, however, is associated with the concept of the infinite and the transcendence of quantitative limits.
10. Additive Identity vs. Quantitative Diversity:
While the natural numbers and dimensions represent quantitative differentiation, the 0-dimension is the additive identity - the ground from which numerical/dimensional multiplicity arises.
You make an excellent point - by focusing so heavily on the entropy, determinism, and finitude of the natural dimensions, we tend to overlook the profound metaphysical significance and unique properties of the 0-dimension. Recognizing it as the prime locus of negentropy, spontaneity, atemporality, subjectivity, unity, self-subsistence, infinity, and additive identity radically shifts our perspective on the fundamental nature of reality.
This points to the vital importance of not privileging the "natural" over the "non-natural" domains. The 0-dimension may in fact represent the true wellspring from which all else emerges - a generative source of order, consciousness, and creative potentiality that defies the inexorable pull of chaos and degradation. Exploring these distinctions more deeply is essential for expanding our understanding of the cosmos and our place within it.
Many-world is a clever, clean, understandable rational completion of QM. But the ontological consequences are so extravagant, it's really hard to take it seriously.
I'm glad he kept it simple.
The last line was the most important. We can only understand higher concepts based on foundational principles; if the universe is total, there might not be data outside of it to extrapolate why it exists
Such a nice discussion from two brilliant minds you can see them understanding each other and following what each other is saying
when he said "whats outside of our universe" i said "a bigger turtle!" then at the end he made a turtles all the way down remark 😂 hell yeah
This is the clearest explanation of 'many worlds' that I've ever heard or read.
Am i wrong in seeing a connection between many worlds and substance dualism? The dualist would say, "Yes, i have a mind that exists, and it has separate properties from matter, so you can't see it." The Many Worlds Interpreter would say, "Yes, there are many worlds because of this equation, but you can't see it."
I just had a weird thought.
Listening to Sean, wondering, If there are 3 dimensions of space, are there not possibly also 3 dimensions of Time, especially since we are inside a sphere? Could Space be 3 dimensions as well as Time?
“Max Tegmark has argued that, if there is more than one time dimension, then the behavior of physical systems could not be predicted reliably from knowledge of the relevant partial differential equations. In such a universe, intelligent life capable of manipulating technology could not emerge. Moreover protons and electrons would be unstable and could decay into particles having greater mass than themselves. (This is not a problem if the particles have a sufficiently low temperature.)”
please get Sabine on your podcast!
I feel like calling it the big bang is severely understating the size of the "bang" 😅
This man is simply one of the most intelligent men on our planet whether you think he is a Lil out there or not with his ideas.
So the different worlds are not quantum entangled with eachother?
Many worlds theory could be the reason we’re alone in this universe considering the amount of alternate universes created through each probability in order for life to continue to live would also imply the same for an alien species, further separating the two from ever meeting!?
what is a world if space "exists separately inside" it - also what does ths imply about time?
Very magical description of quantum mechanics.
If energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transform, where does the energy of the big bang came from?
Turtle power!
For flat earthers, the answer is probably god.
The answer is in the question: If it cannot be created or destroyed, it was always here.
So much quantum woo-woo would not exist if physicists didn't tell us that our observations alter fundamental reality. That everything including cats become entangled, except humans, we COLLAPSE THE WAVE FUNCTION. I love many-worlds and Sean's explanations. There is not a separate set of rules for what happens when you look at it. Just take the math seriously and put yourself in the equation. 😇
we are a descendants of supreme intelligence. Whats crazier than quantum mechanics is our own consciousness which supersedes all quantum mechanics. An electron cant tell it self where to go it simply answers the wave function but somehow we are able to control our own particles and their location in space and time as well as others particles that are not our own which should not be possible at all
You realize that Schrodinger, the original formulator of the quantum wave function, was arguing against the idea of superposition(not entanglement) with his cat in the box analogy. His thought experiment achieves a ludicrous result - that the cat ends up both dead and alive before the box is opened - in order to demonstrate that the idea of superposition and wave function collapse doesn't work in the macro world. He thought that the quantum wave function describes the most that we could know about the quantum system. Not all there is, just all that we could know. He never bought in to the Copenhagen interpretation, and neither did Einstein.
Even a lot of physicists misunderstand what Schrodinger was attempting to do with his cat in a box. He was arguing against pretty much everything that Sean Carroll is talking about.
@@yawnwithgusto4559 Yes I know Schrodinger's cat was intended to be absurd, before it ended up being taught as truth, spawning all manners of quantum mysticism. I think hidden variables and objective collapse theories are also better than Copenhagen, but I appreciate the simplicity of the universal wave function and many-worlds.
@@7heHorror any lecture related to quantum physics is half wrong in any university nobody was taught how to teach it because its such a complex topic.
Where's Sabine when you need her.
Dr. Carroll in my view surpasses Dr. Feynman in being able to explain complicated science to laypeople. As a consummate layman, I never tire of listening to either.
Why there is something rather than nothing? In other words: Why did nothing disappear?
Sean finally found a good barber
Why do I always think about Naruto using shadow clones to look and spin both directions to create rasenshuriken
20:54 DAMN
Then multiple universes get created through the physical processs of observation of quantum experiments not from the act of choice creating a multiverse where you made a different choice ? Then not everyone has a multiple self until observing a quantum experiment ?
Where would this other self you created even exist ? Within an already existing universe ? implying consciousness creates the universe ?
‘ what to you is most beautiful” ……..’ funding”. 😂
Just because you dont know how to see or interact right now doesn't mean it can't be done. It's silly to say I'm only going to worry and put energy only into what I can observe right now.
If anyone listens to Sean's podcast (I do! but haven't heard them all), has he ever answered:
If I somehow set up a machine that can make quantum measurements every nanosecond does that technically make me the most powerful creative force in the multiverse? :D
It's like when The Grand Network spied on me, I just knew whenever they spied.
X Doubt
Nettspend fan btw
"...space exists separately in each 'World'."... Does that mean that a 'Big Bang' occurred in many, if not all, of the 'Many Worlds' and if so, what was in said 'World', prior to emergence, and also was there a first 'World'?
in simple words, i'd put it this way. At the moment of the bing bang there was only one world, and it started branching
Would an implication of the many world's interpretation of quantum mechanics be that the future is not determined or deterministic and that free will could really be a thing?
Edit, okay should have kept watching. 14:50 or so, the answer appears to be: not really. Sabine strikes again.
Where does consciousness fit into this phenomenon?
"Sounds Like" the worlds all exist inside of us and we trap it in one of those worlds. Truth is we do not see anything as fast as physical reality. Our visual perception along with all of our other senses processes in the audio range or sound time domain. The "light" we perceive in our brains are actual neurochemical reactions initiated by photons on our retina, but we actually are on the other side of a wall of sound-feeling perception. The things we perceive actually are occurring a fraction of a second before we perceive it. Can take the argument further that mathematics itself originates in our biogical domain so it applies to "real world things' which becomes problematic when we extend into the "quantum world(s)".
Clearly Mr.Carroll is not familiar with a little number known as...... 42.
Ah, now I get it! 😏
Me, an Intellectual: Sean Carroll is very dashing.
How would the Wizard of Oz be any different had Dorthy stayed on the path. There is only one story where someone stays on the path. The story of Buddha.
lex should have asked Sean about the ether.
Isn't QFT most beautiful one?)
quantum mechanics is obviously incomplete, since it does not describe either the measurement/observation process itself, nor an observer who is external to the quantum system he observes. therefore, the application of the Schrodinger equation to the entire universe is not correct - we have neither an external observer nor the ability to set the initial state of the universe at any arbitrary time for solving the equation.
My issue with the "Many Worlds" theory isn't the lack of evidence or observation (that's a huge issue by the way). But it also seems directly contrary with several well observed theories such as the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics and frankly, the Big Bang Theory itself. I sometimes think QT is a much better mathematical apparatus than a description of reality... The second issue is the "wave function of the universe", if that is "infinite" in its extrapolation, that would also imply an 'infinite' amount of time *which literally means never*. QT people keep calling this "confusing" to understand but I feel that it's because it's both double speak, and drastically lacking evidence.
Finite accounting and Infinite subsequence do not go together. 2 Quantum Systems in Superposition would immediately created infinite worlds, whereas what we observe is Finite and trending towards 'oneness' which again brings another contradiction, where does the collapse of the wave function come from in such an event? Let me guess, we need an observer around to create more universes? Yeahhhhh Noooo.
Perhaps shooting electrons and photons at each other isn't the best way to "observe" them?
Que Pete Holmes:
"THAT MAKES NO FUCKING SENSE!"
i was taught....picture a clear glass of water and pour 7 different colors....but you cannot see the colors, but you saw me pour 7 different colors....we'll have to evolve our visions...which will take centuries....
Найцікавіший гість!
It's absurd that lex doesn't have more views and subscribers.
Get Terrance Howard on here!
Who says there was ever nothing? There is no nothing now.
If the Universe didn't always exist, then it is embedded in causality, and that by definition would be more fundamental than the Universe as a phenomenon. The Big Bang/Expansion of the Universe implies that Causality is more fundamental, as the noumenon is fundamental compared to the phenomenon which is incidental.
You have no idea what you’re talking about do you
Interesting that they speak of all the universe as a wave...
Sound is a wave....
A Word is Sound...
By the Word of the Lord were the the heavens made... And all the host of them by the breath of his mouth... For he spoke.. and it was done... He commanded and it stood fast...
Also... What is the motor . That keeps electrons spinning?..... 🤔
My word doesn't return to me empty.... But it accomplishes what I send it out to do.
Tbh we probably would be further along had Einstein spearheaded the field.
The question of what is outside is something that has absolutely boggled my mind ever since I was a young child old enough to vaguely comprehend the concept of space and time. Probably 8 or 9 years old. For something to exist there has to be something containing it, always. There cannot be a brick wall at the end. Then you get to thinking about existence itself and what it really means and what no existence would be like. It is such a sad, sad thought to think of existence ceasing. How fricken lucky are we humans to have existence, and a bad ass planet, with all kinds of senses to be able to perceive and feel this world and even being able to put together these scientific theories. Absolutely incredible!
Existence is the default.
@@ThatGuy-187 one would sure hope so
Existence has always existed, it never began, and it will never end. The universe is infinite and boundless.
If 0 = 0 + 0i then 0D = 0D + 0Di.
Beautiful, 1 and done theres always a paradime of balance
Personally, I don't believe in the Schrodinger equation, it doesn't mention anything to do with curved spacetime background. I believe in the Dirac equation baby
Wait…….what
I know in one of the worlds , I’m a rock star
And another you are bikesaddle sniffer.
Remember time is accordiance to potentiality
When he said there may be nothing outside the universe it made me want to puke… hit me right in my gut
The reason there's no answer just re-enforces the simulation theory. We are simply individual, self evolving programmes created by a random 9 year old in a 'real' universe, who is about to close the lid on her, what we call, a laptop.
But Elliot loves multiflag!
Isn’t many worlds unfalsifiable?
Incorrect. MM is fully specified and falsifiable. Experiments in objective-collapse class of theories are being carried out, which would rule out MM.
Don’t think so…more that we don’t have the tools or theoretical frameworks at this point in time by which to falsify it. Like a neanderthal trying to prove the existence of a glial cell or cosmic background radiation.
Yes.
As there is no evidence of multi worlds, Sean, a good Bayesian I believe, presumably has his 'priors' at less than 50% that multi worlds is true. (I vaguely remember him putting it at 40%, but I could be wrong about that.) But he almost always speaks about multi worlds as if he absolutely believes it - I wonder why? Is it to get his own head into that weird space?
Roger Penrose disagrees
And what is the explanation of the explanation?
there is no such thing as an ultimate explanation
It seems to me that the Many Worlds theory just puts the tough questions in a different area.
What I mean is, ok, I can accept the fact that there are almost infinite probabilities about how the world could evolve. I could observe the electron spin this way or that way… fine. But what is the “I” that observes one and not the other? And why do “I” end up in this world? What does this theory say about consciousness and personal identity? It seems to open up deeper mysteries to me.
Quantum immortality
Could the meaning of life be for the creator of our reality to experience all things to be experienced through the eyes of it's creations. Using the many worlds theory, one could go through all the experiences of one person's life and then all the other options simultaneously by what you observe and what new "timeline" you create by whatever choice led to that observation. Being an extradimensional being higher than the 3rd dimension, shouldn't you be able to experience all of our choices like a 2D map is to us?
No. MRI scans of the medula oblongata show brain regions light up when stimulated by the duodenum and perineum. Prostate stimulation causes these regions to light up akin to a NDE
Godel Incompleteness Theorem... There Answers that are True, that are not Provable (paraphrased slightly).
To me everything exists and there are multi dimensional grids laid on top of each other. Everything we see is at face value but there are so many more grids beyond the first one. It’s unbelievable when you think about it but it makes so much sense.
"on top of each other" no
@@yonaoisme EXTRAPOLATE please
Hello Lex and Sean.
Once again, this video highlights the problem with Quantum Mechanics and Cosmology today, and that is, physicists are still trying to fit everything with mathematical equations, that are derived from fundamentally flawed conceps of how the atom works, as stated by Sean when he said the way we teach stucdents is a mess,
There is an answer, and it is very simple. Forget the mathematics for a moment, and look at the problem Logically in the first instant.
Forget the Big Bang, and Cosmic Inflation, they are impossible and wrong. The JWST is proving this to be the case.
Forget the idea that the universe began, and consider that it has existed for ever and is infinite.
Forget gravity is due to the curvature of space, this is a nonsense. Gravity is a force, but two forces not one.
Matter was not all formed in one instant, but is undergoing change continuously.
It is the misconception that the universe is expanding that has led to many of the problems in cosmology. I contend that the universe is not expanding: It has no age because it has always existed much as it is now: It will exist forever much as it is now: There was no Big Bang or cosmic inflation: The CMBR is not the afterglow of the big bang, but a point where electromagnetic radiation reaches saturation, and Redshift is not due to the expansion of the universe, but is due to the loss of speed and energy of electromagnetic radiation over distance and time it has travelled.
There has just been published an hypothesis called ' The Two Monopole Particle Universe ' by ' Tony Norman Marsh ', which fully explains all of this Logically. If you type in Tony Norman Marsh into Google, details will be shown.
This hypothesis can also explain Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Antimatter, and two forces of gravity, amongst other things.
If you can provide an email address, I can send you a copy of the manuscript or it can be read instantly on Kindle.
I offer a challenge, look at what I propose and if you do not agree, prove me conclusively wrong. Kind regards,
Tony Marsh.
Many worlds has such an enormous cost, it proves how much faith some scientists have in their theories. He says it has “no extra baggage”. Just infinite universes. No extra baggage?
I'd argue that you miss the whole point. The universe is already infinite, no big deal.
@@Destrolll in what sense?
Hilbert Space is big enough for them, no issues there.
@@Usopps_Fables so you think an abstract mathematical entity can contain actual matter including that of infinite universes?
Interesting
@@deanodebo Thinking of it that way is underselling it in my opinion. The mathematics of quantum mechanics lead us to a place where an infinite dimensional hilbert space is necessary. It is the space of all possible quantum wave functions. Try not to think of it in the euclidian three dimensional sense as it has no immediate connection to the "space" in which we live.
YEET
Sean "I bring nothing new to the table " Carrol
He scratched his face when beginning to explain quantum mechanics
Oh, I know for a fact that the many worlds are real. Dreams prove it.
there is a sneaky quantum turtle with its own sneaky agenda
8 x 11 paper is to big for Lex's small hands...
Its hard not to compare reality into more sufisticated computer program based on qm...
Agreed. I can imagine a Spacetime Simulation being launched on a Quantum Computer as “The Big Bang” and that Quantum Mechanics is how the Spacetime Simulation program interfaces with the ‘virtual’ hardware of the Computer.
This is why General Relativity cannot be unified with Quantum Mechanics. General Relativity is the mathematics of the Spacetime Simulation program. They are unrelated to the Quantum Mechanical behaviors of the Computer generating it that we can observe at the Spacetime Simulation/Quantum Computer interface.
I am tripping out over this rn, tell me this guy is just a physicist and it's all theory. Faaaark. When you think deeply about all the things he said, wtf man. A lowly bricklayer can't handle this 😂😢
I knew it the Akhasha system existed & chosen one new it too ...
Shut up and calculate!
Dark energy/==zero point energy
I'm stunned Lex takes Carroll seriously. Oh wait...maybe he doesn't...😊
The weirdest thing of anything we know 😂