Muslim Insurgency in the Philippines - Part 1 of 3

Philippine wars - • Philippines
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MUSLIM INSURGENCY IN THE PHILIPPINES - Part 1 of 3
The Muslim insurgency in the Philippines was a conflict in the Mindanao and Sulu regions of the Philippines, which involved multiple armed groups. Peace deals have been signed between the Philippine government and two major armed groups, the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), but other smaller armed groups continue to exist.
MUSLIM INSURGENCY IN THE PHILIPPINES - Part 1 - Timeline
1300s - Seafaring traders from the Arabian Peninsula introduce Islam to the native population of the southern islands of what now comprises the nation of the Philippines
1400s - Islam spreads to the present-day Sulu Archipelago and much of Mindanao with the exception of the northeast region and mountainous central regions of Mindanao
1521 - Spanish explorers first arrive on the islands
1565 - Spanish colonization begins in Luzon and the Visayas; the Spanish are unable to bring under their control the southern islands, the vast majority of its residents by then being Muslim, whom the Spanish call “Moros”
1850s - The introduction of steam-powered ships allow Spanish forces to gain the definitive edge against the Moros
1885 - The borders of Spain’s Philippine colony is fixed by the Madrid Protocol
December 1898 - The United States gains possession of the Philippines
1913 - After fighting two wars against Christian Filipino revolutionaries and Moros, the United States imposes direct rule on the Philippines
1930s - The United States first states its intention of granting Philippine independence; Moro leaders press U.S. authorities that Mindanao and Sulu must remain under American tutelage until the formation of an independent Moro state separate from the Philippines
July 1946 - The Philippines - which includes Mindanao and Sulu - gains full independence as a sovereign state
1948 - 1955 - Revolt by Datu Hadji Kamlon in Sulu
1960s - Land disputes increase between Christian Filipinos and Moros
Late 1960s to early 1970s - Armed clashes between armed militias, the “Ilaga” by Filipino Christians and “Blackshirts” and “Barracudas” by Moros
March 1968 - Jabidah Massacre: Newspapers report the killing in Corregidor Island of Muslim Filipino military trainees; in the aftermath, some Muslim politicians call for the establishment of a Moro state and organize revolutionary militias, Bangsamoro Liberation Organization and the Muslim Independence Movement, which, however, fail to garner mass support among Moros
1970 to 1971 - Sectarian violence escalates between Christian and Muslim radicals
September 1972 - The Philippines is placed under Martial law because of the communist rebellion in Luzon and the sectarian violence and Muslim insurgency in Mindanao
October 1972 - Nur Misuari forms the Moro National Liberation Front or MNLF, a nationalist organization aimed at launching armed rebellion for an independent Muslim state in Mindanao, Sulu, and Palawan
October 1972 - A Moro armed group, the “Mindanao Revolutionary Council for Independence”, launches an attack on Marawi but are repulsed by government forces; the MNLF start full-scale rebellion
February 1974 - Battle of Jolo
September 1974 - Government forces perpetrate widespread atrocities on Moro residents
October 1977 - A Philippine army contingent, awaiting a scheduled peace dialogue with the MNLF, is set upon and nearly wiped out by the rebels

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