Spread of the Indo-European Languages in Eurasia
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- čas přidán 13. 08. 2021
- Spread of the Indo-European Languages in Eurasia, Proto-IndoEuropean, Anatolian, Tocharian, Germanic, Celtic, Italic, Slavic, Baltic, Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Greek, Armenian, Thracian, Illyrian, Phrygian, Paeonian, Liburnian, Cimmerian, Nuristani
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My horse can’t stop rearing after watching this
Kinda feel bad for Tocharian branch
@@based4560 assimilated by Turkic and Mongolic speakers right?
@@whoreofdragonstone1031 yup
@@based4560 I assume they’re the ones who gave the aforesaid groups pastoralism?
@@whoreofdragonstone1031 I suppose
I like that you can see small unique groups for brief moments like the celtic galatians in anatolia, the indo-aryan mitanni leaders in northern assyria, the eastern germanic goths who migrated to crimea, and the hellenic-speaking phoenicians. Also I didn't know an Indo-aryan language was spoken in the altai mountains for a long time
Yep, the Indo-Europeans were the original horselords before it was cool, only to be subsumed by the Altaic peoples from the east
Armenians are indo-european too
@@hereisyoursign6750 horelords have _always_ been cool. There's pretty much two main groups who do well in history, horselords and farmers.
@@hereisyoursign6750 Indo-Europeans are not technically the "Original Horselords". That would be the non-IE Botai Culture who are responsible for the first domestication of horses for horseriding purposes in modern day Kazakhstan
@Devvrat Mishra No. It is likely the first domestication of elephants happened during the peak of the Indus Valley Civilisation in the subcontinent 4000 years ago. As we know, IVC is not Indo european/vedic
Indo-Europeans: *surround the Caucasus*
Caucasians: I will surely survive
Russia and Iran:
Wait... Does not so-called "Caucasian" race or "Indo-Europeans" are modern names of Aryans? Lol
@@rggalas The word "Caucasian" to describe Indo-European peoples is entirely ahistorical. Some anthropologist thought Caucasians were beautiful and more or less just assumed that's where Europeans originated. And Aryan is just one specific Indo-European group the Nazis co-opted the name of despite Germanic peoples having no relation to them beyond shared lineage from Proto-Indo-Europeans, as this map demonstrates.
From Iran, greetings to all Aryan family✋🏻
You are Dravidian
@@arabianinferno6918 how anIranian can be dravidian?
🇮🇳❤️🇮🇷
@@arabianinferno6918 stop pointing fingers at others and speak for yourself
Shukriya Brother 🇮🇳❤️🇮🇷
This is one of the most beautful things i have ever seen
*wipes tear
Agreed
One thing that would make it more amazing would be if we had a rough idea of the non-IE languages around the map
tell that to the Indus Valley civilization, and the Early European Farmers
@@theskv21 agreed, I’d love to know more about the early history of Vasconic
@@celtofcanaanesurix2245 there is no Aryan race. It is just fake
You can see the effects of Alexander's Empire, the Turkish empires such as the Ottomans, the Roman/Byzantine empire, etc. so clearly... also never knew of that little Greek holdout in India. I knew the language probably spread there but didn't think it would ever hold out to this day, considering it's been so long since Alexander's Empire. I will admit, I felt a hint of sadness watching the Anatolian language die. It seemed to be one of the oldest branches and it held out for so long.
That's Nuristani, not Greek.
@@stsk1061 I tried making an edit saying that, but it didn't save for whatever reason. but yeah, you're right.
That little greek holdout is in modern day Pakistan and Afghanistan not india.
@@stsk1061 Greek >>> Greco-Bactrian Kingdom >>> Greco-Indian Kingdoms. Nuristani is that very small Dot in that Timeperiod
alexanders empire was not the only greek one. there was the indo greeks as well.
8:55 Armenian Genocide 😥
😢
Yep
YEEEAAAAHHHH 🐺🐺🐺🐺🐎🐎🏹🏹🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷🐺🐺🐎🐴🏹Altaic language is better
Indo-European language family is the most spreaded language family in the world. Indo-European languages are the majority language in more than 48 countries🌍🌏.
I am a Sinhala speaker, an Indo-Aryan language from Sri Lanka🇱🇰.
Dude , I'm a native hindi speaker , tell me if there's mutual intelligibility on your side , do you guys have record of ancestry from regions in india , fascinated to know
@@zulu2885 Yes. Sinhalese genes are made with 72% Bengali/Odisha genes, 12% Gujarati genes and 15% South Indian genes.
@@worlddata8982 so essentially they're north indians then , pretty cool , this is not taught or known , how old is this migration and what were the reasons mate
@@zulu2885 Prince Vijaya arrived in Sri Lanka in 536 BCE on the day of the demise of the Lord Buddha. He was the son of the King Sinhabahu of Wanga Kingdom. King Sinhabahu banished Prince Vijaya and his team from the kingdom (For this reason, some Sri Lankans are reluctant to accept Vijaya as a their ansestor) . Their ships sank near Sri Lanka and they were able to swim to Sri Lanka. When he laid his hand on the shore, his hand was covered with copper. Copper in Sanskrit is called "Thamba" . known as copper "Thamba" in also Sinhala. Hence he called Sri Lanka "Thambapanni". At that time, "Yaksha people" of North Indian Aryan origin lived in Sri Lanka. Prince Vijaya married a Yaksha women. Her name was "Kuweni". There were constant clashes between Vijay's group and the Yakshas. Vijaya's group who were angry with Kuveni for being a Yaksha woman lied to Prince Vijaya about her. Prince Vijaya believed them to be true and Kuveni was banished from the palace. She went to the Yakshas. Because she was married to Prince Vijaya, she was killed by the Yaksha people who were angry with her. Her son and daughter escaped and they are ansestors of Vaddas (aborgines). The Veddas also have the genes of the Deva people who lived in the hill country. Prince Vijaya and his team married with South Indian princesses. But Vijaya had no children. After him, Sri Lanka was ruled by his ministers. In 437 BCE Prince Pandukabhaya became the king. He was half yaksha-half Bengali. He could united Yakshas and Bengalis. He made the Sinhala nation. Hence he is known as the first Sinhala king.
@@worlddata8982 wo!!, This is internet at its best , thank you good sire for this detailed answer , it would've taken me hours to get this info otherwise , idk but aren't yakshas and rakshas mythological terms , also what defines a yaksha , aren't vedda the orginal inhabitants of india before the arrival of Iranian farmers and steppe Aryans , I always thought veddas are essentially tamil , I'm also most curious to know mutual intelligibility between bengali and Sinhalese , is it closer to tamil or bengali or orriya , also how Buddhist is srilanka , do they celebrate diwali or holi , and what exactly do people think of Ravana in Sri Lanka , I know it's a lot but kinda curious about it all especially when talking to someone as knowledgeable and culturally aware as you are
Thanks for the info
Rip Iranic People In Euroasian steps, Central Asia and western China 💔
The Turks and Mongols destroyed them.
@@SchmulKrieger tocharians still exist but in few numbers. Search for red head people in Tajikistan or east turkestan
@@SchmulKrieger The slavs also "destroyed" Scythians and Sarmatians of Eastern Europe according to your comment, you forgot that detail
*ANGRY TURKİSH MAN JOİNED THE CHAT*
@@himalayas1647 The Tocharians don't exist anymore and have been assimilated.
Also, Tajiks didn't descend from the Tocharians.
Interesting that Pre-Proto-Germanic, Proto Italic, Vedic Sanskrit, Avestan, Hittite, Mycennean Greek, Late Proto-Balto-Slavic, and Proto Celtic were all spoken at the same time (1500 BC).
Proto Italo-Celtic along with Proto Germanic. Proto Italic is younger than Proto Germanic.
@@SchmulKrieger I thought Proto Germanic, as it was reconstructed, was from 600 BC.
@@SchmulKrieger italo-celtic along with Pre-proto Germanic. In the video is represented too earlier only to show classification I think.
@@Nullius_in_verba you should improve your English. I haven't understood what you wanted to say.
No bro vedic sanskriti is more older and i really don't believe this theory
love all of my indo-european brothers from 🇮🇷 IRAN 🇮🇷
thx love from India🇮🇳
I Love Iran from Poland 🇮🇷❤️🇵🇱
Love from Holland.
@@johannesnicolaas ♡♡♡ love u
@@szymonovsky9783 ♡♡♡♡
we have lot of Poles in Iran.
they came to iran during world war
Just thinking about Indo-European language family makes me so happy . I feel like I'm part of such a huge and magnificent family . Love to all other Indo-European speakers from a Bengali-speaker .
Love from an Italic speaker❤️
A lie makes you happy? Average Indian...
@@romayi_seviyorum.117Ok turk
@@romayi_seviyorum.117 Which lie ? What are you talking about , Turkic man ?
@@marcobelli6856 💞💕
I am quadrolingual and can speak 4 Indo-European languages. I was able to find many similarities between them. Armenian was my 1st language. Farsi or Persian 2nd. English 3rd and finally Spanish.
Its cool to see these cusines still share much in common.
I would have to say Armenian stands out the most word wise, but similar in sentence structure to English.
I know 4 as well; Bengali, Hindi, English and Spanish. Bengali and Hindi are quite similar, and English and Spanish are...not so much. English is by far the most difficult among these lol.
I can speak 3, Spanish, English and Portuguese.
Hola amigo
@@chipaguasustudios
hola, Feliz Navidad.
Hello, Merry Christmas.
բարև, շնորհավոր Սուրբ Ծնունդ
barev, shnorhavor Surb Tsnund
سلام کریسمس مبارک
(Salam, keristmas mobarak)
5 German French Italian Romansh and english
this video has been a long time coming.
i'm calling it here: this is the magnum opus of your channel. truly phenomenal work.
Thank you very much
*Megh2nom h3epos because its a PIE video😎😎
Pity, this video has been based on unfounded research. In fact PIE as presented never existed. The real PIE was Protoslavic, a mother language of most European languages plus Avestian and Sanskrit that derived from it.
@@Lechoslaw8546 you have to be a troll.
@@Lechoslaw8546 😂😂😂😂😂😂
Indo-European: "spreads to Europe and Asia*
Georgia: No
Never underestimate the kartvelians
Hungary, Finland, Estonia, Basque country: No
Knowing that many of us in europe and asia and Amerika have people from one single tribe 6000 years ago as common ancestors just changed how you see the world. Suddenly, everyone feels like family. This is why such things matter, they further our horizon and thus change how we go through life.
But this shows the evolution and spread of a language, not genes. The language doesn't necessarily follow the genes.
@@matthewmckenna3109 But in the cause of the Aryan conquests it surely does.
@@dragooll2023 I can't believe that the Aryans completely exterminated all the peoples they invaded. There will have been miscegenation, over a long period.
@@matthewmckenna3109 Check the genetic studies, usually only samples from north russia, the baltics and a few others i forgot still have old european dna
edit: everyone still has old european dna, but the indo-european still has predominancy
Then again if we go back further, all of us humans throughout the world can trace our ancestry back to folks in Africa, so really we're all one big family in the end.
Holy crap you actually did it
Imagine if the Proto‐Indo‐Europeans came back to live today and discovered that 40% of the world population was speaking a descendant of their language. That would either be a mindblow or a massive ego boost.
@Pan Indo-Europeanist, agnostic, Aryan supremacist Like what lands? More of Africa and of the Middle East? China?
@@sunshineimperials1600 like more lands in Anatolia and M. East ( Assyria, Anatolia, Egypt ) that could speak Hellenic languages or Helleno Iranian
@Pan Indo-Europeanist, agnostic, Aryan supremacist Good grief your username and opinion are cringe. "Our race is the best one, now if only other races wouldn't oppress us". Cognitive dissonance much?
@Pan Indo-Europeanist, agnostic, Aryan supremacist If your race is so supreme why does it apparently get oppressed?
@Pan Indo-Europeanist, agnostic, Aryan supremacist based
Just a reminder for some people…. linguistic families (ex: Indo-European, Semitic, Uro-Altaic, etc.) doesn’t correlate to genetics. That would mean that a Mexican would be fully Spaniard based on the language they speak, which is of Spanish origin. Yes, Mexican do contain some Spaniard DNA as well as indigenous American DNA, but they aren’t full Spaniards as a native of Spain would be. Hope this clears up the confusion for certain people.
Im arabian with 60% persian genitics
Bro, you know there are Mexicans who are white right? And have no or minimal native mix…as well as fully indigenous blooded Mexicans who have very little Spanish genes…come on…you sound ignorant.
But that means that linguistic families have a genetic correlation as well, it applies to Semite and Arian languages as well, so there si a genetic correlation un any case
Culture matters more than genetics anyway
Mexicans are 50% Amerindian + 40% African + maybe 10% spaniard
this ignores archaeology. Indo-European burial practices and DNA reached Western Atlantic Europe by 2500 BC
Didn’t expect to find this legend here 💯
this comment reeeks
maybe people experienced similarly enough to figure similarly
Yes, the video is inaccurate in many aspects, the worst offender is timing, the second is labeling where they confuse Proto with Pre and Pre with Proto (Pre is first, followed by Proto).
It also seems to be depicting Pictish as non indo-European despite it probably being brittonic
My heart melted away along with the scythian language
😢
@Mehmet Malkoç
Inshallah mongolistan kültürlari helel Olson abdulmehmot yalmoz Berlin 🙊
@Mehmet Malkoç it was mostly replaced by Russian tho
There is a very small neo-shythian community in the caucasians that survived the extinction
@@VVV.12345 the ossetians?
Dude, straight up one of the best i have seen.
Thank you very much
Your videos are very helpful too!
From iceland all the way to Sri lanka.what a massive diversity but united as indo european 😂
Sri lankas often try to relate themselves with it but truth is they stole some words from sanskrit ,to relate themselves with hindus of north India Hahahaha. Sri lanka is more close to China and their loans and here you talk about unity after harming hindus in your country.
You can see the Basque country in Spain being alone in the world, also Finland, Estonia, Hungary and Transilvania in Romania having mainly a Uralic language. Romania isolated with an Italic and a Romance language. Also France has a region called Brittany where they speak a Celtic language called Briton. Iran, Afghanistan and Taijikistan are speaking mainly almost the same Iranian language.
Yeah.... we... we watched the video bro
@@GAMER123GAMING it is more for the people who don't know the places' names, and for my entertainment, I had fun remembering certain topics.
Afghanistan is not totally Iranian speaking country, there are many Turkic and Mongol peoples - Uzbeks, Turkmens and Khazara. On the contrary, in Uzbekistan Tajik is the second speaking language and is especially widely speaking in Samarkand and Bukhara cities. Uzbek itself is heavily influenced by Persian linguistic features and vocabulary.
@@alekseypetrov8520👍👍👍👍👍👍✌✌✌✌
Transilvania!???? Are 2 and a half counties of minority speaking hungarian!!!
Crazy to think that Hindi, German, Spanish, Persian, etc, are all related.
And how fast it changed!
Also, if you consider the Centum-Satem split, it's also crazy to think that Tocharian, despite all of its immediate Indo-European neighbours being Satem, was actually Centum. And further, how the likes of Serbocroatian or Lithuanian are more similar to the likes of Hindi, Farsi or Armenian than they are to the likes of Greek, French or English.
@@bvthebalkananarchistmapper5642 Yes it is indeed interesting, but remember that (for example) just because both Balto-Slavic and Indo-Iranian are satem languages does not mean that they are sister languages. Some of the features would have probably developed independently and some of them probably transferred between populations while Indo-European was still mostly on the steppe. Maybe you already knew that, but I want to just make it clear to whoever reads this that the centum-satem line does not mean that the people and languages on either side are genetically closer to each other, and indo-European migrations are a lot blurrier than we think, lol
Genetically speaking, Europe has been roughly the same since the Neolithic - well before the Indo-European migrations. And you are right that borrowings from neighbours also play an importance in vocab and grammar. Sprachbunds are a thing both within and across language families
Not that much actually
You deserve more subscribers, dude! Not everyone can patiently make this masterpiece!!! Don't need to worry about Iceland, Germanic ones are there we know.
Thank you very much
The Devanagri Script in which Sanskrit and Hindi are written in very complex and sophisticated, It writes every word as it is pronounced which no other script does.
How come a group of nomadic people who invaded India according to the Aryan invasion theory have such a advanced script and language, because the Aryan invasion theory is false.
Sanskrit originated in India and it is the language of the Sindhu valley civilization, the most advanced of the time which built brick houses when the world was living in mud/wooden houses.
Sanskrit is the language of the gods and the mother of all languages. And Hindus are the true Aryans.
The migration would have occured about 4000 years ago. The Devanagari script is only 1300 years old according to google. I'd say 27 centuries is enough time to develop an advanced writing system.
@@prateekatt Indo-Aryans were slowly migrating into India during the late Harappan period. By 1500 BCE, they had completely settled there. In that time period, Proto-Indo-Aryan evolved into Vedic Sanskrit and the people who spoke it were Aryans mixed with the previous inhabitants of India, from whom they incorporated lots of cultural aspects. So by 1500 BCE, they had formed an advanced Indian Culture and had started to compose the Vedas. By 500 BCE, Sanskrit had already began to evolve into local dialects called Prakrits. The oldest written form of any Indo-Aryan language we find in India are the edicts of Ashoka from around 250 BCE. They were in Magadhi Prakrit and were written in the Brahmi Script. This is the oldest deciphered script in India and is the ancestor of all the modern Indian Scripts, even the South Indian scripts, even though their languages are unrelated to any Indo-European languages. From Brahmi, evolved Northern Brahmi > Suraseni Brahmi > Nagari > Central Nagari > Devanagari. Devanagari script became recognisable by 1300 CE. So Devanagari wasn't the script used by the Aryans, and they didn't even use its ancestor, Brahmi, during the Vedic period. So they had more than a thousand years to develop the Brahmi Script from scratch. And also, developing scripts from scratch is super easy for even a single individual, and I have done it many times. The Koreans also did it. So it would be a piece of cake for an advanced culture with a thousand years at hand. Remember, they had already become an advanced culture by 1500 BCE, after migrating, mixing with the locals, adopting many of their traditions, and adjusting to the standards of a metal using, agricultural civilisation. Also, they didn't even need to make it from scratch. As I said, they definitely mixed with and adoption many traditions of the Harappans. So it is possible that they might have learnt their script as well, just like how the Akkadians learnt cuneiform from the Sumerians, which continued to be the major script of the Middle-East for centuries after the Sumerians, even though the Sumerians soon went extinct. So, Brahmi could even be a descendent of the Indus Script. In that case, they would have just borrowed their writing system from a previous civilisation, just like how the Akkadians did, instead of making it themselves. So overall, there is absolutely no reason why a civilisation deriving it's cultural roots from an ancient nomadic tribe cannot have a sophisticated writing system.
Interesting to see this as my someone of eastern iranic ancestry (Afghanistan). Being a possible descendant of these tribes and peoples is very interesting despite the conflicts and marginalization and influence of other groups such as arabs and turks which have kind shifted our identity a bit since then.
Does language mean possible ancestry ?:)
Crazy to think that my language spoken in the middle of the US, and your language in Afghanistan, come from the same people. Cheers to worldwide brotherhood
Turco-Mongols defeated Iranians.
@@judsonwall8615 Yah haha its weird how things end up but interesting.
@@rediettadesse2828 Possibly, I’m not too certain on the specifics since other groups of people get acculturated and languages pass down. In my case my ethnicity of being a descendant of the scythians makes it likely but other groups could have mingled in. To me its more of an identity with some genetic admixture involved, however you frame it. Cheers
As someone who is obsessed with languages, and whose ancestry is basically an Indo European melting pot (English, Armenian, Romani, Dutch, German, Scottish, Slovak, and Greek) I must say, I love this! Thank you so much!
Thank you
@FAKE VIRUS BREWERIES Romani?
@@dragooll2023 But Roma or Romani are preferred; g*psy, g*tano, ts*gan (and variations) are considered ethnic slurs by many Romani people.
I'm predominantly Afro-descendant, but I also have a buffet of Indo-European ancestry in my family tree. Nice to find a fellow Indo-European mixie obsessed with languages! 😋
ur very special
Everything is detailed and in right place,subgroups,timing,nothing is left to chance..really well made..
Thank you
@Devvrat Mishra I think the Iranic words in Uralic are borrowed when the Sarmatians/Alans migrated into Europe and settled in Hungary and some parts of the Roman empire when the Mongols attacked the Sarmatians. They had a lot of interaction with the Magyars because the migrated through the lands of the Magyars which at the time was near Ukraine. They also interacted with other Uralic tribes while migrating. There are still a lot of Sarmatian folk stories found in Hungarian culture. Those Sarmatians in Europe could have borrowed many Uralic words into their language too, but we don't know because they are extinct.
@Devvrat Mishra indo iranian and expecially iranians migrated eastward together with hungarian and samoyed..some yeniseian people involved too(see the seima-turbino horizon). The absence of uralic words in the avestan and vedic language is because these two migrated too South to enter in contaxt with uralian..unfortunately the only iranian language with these contacts(those that lived in tje steppe alongside hungarians) are extint and not well known to study uralic influence. Im talking about scythian,saka,alanic and sarmatians.
@Devvrat Mishra then its a mistery, but in the case of nomadic tribes maybe its possibile that a dominant tribe doesnt find necessary to acquire words from a tribe that could be less advanced in tech or warfare..is not the same case in which local rivers or territorie's names could be acquired from who lived there,for example neolithic societies..
@Devvrat Mishra it depends on when these cognates begun to be part of the the various IE languages..about avestan and vedas,its interesting the fact of their common shared culture in the BMAC,a cultural complex derived from middle easterners people that mixed with both Iranian and aryans. I dont believe that such animal's terms could exist in taiga and tundra environments at the same times.
It is so interesting to look into how language evolves over time, and the similarities that exist in such seemingly different cultures.
I am finnish (finnish a finno-ugric language) and i have to say first time learning a indo-european language was very difficult, but after that it has been very easy to learn other european languages!
Right now i speak english, swedish, german and little bit spanish, and i understand norwegian because its so similar to swedish haha.
Good for you. I'm learning swedish, but I'm spanish speaker (rioplatense castilian dialect) understand germanic languages is tricky for someone who speak romance language.
@@fabiangamx6288 Lycka till med svenska, jag gillar det mycket! Germanic languages have their own challenge, but everyone who knows english (so basically the whole world haha) is also able to learn those languages better!
@@lotta1517 Yes you right, today every person has to use english, I use it for learn Swedish.
On the other hand, I'm very surprised at see that lenguaje has some similar words (in pronunciation) that means exactly the same as those in spanish.
For example;
"jag"="yo"; "gratis"="gratis"; "Tårta"="torta".
It even has a reflexive pronoun "dig" equivalent to "ti" in spanish.
But english is easier to learn.
@@fabiangamx6288 Oh very cool to know that even swedish and spanish have some similarity in words (and grammar?) Very far away, but they are both indo european so that explains it. Finnish has loaned some random words from swedish, but thats the only thing.
@@lotta1517 The grammar is different, it's simpler, in spanish you have a variety of verbal conjugations. As a Spanish speaker, it is intuitive, for a foreigner it is a nightmare, as far as I know.
I understand that finish is a uralic language it's quite different from swedish, danish and other germanic languages.
I am Indo-Aryan form India 🇮🇳💪😁👌
I hope we Indo-Aryans will make our own country.. different from Dravidian 👍🏼
@Coginito 👍
@@AdiHaiKya too late. Mixing between these genetically, phenotypically and racially distinct populations already happened about 2500 years ago and is still happening. Today in North India, the historic hotbed of Indo-Aryan culture, people can be of diverse phenotypes and colour ranging from Black to Whi-te and the most dominant one, pale Brown. So the question is, who will live in this new country? Because only a few 100,000s of people have retained their original Indo-Aryan features.
That’s a language group
Indo-Aryān is an Ethno-linguistics group kid 🤡
Aryān Ethnicity + langauge
1B + people belong to it
Whoa! Now this is an ambitious video! Very interesting too, I never knew the Anatolian languages arrived to Anatolia through the Balkans, I've always thought they arrived through the Caucasus. I guess that explains why there are so many non-Indo-European languages spoken in the Caucasus.
Fantastic video! Great job.
Thank you
both are about equally likely theories
@@celtofcanaanesurix2245 agreed
@@celtofcanaanesurix2245 i think balkan is more accepted but caucasus is also possible
This video is based on a theory, it's not a solid fact, nor is the video very accurate. It's still a fun video and well made.
Nice video, sadly that two most famous Indo-European languages - Latin and Greek were completely ousted from their former areas/spheres of influence - north Africa, Egypt & Anatolia
Almost all languages lost some of their sphere of influence throughout the time. Don’t be sad, get over it.
@@AD-yq8rl
Agree, but many Greek scholars lived in Egypt, especially Alexandria. After Arabian conquest all of them were prohibited, expelled or kіІІеd, great library of Alexandria with its priceless manuscripts, artworks and scientific works were destroyed, many Roman and Greek libraries in north Africa and Anatolia got same violent fate
Nothing sad about it. These languages spread by force and were rightly removed.
@@regabrielexv this is false; the byzantines preserved the ancients, not the arabs (who got it second hand).
@@regabrielexv In fact after Arabian conquest Greek spoken language disappeared in Egypt in next 200 years, indigenous Coptic language extinct till 14th century AD because of hatred and perscutions from Arabian side. I don't mind, Caliphate had a good rulers and scholars who respected culture and science of conquered peoples, but majority of medieval Arabian population hated Greeks, Latins and Copts
Great work... Thracian language looks like such an interesting topic.
1)This is fascinating.
2)Some comments on here assume that the spread of the IE languages is identical to the spread of a particular gene pool. Not so. Modern speakers of IE languages have a very mixed genetic inheritance.
3) Doesn't the space in the middle of Europe where non-IE Hungarian intervened appear far too late?
Not sure when he puts the arrival of the Magyars, but they arrived on the Pannonian/Hungarian plain around 900 CE. Of course, other language speaker would’ve been there, so they wouldn’t have immediately had a monopoly on the language.
Avengers endgame: “the most ambitious crossover ever” Costas Melas: “Hold my beer, will ya?”
Well, I guess it was made by Indo Europeans LOL.
@@arta.xshaca crazy how far it spread
I waited for this moment for a long time, this video is amazing, it's too sad to know that some of those amazing peoples are now extinct
And what about all who they extint?
I can tell you put a lot of effort into this, so much attention to detail and events. Extremely impressive.
This thesis will soon rot. Because your cultures and your words are not the same at all. You are just a language family formed by the exchange of languages.
I don't agree with all of the choices, here, but it is a great tool for visualizing changes over time.
HOLY.... THIS IS THE BEST DAY OF MY LIFE AND THIS VIDEO IS ONE OF THE REASONS WHY
Πραγματικά εξαιρετική δουλειά, άξια της προβολής που παίρνει! Θερμά συγχαρητήρια και ευχαριστούμε πάρα πολύ για το λεπτομερέστατο αυτό βίντεο!!
Ευχαριστώ πολύ
The west/east PIE split is very ambiguous, and I don't know what it's based off of. It's certainly not based off of Satem/Centum split, because Proto-Indo-Iranian ultimately comes from Abashevo and Potapovka, which was located in the northern eurasian steppe, and came from Corded Ware. Also, with the map it's hard to pinpoint the exact location of the languages, and it seems quite unnecessary. You should/could have used the Mercator or Equirectangular projection instead. Iranic languages seem to have spread as far east as west of lake Baikal, as evident by the Tashtyk and Karasuk findings. It's not certain the language the Wusun spoke, but they're widely believed to have been speaking either an Iranic or Agni-Kuchean language, not Indo-Aryan. The Mittani speaking Indo-Aryan also seems quite a stretch and it could have been that their names were just unrelated cognates or that it originated from Armenian or Anatolian languages. In Khotan, Kashgar, and Tumshuq, basically everything west of the Yarkand River, Scythian was spoken, and it's believed that Khotan may have been originally Indo-Aryan speaking but were eventually settled by the Saka.
Also, in the Ferghana Valley, the city of Cyropolis had been inhabited by greeks since at least Lydia was annexed by Cyrus, so the area should have been greek speaking sooner. In the Dnieper, (central Ukraine), several Greco-Scythian tribes were observed by Herodotus, and he calls their language a mix of Greek and Scythian, the Geloni. In classical (Pre-Christian) Armenia, various Iranic languages were spoken as a court language depending on whichever Iranic empire was dominant at the time because since after the Kingdom of Urartu, Armenia was ruled by Iranian dynasties until the Islamic conquests. The Armenian Arsacid dynasty for example, had the most profound effect on the Armenian vocabulary and grammar, and nowadays Armenian is used as a source to decipher Parthian.
Thank you for the additional information. Feedback is helpful to improve
> because Proto-Indo-Iranian ultimately comes from Abashevo and Potapovka
You know there is literally no any evidence of this, but except fantasies based on literally nothing.
Συγχαρητήρια, πολύ ωραίο animation, το ταξίδι της γλώσσας είναι και το ταξίδι της Ανθρωπότητας (έπρεπε να γράψω κάτι βαθυστόχαστο). Καλές Γιορτές.
глубоко копнул. и тебе счастья.
Θα αποθηκεύσω αυτό το βίντεο, θα το βάλω σε ένα δίσκο flash ή σε έναν σκληρό δίσκο, και έριξα τον σκληρό δίσκο στον ωκεανό, και στον ωκεανό ο δίσκος πηγαίνει και θα διατηρηθεί για 4000 χρόνια, και κάποιο τυχαίο παιδί όταν το ανακάλυψαν στη Μεσόγειο (επειδή η γη είχε ήδη καταστραφεί), το βρήκαν, το έβαλαν σε μουσείο και πιθανότατα διατήρησαν την ινδοευρωπαϊκή γλώσσα, για
The Slavs avenged fallen Iranian areas
Yes it is said that the slavs are a combination of Baltic and Scythian (Iranic) cultures
There are many iranic words in slavic languages and russians have a large R1a gene which is andronovo (scythian/indo-european) genes
@@iSyriux Slavs existed as its on Indo-European group before Scythians even migrated to Eastern Europe from Siberia. So rather they being a combination of Baltic and Scythian cultures, they are a separate IE group that took influences from Baltic and Scythian people who once existed in the majority Slav lands
@@iSyriux the Slavs assimilated the peoples with the gene R1a1, just as the Turks did
@Mullerornis You take words too seriously to be on the internet
They too assimilated Iranian people
Lol love how Italic is just skirting around the Estruscans
What's amazing is that each language got some influence from already existing local people that spoken a totally different language. For instance in europe and between France and Spain there is the Basques people I wonder if their language influenced the Latin language that are the French and Spanish ?
Well ,not in French .
But I know that Occitan got a little bit of influence from Basque .
Occitan was basically a Gallo-Romance language spoken in like the 1/3 South of France .
Gallo-Romance language are basically ->
-French (Gallo-Roman of the North)
-Occitan (Gallo-Roman of the South)
-Provençal (Gallo-Roman of the Est/Gallo-Roman of the Alps)
Provençal was spoken in the French speaking part of Swizertland ,Savoy ,the County of Nice ,Lyon and It's Surrounding (actual 2nd most important city of France) ,Aoste and the Area of Influence the Bourguignon had (West of Swizertland ans North of Lyon)
The 2 other Gallo-Roman language are still spoken but Provençal is almost extinct and Occitan have seen since a big decrease since the Annexion by France in the XII and the XIII century ,the Revolution and the Third Republic
There are many spanish words that are influenced by basque. For example:
"Left"
In basque: "ezkerra"
In spanish: "izquierda"
The Gaullish language spoken by Gauls, called French today, influenced latin and other people. As well as modern French for agriculture and war, as well as places' names over the whole territority of France for cities, villages, etc.
Interestingly, 5-6 thousand years ago in Eurasia (excluding the Far East) there were many tribes and languages, of which almost nothing remained. Basques in the West, the peoples of the Caucasus, something northwest of the Himalayas. We know about the rest only by the results of excavations. Who they were is unknown. And the rest was filled out by representatives of 4 language families. The Indo-European peoples have the largest territory. Semites spread from the Sahara to the northeast, Turks from the Mongolian steppes to the west, and Finnish peoples to the west from the Ural Mountains.
Could have been done better in regards to the Iranic branch after 1000.Persian was the languague of the court and administration for most regions from Bengal bay to literally modern day Bosnia,yet you just colored central Asia with shades of dark green in the time frame of 1300-1900.I mean it was literally the official languague of India for example till 1830s.
Would’ve been interesting to see what the Tocharian languages could’ve evolved into had they survived. Great video!
Or the Anatolians.
Good job. I find strange though why did you remove French and English from Africa after decolonisation (considering you counted Latin catholic worshipping in Eastern Europe as spread of Italic until 1800s). French is widely spoken up until this day in Africa, but for shame I'm not sure about exact countries, maybe not the ones visible here
English is becoming global in a way
English is official in India as well.
It´s the arabe invasion on Africa
J'étais en Tunisie en 2019. La population locale parle couramment le Français
So no one is going to point out how Georgia in small area like Caucasus stayed away from indo european influence such a long time? especially considering the fact that it all started right above the Caucasian mountains.
no! they were highly Influenced by Indo-European Grammer in their language found in proto-Kartvelian language are many Proto-Indo-european words!!
words such as ღვინო and მკერდი in Georgian are believed to be of Proto-Indo-European origin
@@rhimbdlzad7566 yes they are!
@@rhimbdlzad7566 czcams.com/video/C4JPMYHTZis/video.html
It didn't start in India? Whose more ancient ?
I`m very glad that Paleo Balkan languages are included. :)
Great! this a valuable recourse for those learning about history
Thank you
I live in Lao and it's fascinating to see that the most common words are actually of Indo-European origins too. Even though Lao is not an Indo-European language.
Really? Very interesting
บางครั้ง google แปลอย่างเป็นธรรมชาติ
@@skeptic781 Sanskrit influence is strong in SE Asia, having a similar influence in many of their languages like French had on English
@@Smitology I believe it's more like latin influence in all of Europe, isn't it? Latin was the language of the church and sanskrit was also a language of religion. French, on the other hand, was the language of the conquerors in England and SE Asia was never conquered by a sanskrit speaking people.
@@Faerandur Most rulers of South east asia were sanskrit speaking and lao was rulled by Angkorian empire
Would be nice if you could make updated Y-DNA spread map, including maritime spread of out of Africa branches all over Middle East Europe, Central Asia, South East Asia, Australia, East Asia via Americas...
9:07 hungary: Alien among strangers
I speak English, Polish, Ukrainian and know a few German and Latin words. When I first heard Parthian and Farsi languages, they sounded fairly familiar.
Yes buddah means wake up like slavic
Vedas means knowing like slavic
Noworoz new year like slavic. There many similars
I'm blown away. This is the best IE linguistic map I've come across on CZcams. Absolutely oustanding.
It's not even that good, he didn't fill in Finland until the 1300s when it was clearly IE before all of western europe
Thanks Costas, that was stupendous. Great work.
Thank you
Great job! This will be remembered as a legendary video
Thank you very much :)
The Dragon Historian
, do you plan similar video about Altaic languages in your channel? If this hypothesis can be taken
@@user-mv7xi1ey4z
Altaic language hypothesis has long been debunked.
It's just thought to be a Sprachbund rather than a single unified language family.
@@user-nc5yc9es6j yeah, at least Turkic Mongolic and Tungusic speakers have similar DNA and they may have a common language in the distant past, possibly.
@@arta.xshaca
Then every language is related to each other if we go back very long time ago.
Pictish was an insular Celtic language. Your videos keep showing the region of Scotland as if it was not.
Also ancient Ligurian was, as far as we know, Italo-Celtic at the time it was written down
@@stefanodadamo6809 I thought it was related to Basque?
@@sobertowelie3267 it is possible that previously people in the area spoke languages related to Basque and Iberian (and possibly PaleoSardinian). The extant inscriptions, though, are of an Italo-Celtic language, possibly a sort of first wave of the group before Italic proper came to dominate the peninsula.
Pictish is definitely Celtic but as so far, there's not enough evidence to suggest if it's in the same grouping as Brittonic like Welsh, Cornish and Breton or a independent Celtic language group.
@@Qwerty-hy5mj probably an own group, because remind that the today's Scottish Gaelic is influenced to an high extent from Irish Gaelic through migration.
What’s the unIndo-European language existed in 🏴 until 1000AD??
É impressionante ver a retração das linguas celtas em relação ao domínio que tinham no século 1 AC.
Pictish in Scotland that you lined was a Celtic language. Although there's not alot of evidence about it, from what is known about it is that it is in fact a Celtic language.
Its not that clear, no pictish toponime could be understood using any celtic lenguage. We need to decode theyr writing system to know it clearly.
Its supposedly a mystery. As c3ltish speakers cant fully understand it. It could be a similar situation as Basque where it's a pre indo European language with Celtic influence
@@juniorcrusher2245 You must be a man of culture. Most of people dosent know that we even exist.
Eurasia has so much untold history this is beautiful
Amazing! Absolutely lovely infographic/video.
Thank you
I appreciate your hard work :)
Keep going !!!
Thank you
Respect Indo-Europeans from Afro-Asiatic Tunisian
Wow is that you in your profile picture? Literally cannot tell you apart from an Italian
J'étais en Tunisie. Tout le monde parle français.
That's amazing! Nice job!
Thank you
Շնորհակալություն ձեր կատարած աշխատանքի համար, վստահ եմ որ մենք,հայերս գոյատեւել ենք մեր լեզվի շնորհիվ,լեզուն դա ազգի հոգին է։
Diliniz də bir dil ola. Bir çəlləyin içinə 4-5 daş atıb qarışdırdıqda, diliniz çəlləyin içidən çıxan səsə oxşayır. 🤣🤣🤣
@@adsoyad8971 says someone who doesnt even have an alpahbete xddd
@@gaskjs6544 Turks have their own alphabet
Go and read some dont talk about the thing that u dont know
Ahhahah
@@sofiahammond8838 its literally english but with few more signs stupid fuck and before that they just used arabic language go learn some shit
@@sofiahammond8838 show us that, turks used before arabic alphabete, now use latin since Ataturk
This is amazing!!! Is it possible for you to make an Austronesian languages version?
Thank you. I have made it
I WAS JUST WAITING FOR IT! ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΏ ΠΆΡΑ ΠΟΛΎ
You're welcome :)
You are a legend Costus Melus
Thank you
To keep in mind: Hindi is more related to Icelandic (so far that it's not even on the map) than to Tamil
right just like how Swedish is more closely related to Sinhala than it is to Saami.
but due to extensive contact of years. there is lot of sanskrit words in dravidian languages and reverse too.
But as a Tamil. I can understand Hindi, Sanskrit then Icelandic.
A tamil who understands hindi? Dont lie 😂@@joel12388
There is a lot of guess work in this video. I think that there are two processes: relative isolation and differentiations, so new languages/language groups, and expansion/assimilation, so language groups expand geographically driving others to extinction (as languages). This video lumps putative "Venedi" with "Balto-Slavs" which is hugely uncertain, and I am guessing there are more such guess works.
This is a masterwork. Perfection! Thank you Costas from Puerto Rico 🇵🇷
Thank you very much
Nice video! It's sad how the range of the celtic languages contracted further and further over the years
It's interesting that Hungary, Estonia and Finland are not Indo-Europeans after all.
Malta (partially), Basque Country (partially), Saami regions in Scandinavia (partially), Gagauzia (partially), the Turkic or Finnic autonomous republics in Russia (partially) and the European part of Turkey too...
But, after all, why putting our focus only on the lands within the conventional borders of Europe? Think about the Anatolian part of Turkey: it is outside modern conventional borders of Europe, but it has had a history fully intermingled with that of Europe and some of the oldest IE languages (maybe the very origin of IE family) were indigenous of Anatolia. Nevertheless, it has lost its IE character, because of events which happened in middle age and modern age. And that's really a remarkable fact...
It's interesting how Armenian 🇦🇲 been shrank after the Armenian Genocide 1915. But it shows Karabagh as Armenian speaking. That's interesting a lot!
Wow, this is very interesting! Great video!
Thank you
Wonder what happened to armenian language and greek language in Anatolia all of a sudden at the beggining of the 20th century ?
Something that never happened I guess...
A peaceful relocation to a place with nice and friendly environment
There were genocides and population exchange during WW1 and Turkish war of independence.
@@user-nc5yc9es6j turkish war of "independance" is ironically funny.
They were litteraly the rulers of the empire 🤣🤣
@@deidara8neji
They were defeated in WW1 and their territory was partitioned.
So Mustafa Kemal established another governemtn in Ankara and waged Turkish war of independence.
@@user-nc5yc9es6j I know all that story. The name is simply dumb
Let's just appreciate how the Slavic language family spread from a fairly localized language and then pretty much took over all of Eastern Europe, and also major influenced Romanian.
Still amazes me. Like I know that other existing languages were just absorbed but it still baffles me how all those languages just went poof.
A simply fantastic video! I’m enamoured by PIE and IE languages as well as DNA and genetic lineages. This presentation was very cool and eye opening! Well done! 👍😊🇮🇹🇨🇦
Who would've thought that a language spoken by a bunch of horse riding people between black sea and Caspian sea will be the ancestor of languages spoken by half of the earth's population.
you mean 90% of the earth?
@@servantofaeie1569 keep dreaming
@@xXxSkyViperxXx im not dreaming. there is not a country on earth that doesnt use an IE language or words.
@@servantofaeie1569
Don't you know the word "half"?
@@user-nc5yc9es6j its not half though. Every, and I mean each and every modern nation uses one or more Indo-European languages in some capacity. name one nation that you think doesnt, and i will prove you wrong.
Εξαιρετικό, Κώστα.
Exeretico, Costa
Thank you
Dates are at least 500 years late for western areas as iberian peninsula and british islands, there were indoeuropean or protoindoeuropean languages spoken there much before the "historical" celts.. (Urnenfelder culture, ancient lusitanian language etc etc) ....Probably already there since at least Atlantic Bronze Age (protoceltic times)
I was never clear on at what point the Iranian languages were replaced by Turkic ones in Central Asia and the western steppes, it's great to have this visualization!
What is that stray patch of Indo-Aryan that wound up east of the Tocharians and disappears around 100 BC?
What is that Greek hold-out in Afganistan that survives until the second millenium? I thought the Greek language there faded away by 500 at the latest.
Thank you. The first is Wusun language, the second is the Language Nuristani, not Greek
@@CostasMelas Thank you for the reply! It's great when video creators answer comments. Why is Nuristani marked as its own color, instead of the rest of Indo-Iranian?
@@JohnSmith-of2gu Because the Nuristani language is a separate language, it is neither Iranian nor IndoAryan (probably their tribes migrated separately from Andorovo to the southeast of today's Afghanistan and survived), the interesting thing is that until 100 years ago, unlike the majority of the population of Afghanistan at that time, they were not Muslim. . For this reason, it can be said that thes people are untouched.
Because the Nuristani language is a separate language, it is neither Iranian nor IndoAryan (probably their tribes migrated separately from Andorovo to the southeast of today's Afghanistan and survived), the interesting thing is that until 100 years ago, unlike the majority of the population of Afghanistan at that time, they were not Muslim. . For this reason, it can be said that thes people are untouched.
Love my Indo Iranian brothers from Pakistan.🇦🇫🇵🇰🇮🇷🇮🇳🇹🇯.Pray 🙏 for Kurdish people our fellow Indo Iranian brothers.indo Aryans and Iranians has one orign.love and respect to our fellow Indo European brothers of europe
Love from India. To all Indo Iranian Brothers and sisters.❤️❤️
We all are aryans
🚩
as a Kurd I am proud to be of Indo-European ancestry Greetings to my fellow Indo-European ancestry.
@dimensional X Language is the gateway to civilization.
I am a native Assamese speaker from Assam (the Eastern most tip of India) , sending love to all fellow Indo European brothers
It is very likely that Yuezhi's language is not Indo-European, but Sino-Tibetan. Dunhuang in Gansu may be the dividing point between Indo-European and Sino-Tibetan. Before the Huns, the nomadic group in the Hexi Corridor is probably one of the ancient Qiang people
Very well done !
However i think there should be italic & germanic in Africa today (due to french & english being official languages) and maybe also indo-aryan in the Gulf (a lot of indian immigrants). Is there a reason why they aren't depicted?
Thank you. The colonial languages declined after the decolonization, so I preferred to remove them
@@CostasMelas I see, thank you for the answer
@SaxonThrashQueen That doesn't matter. They're still spoken by large parts of the populations.
Did you mean because they're not the first language of most people? In that case, then yeah, that might be a considerable argument.
Do you mean Persian Gulf?
Splendid work! There are several errors here and there, but still amazing
Thank you
Name some, I'm a nerd
@@clouds-rb9xt Well... I don't know if I should, as there are some people that would disagree and be really offended for what I have to say.
Great Video as always!
Thank you
It's likely that the northern subgroup of the Aunjetitz culture 2200 v. u. Z. spoke an early form of protogermanic idiome. The people of the Jastorf culture, the Lausitz culture and the early Przeworsk culture are also likely to have spoken proto germanic idioms. On the assumption that the first sound shift in the west of the Germanic language area did not occur until the 1st century BC Has taken place, but could also proof that Cimbri and Teutons spoken a late form of Proto-Germanic/protoceltic. And the Cimbri wars proof that some germanic tribes and celtic tribes fought and settled together in major units since 130 v.u.z (Kimbern, teutons, Ambronen, Helvetier, Boier) so they had to understand each other.
I like how starting from 5:35 you can see something taking over the steppes and soon after the Roman empire collapses
At 5:35 it's still BC age, romans where just starting to raise, you ignorant
@@thepizzaman_2241 I dont think you read my comment correctly. I never said they collapsed at 5:35.
You know they play a big part in the fall of Rome, so seeing them slowly approach even before the Romans began to expand is kinda ominous
Can you explain what you mean? What's taking over the steppes
@@squiresuzuki To put it shortly, a bunch of people who would invade and destroy the Western Roman Empire
YES YOU FINALLY DID IT!!!! I LOVE THIS.
I love how the Basque language has managed to hold out all this time.
Keep in mind that a split in a language group (for instance from 1500 B.C, like... the transition phase, from Indo-Iranian into Indo-Aryan and Proto-Iranian respectively. or for instance from Proto-Balto-Slavic into Proto-Baltic and Proto-Slavic respectively), does NOT in any way indicate a LOSS of mutual intelligability between the two groups that split. What the transition era indicates however, is that certain linguistic FEATURES of a given set of languages (either Baltic, Slavic, Indo-Aryan, Iranian respectively), by let's say around 900 B.C (600 years after the first split respectively), would have and would possess clear-cut distinguishable linguistic features in one group/set of languages that are no longer present (or have evolved differently) in the other splinter group-set of languages. But even by around 900 B.C for instance, a proto-Slavic speaking tribe would have LITTLE problem (at most) to communicate with the proto-Baltic speaker, as even though certain major linguistic changes have occured, there would still be so many vocabulary cognates and mutual physically-close contact in terms of proximity. A proto-Balt would have probably had occasional circumstances where he or she would communicate with a proto-Slav and they would at times possibly even learned new vocabulary quickly from each other, as the Proto-Baltic and Proto-Slavic (even after the split in circa 1500 B.C) had 70% of the core vocabulary very very similar, and their ethnic cultures would have still been very influenced by each other's presence constantly, thus ensuring both cultural and linguistic understanding. It wasn't until Poland officially into Catholicism in around 1000 A.C (because of Polish King Mieszko who converted to Catholicism at that time), that Poland would have undergone a major cultural shift, and also when Lithuania later converted into Christianity at around 1400 A.C or so. So cultural or religious change has the highest amount of linguistic changes as well, thus impact heavily on mutual linguistic intelligibility.