Congenital Heart Disease: Tetralogy of Fallot, Animation
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- čas přidán 4. 03. 2018
- (USMLE topics, cardiology) Tetralogy of Fallot: Pathology, Etiology, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment. This video is available for instant download licensing here: www.alilamedicalmedia.com/-/g...
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Voice by: Sue Stern.
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Tetralogy of Fallot, or TOF, is a CONGENITAL heart disease, classically known as a combination of FOUR defects that disrupt the normal blood flow in the heart.
In normal circulation, oxygen-poor blood from the body returns to the right side of the heart where it is pumped into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs. After being oxygenated, oxygen-RICH blood from the lungs returns to the left side of the heart to be pumped into the aorta and out to the body.
Infants born with TOF are presented with 4 major structural defects:
- NARROWING of the PULMONARY output
- Ventricular septal defect: an OPENING in the interventricular septum
- Displacement of the aorta: it now connects to both ventricles
and
- Hypertrophy of the right ventricle
The 4 defects, however, are likely the result of a SINGLE incident during embryonic development - the MAL-alignment of the upper part of the ventricular septum, known as the conal septum, with the rest of it. As the conal septum moves rightward and anteriorly, it creates an opening in the septum; blocks the right ventricular outflow tract; and pulls the aorta over the ventricular septum. Finally, because the output to the lungs is obstructed, the right ventricle develops thicker muscle to push harder, resulting in right ventricular hypertrophy.
The cause of TOF remains largely unknown but several genetic disorders and prenatal factors are thought to be associated with increased risks of this condition.
Connected ventricles in TOF allow blood to flow from one side to the other. The DIRECTION of this flow, however, depends on the DEGREE of pulmonary tract obstruction. When the obstruction is minimal, the flow is LEFT-to-RIGHT, because the LEFT ventricular pressure is usually HIGHER. While some of the already oxygenated blood leaks back to the lungs, most of it goes the usual route to the aorta, and the baby appears “pink” as normal. However, in the long-term, if too much blood flows to the lungs, patients may develop congestive heart failure.
On the other hand, when pulmonary stenosis is severe, blood in the right ventricle has to escape through the septal defect during ventricular contraction, and a RIGHT-to-LEFT shunt results. The MIXED blood, which is LOW in oxygen, is then pumped into the aorta and to the body, causing oxygen deprivation in body's tissues, or hypoxia. This may result in a BLUISH skin color, known as CYANOSIS. The greater the pulmonary obstruction, the more deoxygenated blood enters the systemic circulation, the more severe the symptoms.
Children with TOF may develop acute episodes of hypoxia, known as "tet spells", during activities that demand more oxygen. These episodes are characterized by: shortness of breath, increased cyanosis, loss of consciousness, and may result in hypoxic brain injury and death. Tet spell is a medical emergency but simple procedures such as squatting and the knee chest position, which increase systemic vascular resistance and therefore decrease right-to-left shunting, can help to temporarily relieve symptoms.
Diagnosis is by echocardiography and can be done prenatally. Treatment is usually by repair surgery within the first year of life. The surgery involves enlargement of the pulmonary tract and closure of the septal defect.
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This is by far the best explanation of Tetralogy of Fallot I've seen on YT
Feeling ok. My pulmonary valve is leaking again 😩. Being watched again. But it will not hold me down. I live my life to the fullest.
I greed.
True.. indeed an awesome explanation!!
I am 51 years old, Born with ToF. My Dr's say I should not be here. 4 open heart surgeries later (all done by the amazing Dr. Singh (RI Hospital) I am so thankful for every day!!
how you feel at 51 years old
@@dragangrujaa I feel good, can't complain. My pulmonary valve is leaking again So I am being watched for #5. But I enjoy my life to the fullest!
@@lauram8404 how can the lungs leak
@@dragangrujaa it's a heart valve.
@@lauram8404 so once you solve the operation it must last forever
This by far is the best video describing TOF. I've had 4 surgeries to repair mine and I now live a pretty normal adult life with little restrictions and continual monitoring with an adult congenital cardiologist.
SLAYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY IM GOING FOR MY THIRD ON MONDAY LETS GOOOOO
I’m so happy for you! I’m a TOF patient too
I am a Vet and this video was so helpeful for me. Thanks!
You have explained it better than Fallot itself
😂😂
Best explanation about TOF! Thank you so much!
So amazing presentation 👍🏻
I'am 32y/o and I am a blue baby suffering for CHD since birth and this video best explanation so far ..
Alila always have the best visual explanation videos!
I know of a man who can help you
Whatsapp him for help
This video is very helpful....thank you
Wow. Your channel is amazing. Thank you.
thank you so much that was just amazing
I’m so grateful really thanks
Thank you 🙏🏽 it helps.
Wonderful animation
Thank you so much!!!
Absolutely amasing
Excellent explanation thank u🌸🌸
Thank you so much
This was short & nice presentation
brilliant video
Thanks a lot!
Thank you alot
Best explanation 👏🏼
very helpful. tahnks
Thanks for the very clear explanation about TOF. Can you also do one explaining TOF with PDA please? Thank youu!!
Thank you 😊
Thank you soo much 🥰💕
this video helped me to know more about congenatal heart disease, signs and symptoms as well as causes of this disease thanks Alila
i have one year child with heart disease and i am in africa specially Ethiopia where there is no proper examination facilities. I took her to a medical examination after when we recognized that the child have a heart proplem, and now I get enough understanding of one of the tips on the exam paper.
thanks again
Glad it was helpful! Best of luck with your child's treatment!
Thank you Alila
You are very welcome!
Thank you so much mam.....it's very helpful for me 🥰🥰🙏🙏
very helpful
Alila medical is the best
Thank you
Thanks dear
I’ve had three tetralogy of fellow surgeries in my life most recent was on the coronal artiery
Thanks 🙏🏻
Love you 😘 Alila medical medai
Extraordinary 😍😘❤️💐✨🔥💥🥳
Science never ceases to amaze me.The more we understand the more hungry we get.
Amazing
Awesome
Nice video ..❤
Best videos 🔥
Thanxxx😍
Plz....Make a video on Immune System
nice
My ❤son 😢at 2 years old had open heart surgery ❤. Most heart ❤️ felt moment . Seeing them fly him out for surgery.
What happen
He had open heart ♥️ surgery at 2 years old. He had Tetrology of Fallot .
Where the hospital was he had operated?
@@jofordariata409 Children’s Heart Institute in Illinois
Tnku
Uworld question squating increases svr reducing right to left shunt.
U r blessing :))
Can you please make some more
This is the same thing happened to my kitten , poor boy , such an active and playful kitten but he’s struggling with his breathing. This is uncommonly happens to cat, less than 1% of their population . Pray for my kitten 🙏🏼 He is Survivor .
May God bless your kitten good with good health! ❤️
Hello i want to know what happened to TOF without surgeries
It’s have tet spell and suddenly have infective endocarditis and stroke !
Wow
My friend has this and sometimes he has cramps in his heart and he has to band on his chest to stop it
i have tetralogy of fallot and i have surgery on the 28th of november this year and i'm very worried because it's in 2 weeks
👍
❤❤❤
I get more explanation about Tof
I am 7 month pregnant.doctor check 6th month scan.doctor said TOF my child.i was confused. Please help me doctor.
*Please help my brother he is heat befect* 😢😢😢
I have this problem. still I have this problem. no good operation in Bangladesh for this case
Amar seleyr tof somossa or boyos ak apnr ki obostha
OHSU in Oregon
My daughter one of that TOF she's born july 27 2021😭😭 i feel shock & cry, then i ask myself why my daughter..😭
I know of a man who can help you
Whatsapp him for help
I am studying in 7 th standard. My mother has heart disease . That is cyanotic congenital heart disease . We are very poor . What we can do . Please help my mother . What l can do for my mom . Please help
Your mother must be checked by a cardiologist, there is no way around it. Try to raise money online (Gofundme for example), but this needs to be handled by professionals, not random advices online. Good luck!
Can anyone tell me if surgery in the first year of life can help the child live a normal life without problems?
I had my surgery at 6 and I'm living a full life. Regular monitoring and check up with cardiologist.
@@msemilyli Can people get pneumonia and lung infections and asthma with Tetralogy of Fallot
Operations scars
Watch this movie also: Something the Lord Made
I'm at 1.37 40 then with this
I was affected by this disease by birth and now this is operated...
Alhamdulillah💫
Til now have u any problems about it ??
My nephew that born a month ago ,,, has the problem
So we are worry on it 😢😢
@@debashishtarafder1171 I’ve had it since birth. Had 3 surgeries as a baby and suffered a stroke due to complications. I’m 28 now and feel great. Have had almost no issues with it and have lived a relatively normal life to this point.
See OPB : TWO OREGONIANS INVENT HEART VALVE
Awesome