How a lead-acid battery works
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- čas přidán 6. 09. 2024
- Bill explains the essential principles of a lead-acid battery. He shows the inside of motorcycle lead-acid battery, removes the lead and lead-oxide plates and shows how they generate a 2 volt potential difference when placed in sulfuric acid. He explains how the build up of lead sulfate between the plates will make the battery unusable if it discharged completely, which leads him to a description of how to make a deep cycle battery used for collecting solar energy. You can find the status of future video series at this link: engineerguy-ide...
It's been more then 8 years yet this is still the best summary on how a battery works.
Making use of the czcams.com/users/postUgkxcJ22tnHH9l1vjdIdEIG27iOG55P7LXI8 reconditioning plan, I just saved 2 auto batteries from being completely junked. The guides were very simple to follow. I wish I would have found this years ago! You may use the guide to recondition any battery type
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Lead acid batteries are still practical, not only because of their unique properties that aren't matched by any other battery type, but also because we have an amazing lead-recycling infrastructure in place -- and we've had that in place for decades now! Lead acid batteries are *the* most recycled item -- more than 99% of all lead-acid batteries used today are recycled! (Compare that to 50% of aluminum cans, and 70% of office paper!) In fact, it's very likely that the lead in your car battery today was mined 50 or more years ago! It's been recycled that many times!
what about the acid though.
its a simple process to create and so long as we pay attention to recycling easy to reuse or enrich the acid
Glass is 100% recyclable. Though the problem is some people like to smash it all over the place.
@@tubester4567 gypsum and bauxite. Water treatment plants.
Capacitor banks are way better than car batteries... look em up
I really enjoyed the explanation of trade-offs. As an engineer, I find that is the hardest thing to explain to the users; no matter what the design, there will always be some kind of trade off.
im thinking of transferring out of my university because im an electrical engineer but all my physics and chem teachers are horrible most of the stuff i have to learn on my own and spend hours researching it because they cant explain it, you make me feel like transferring to the University of Illinois because your sooo goodd at explaining complex concepts! i love your videos
I like this channel very much for the simple explanations, but this video was surprisingly specific but straightforward to follow. Very good stuff.
Now I realize this video is two years old and I feel ashamed.
Leonardo Rothe Tagliafico
Thank you for your kind words ... much appreciated ....
Engineer Guy is such a great teacher of what's behind common everyday things and so clear to follow. Subscribed with pleasure.
I as well love and appreciate this channel. I was expecting a part about recharging the battery though. Is the reaction reversible up to a point?
I would love to learn how to developed a battery especially on how to create a Laptop battery and make it last longer
Great job on these videos! Your explanations are clear and concise and you don't dumb things down, I'm thoroughly impressed and I want to thank you for taking your time to do this.
Really enjoyed this one, especially the conversion of the sli to deep cycle illustration.
One of my favorite personalities on youtube.
Watching the videos and reading the book gives me no end of appreciation for engineers. Thanks for everything.
In solution, sulphuric acid forms the equilibrium H2SO4(aq) ↔ HSO4-(aq) + H+(aq). The presence of the proton (H+ ion) is what makes a solution acidic. The acid's conjugate anion (HSO4-) is what was shown reacting in the equations.
This is rapidly becoming my favourite CZcams channel. Bill, have you thought about doing some videos explaining more simpler concepts of engineering (eg: electrical concepts, ohms, amps, current; or the laws of thermodynamics, etc etc) Your presenting style would really lend itself well to it, imho. Definitely better than my high school chem/physics teacher. :) anyway.
Engineerguy pointing at lead acid battery while shoving away the lithium ion one:
" This might be the most important one of them all"
Lithium ion : "Hold my battery water.."
I would love to learn how to developed a battery especially on how to create a Laptop battery and make it last longer. Where can I learn more about how to create and developed a battery ??
If you mean a short inside the motor causing a stall, there is a dramatic drop in resistance which results in a rise in amperage. E=IR. The voltage drop is unchanged at first, until the battery dies or a fuse blows or wires melt.
I'm glad to read that you are busy making more videos.
One point also worth considering when discussing lead acid batteries is that the acid freezing point is much higher when the battery is discharged. So, if you store equipment outside in winter, the battery should not be allowed to discharge completely, for two reasons. First, sulphation may shorten the life of the battery, and second, the discharged battery may freeze and crack, mechanically killing it much more quickly.
"now with current technology" lol unintended puns, though....
This may be the best explanation I've seen. Even answered a question that arose in my head regarding "off-the-grid" power storage app.Thanks!
CZcams's last hope.
Literally the only videos I get excited to see uploaded to this site.
Such an underrated channel.
I've had good luck desulfating batteries by temporarily using high current from an already charged battery to bring it up to a chargeable state.
Connect a larger battery in parallel, with a charger simultaneously connected, until the charger registers the otherwise, inert battery?
When bill whips the battery around and it has no pants... you know the man is serious.
I loved that rotating table; we don’t use it anymore
@@engineerguyvideo The lazy susan stays close to my heart and also you can make em yourself with a little ingenuity - get it? 2 plates and a few marbles. and bam. We spinning. :)
i usually don't subscribe to any channel but after watching, i had to. your explanation was so detailed yet simple enough to understand and you have good practical examples.
one of the best channel on youtube....by quite a long shot.....
Put up a donation page and make this happen! You have a great teaching style.
Thanks for showing me once and for all what is inside my car battery. :-)
Very educational video. I change lead motive power batteries at work and always wanted to see the inside of one. Soon I will be a battery technician repairing or replacing busted cells.
Bring back Engineer Guy! I need more!
A tip for future videos. Don't shrug your shoulder so often. Once you notice it, it's hard to ignore it.
Love your videos.
That would be amazing. I intend on doing engineering in college, but can't decide what field to delve into, most likely mechanical, aeronautical or electronic. Alas I'm only 17 yet, but your videos give me a head start.
T. Roadster is not a common EV, and use a very expensive battery. Common Li batteries become very dangerous when combined in a lot of cells.I don't say that there aren't prototypes of all sorts, and you have a point here.I saw 2 years ago, that a very common hybrid car type , the one you can afford, uses 2 lead batteries: one for starter, and one for storage (deep cell type). The guy explained to me that the "lead solution" is the cheapest and most reliable. Nice conversation, sir .
No idea what any of this means, but just hearing you explain scientific stuff and display all these cool things intruiges me enough. 👍
Do a kickstarter. Make videos and put it in the description. People love this stuff!
I know you didn't say this, but just so that no one misunderstands, it is never wise to freeze a lead acid car battery. Once frozen, any warranty on a car battery is void because of expansion cracking of the case. It is worth noting that the freezing point of fluid in the liquid cell is much higher if the battery is discharged, so it's a lot easier to accidentally freeze a car battery that is already dead. So, especially in winter, charge unused vehicle batteries regularly.
Just watched all of your videos in a sitting. I love them. Keep up the great work. I'm definitely going to get your book soon. Thank you for these, you're awesome!
me too after 9 yrs
This channel is an inspiration to me.
Hmm, lead is very dense. Much like the amount of amazing information packed into this video!
Old rule of thumb was 1A per Ci of displacement. Really depends on the efficiency of the starters windings, the compression ratio of the engine, and the gear reduction of the starter vs. flywheel ring gear. In other words..... "it depends". :D
Thank you very much for this video.
I don't know why but I geek out for battery tech.🤷♂️🔋
I could watch these videos all day
Brilliant video..I'm busy testing how well lead crystal batteries do at very deep cycling. Cheers, Martin.
I really liked this video. I never really knew how those batteries worked. I always learn something new with your videos. Kudos to you and your entire team!! Great Job Everyone!!
Bill, I just wanted to say this was my favorite topic in the companion book and I enjoyed the video very much. The visuals in this video helped me understand the concepts even better. Thank you!
Is it true that ALL batteries are technically in theory rechargeable (even alkaline) since all chemical reactions are reversible if you add energy back into them (or pull energy out) ?
this the best channel on youtube. period.
It's not necessarily the greenest battery when thrown in the garbage but just about every store that sells these batteries must recycle the old ones, that is why you're charged a core deposit fee if you don't have the old battery. Once you bring back the old one, they refund you for the core deposit. There are also newer versions of this lead acid battery known as Absorbed Glass Matt (AGM) and we're now seeing lithium ion, the same type of battery found in your smartphone. AGM is an improvement in capacity and cranking power as well as longevity and typically comes with a much greater warranty usually about 4-6 years. They require less maintenance and don't have any free flowing acid which means there's no need to check for the acid levels in the cells and no spillage. The downside to the AGM battery is that if you discharge them too much they're harder to bring back, they're heavier, and they're more expensive. Then there's lithium which provides even better results than AGM batteries but in a much lighter package. There's a certain BMW M model that uses one and some stores sell lithium powersport batteries found in motorcycles, ATVs, dirt bikes, and jet skis. They're often times more expensive than AGM batteries but have an even longer life cycle but must be pulse charged and require a lithium ion rated charger. If you use the wrong charger it could damage the battery and lithium can be a volatile substance as we've seen in the Galaxy Note 7 if not properly charged or maintained.
This video is 8 years old, but still useful today
You are a brilliant teacher.
Just to let you know, that your videos are being watched all the way in Trnava, Čačak, Serbia. :)
Excellent video! I don't know if this is the right channel for this, but could you explain why lead-acid batteries deliver less current when cold? Something about ion tunneling? I have 0% knowledge about that, other than there is apparently ions that may or may not tunnel ( through something ).
This man has taught me so much, and made me even more interested in things that I know about
1:05 charged plate - plain Lead
2:41 Discharged plate - Lead Sulphate coated
I love your work, Bill. I would love it if you dedicated a few episodes to a few mechanical processes that makes cars work. Like the internal combustion engine, or the differential or anything related.
excellent way Bill presents his video classes. superb tutor.
I love this guy. Explain easy and clear all about the technology. Very, very interesting.
It is indeed opposite. That is due to the definition of current direction. In most definitions in electricity, the direction is based on positive charges. Since the electron is the negative charge (again, a matter of definition), the current will be the opposite of its direction, since the current will be the direction of movement of positive charges. That also applies to electric fields, described as the direction of force applied on a POSITIVE charge.
Mark Hamill is so multi-talented
Good video with real lead acid battery. Thanks.
Amazing how this school has two huge CZcams channels, this one and IllinoisEnergyProfessor's
Good on ya mate, well done. The perfect balance of complexity and time. Would love to see scope and sequence across other battery systems like LiPo for my students - and myself! Keep up the great work, and the books too!
bill, when ya comin' back?
Eloquent and precise.
Best channel on CZcams.
thank you for all the wonderful knowledge. Every time after watching your videos (and i've seen all of them) I feel like curing cancer or creating renewable energy, or some magnificent feat through the intricate designs only achieved by engineers.
Excellent video.
I'm reading the Atomic Clock chapter on my Kindle version of your book. Very Interesting.
That makes me sad, but I understand. Please continue to make awesome videos!
Thank you, engineer guy, your videos are very amusing, informative and useful. Hello from cold Russia.
Great quality content. Straight to the point. Short, concise, knowledge-packed video.
This is very interesting as it could explain something. So Ive had a problem with my car in which it kept running the battery dead, finally I removed the fuse for the thing that was doing it but it still died. I had no idea what was wrong at that point. Perhaps it was because it had run to empty dozens of times and just cant hold a charge anymore.
For ICE starting, a heavy lead battery can be replaced with a much smaller secondary battery like LiFePO4 & a 6S supercapacitor bank of a few hundred farads.
Can you do a video on how the first phonograph worked. By the way the videos are fantastic and easy to follow.
You should do a video on how an Assault Rifle works, though it doesn't sound like your type of field, from what I know they are extremely interesting and complex machines and I would love to see you break it down.
I can't believe there are 3 people dislike this great video. Keep up the good work.
Dat shoulder shuffle.
Thanks for the update. Really looking foward to what you have next!
I really enjoyed reading your book, but please please please release the next season sooner this time! I love these videos and can't wait for more!
There are some theories about breaking the lead sulfate layer on a "dead" battery with a high voltage, low amperage charge, typically 160 percent of its normal operating voltage.
I have been hesitant to try this to say the least. Perhaps if I am stranded somewhere and i was dependent on that battery working.
its amazing what people created over time. just a simple battery is a miracle IMO!
Excellent explanation.
Please keep going beyond theory as you do in this video. Thanks for sharing your knowledge.
I remember building a crude lead acid battery back in middle school.. Good times...
Excellent video. Extremely informative, and very well presented. A well deserved thumbs up from me! :)
I would love to see a video you make on using peltier chips, both in cooling/heating and as a potential power source as they give off electrons via temperature differences. They are really marvels of simple but useful technology.
If not inefficient
you've got to love this guys voice! :)
From what I've learned in college, it's good to let secondary batteries (such as those in cell phones and other electronics) occasionally die out completely before recharging, so the battery will last longer. I understand the energy storing is quite different, perhaps you could do a segment on secondary batteries?
It depends on the battery chemistry. Lithium ion batteries generally should be kept as close as possible to 50%. Lead acid should be kept fully charged. Ni-Cd batteries should be fully cycled each time. Ni-MH batteries don't really care.
Your explanations are perfect . Thank You .
Found your channel while watching Veritasium. Subscribed. Excellent stuff.
it would be insteresting to see a deep overview of all the batteries listed.
Based on the information you've given us about a traditional car or motorcycle battery, that they "die" simply due to the buildup of lead sulfate, would this also imply we could theoretically "fix" the battery by disassembling it, grinding and polishing the plates back to new status, and reassembling it? I'm assuming the answer is yes, and this is why you get such a large discount for returning a "core" when you buy a new one. Is that correct?
Anyway you can do a series of videos on the Standard Model of Particle Physics? I bet you'd explain it so well that 5 year olds would understand it.
We love your videos bill, hope to see more!!
I feel really sad that it is taking so long for this next set of videos. What is up? Your videos were always some of the coolest on CZcams.
I think it's a prefect explanation!👍
I love how your videos are in creative commons
I found myself here -often- not for the topics but because Hammack!! .
You have a great video here, You're very professional and the video is well edited so that it is all around a very well made teaching video.
they are for relativelt small devices like a fone or a laptop. but they dont provide enough output amps to turn over the starter motor in a car.
Thanks for another knowledge bomb! Great video!
You were always my saver...now too...since the starting of my class 12!
One wonders if the Pb plates and the PB02 plates were separated into two individual cells and then simultaneously pump electrolyte back and forth between the two sides in a controlled manner, if you could control the amperage output by the speed of the pumping action. The reaction producing current could only happen as fast as the electrolyte could exchange electrons.