Mining This Rock Unlocks the Bronze Age
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- čas přidán 19. 06. 2019
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To finally enter the bronze age, I pay a visit to Geevor tin mine (geevor.com/) in Cornwall, UK to collect a sample of ore and learn more about the history behind this metal.
Thank you to Lewis Dartnell, be sure to check out his books:
The Knowledge: amzn.to/2x8hmBG
Origins: amzn.to/2IOxHAU
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My boy about to do a full walkthrough of the human tech tree.
he leveled up.
Wow, called it...
1453
Including bronze age collapse 😢
Louis next book should be called the golden age :p the age of communication
I can't wait until he gets to mining uranium and making a nuclear power plant
From what I understand it would be much easier to use Thorium instead. Because it's more common and easier to prepare. Would still need a little uranium though for the process.
@@The_Great_Wrennicles_the_IV do you watch sam o'nella?
XDDDD
Recreate the DEMON CORE! XDDDD
@@The_Great_Wrennicles_the_IV and because Thorium has a much higher nuclear output compared to its radioactive leftovers. It puts out much less than Uranium.
HTME at the beginning: Let's see if I can't make some basic foodstuffs.
HTME now: "I'd love to see a steam engine that you've made."
best channel 2020
@@songohan5960 stop being so negative, the world doesn't need more of that.
@@songohan5960 You explain some negative points, and casually end with:" this guy should quit or kill himself." Lmao
Tired of using lame, sad metal?
Introducing *bronze*
Made with special ingredient tin from the far lands of Tin Land!
(I don't know my dealer won't tell me where he gets it)
When your dealer finally tells you where he gets the tin
This sounds familiar
@@thelukesternater bill wurtz.
*WE CAN MAKE A RELIGION OUT OF THAT*
Darkened Shadow killing children?
Well done.
While there is a lot of discussion possible about why the transition from bronze to iron was made, it was probably not primarily because the iron tools and weapons, in the beginning, were superior to bronze ones. In fact bronze is stronger and can be made harder than pure iron. It's only when steel started to be made that there begun to be an obvious superiority of iron over bronze, but the process was long and slow lasting hundreds of years. However, the driving factor for the transition seems to have been the significant decrease of bronze availability due to the disruption of trade networks at the end of the bronze age, the so-called invasion of the "sea peoples" leading to the late bronze age collapse around 1200BCE. Suddenly copper and tin could not be brought together to form the alloy, and promoted search for alternative processes.
Sounds reasonable. A material in higher abundance will often win out over one that's harder to obtain.
I'm also going to add here that this is also a part of the reason why it's important to note that the whole "Stone age", "Bronze age" "Iron age" etc system isn't actually a linear progression of technological or societal advancement. Rather, it's just a retroactive label we give to different periods of Eurasian history. The reason this is so important is because a lot of people incorrectly assume that some cultures or civilizations are more or less complex solely based on their choice of material used for tools and weapons. The Mesoamericans (Aztec, Maya, etc) and Andeans (Inca, etc) often get labelled as "Stone age" cultures (despite the fact that both groups actually did have bronze metallurgy) simply because wood and stone was the primary materials used for tools, despite the fact that both were far more complex then that in virtually every other respect: Larger Mesoamerican cities dwarfed even the largest cities from Bronze age Mesopotamia and Egypt, even giving some large Roman, Persian, and Greek cities from classical anitquity and Medieval europe a run for their money in size (Teotihuacan for example, outright covered a larger area then Rome did at it's height, and with virtually all it's citizens in fancy multi-room palace complexes) and the complexity of their water mangement systems (interconnected water resvoirs, agricultural canals, aquaducts, and drainage systems were ubiquitous, with running water, sewage systems, toilets, etc being in a number of cities) Their goverments, political systems, economics, military complexity, mathematics, and artistic and intellectual achievements are all also more complexity then a "stone age" monkier implies, variously being more comparable to what you see in Bronze, Iron, Classical, or Medieval societies.
@@MajoraZ Of course; I should add that the bronze age collapse that I referred to above only applies to classical Mediterranean civilization. Perhaps one of the reasons why centro- and south-American cultures didn't transition off bronze was the lack of "sea peoples" to invade them... Until some "sea peoples" showed up soon after 1492, and then it was too late.
Umm it's more widespread because of two things;the most of the surface level bronze was used up;and second iron was so much more abundant even before they started mining bronze;it's just that they could only be used like ornatments(pyrite) coz of the 1,5k C melting point.
A great period summarized greatly.
This video contains material suitable for miners.
enilenis that was punny
Clap
"Miners, not minors!"
I see what you did there....
Good one
Congratulations! You have reached level 30 Smiting. You can now create Steel Bars!
I was kicked out of the steel bar for steeling bronze bars!
@@boksunni1211 whenever we unlock jet fuel
Skyrim??
@@mortysmith5556 No its runescape
@@thewillyman5401 I feel like its skyrim
Copper and tin rarely found together
That makes Cornwall rare. The unofficial motto of Cornwall in the Cornish language is Pysk, sten ha cober - Fish, tin and copper
As far as i know, theyer found anywhere theres old valcanos, like most of the western U.S.
thats why i love living in Cornwall its special its rare and all the history
35 or so years ago I worked in geology in cornish tin mines. It's sad now they are mostly gone.
I am Cornish born and proud of it.
@@paularowe7651 With a name like Rowe I've no doubt of it!
@@schwadevivre4158 Thanks for that!
Nothing beats watching middle-aged british men talking about manual labour and mechanical processing of stuff
You said it best
His american for correction and I hope i wont get wooooshed
@Jade Micro Yeah but all the people he talks to about bronzemaking are English.
@@theincognitoguy9856 wooosh
Jade Micro lmao I like how you correct someone but uses his instead of he’s
I respect miners from all ages , so much of the world was built by the" blood /sweat & lives" of these people.
Hearing that you've started up the idea of making everything from actual scratch again makes me VERY happy. Don't get me wrong, videos like these where you show how to extract an item, and then make the tool from semi-sourced materials are still really good, but to see you make literally every piece of the puzzle yourself is going to be such an amazing improvement to your channel.
When seperating out the iron dust it might be more practical to put a plastic bag around the magnet first. That way it's not as annoying to clean up
you should have gone to south-east Varrock mine
Beware of bears tho
@@mrfatboy327 Don't forget to take your bronze dagger.
Watch out for the hob goblins, I hear there’s diplomacy happening north of falador, a bit west of the black knights castle. If you’re lucky, you’ll carry some dyes and eye of newt from south of edgeville. The head hobgoblin loves dyed armor. Watch out for the witch when traveling near Karamja
Why not pay a visit to Romeo and Juliet when visiting south east varrock mine
Just go south of lumbridge! Haha
In 40+ years: How to build a computer processor.
Let me know, if you need help. With some luck I'll still be around.
No, how to build a nuclear reactor
Ben eater starts typing
@Jules Vallez it's actually not that difficult if you know somewhat what you are doing. You wouldn't even need a full screen, as long as you can get information to the storage and from the processor in some form
@@hansdietrich83 exactly. some blinking LEDs (or even light bulbs) are sufficient to deliver digital data to the user.
Look for the Altair 8800
Reminds me of that guy who built a computer inside minecraft :D
Very tasteful and relevant segway of Mel chemistry in a tin mining video, well done. I appreciate that you have an actual mining engineer explain the mining process. As an engineer (electrical), I feel you have definitely added credibility to your videos, by using professionals to explain the actual history. Good show. Cheers from Canada.
Can’t wait until he makes the video in 2136
“Making a nuke | the technology of the past”
Well, the tech is over 70 years old, and well known. The problem's mostly with getting the nuclear material. If you go with the Hiroshima design, it's also pretty easy to manufacture, though less safe. A Fat Man type bomb is gonna be more complex because of the implosion mirrors, but there's plenty of precision machining to go around.
Alexandru Ianu r/who wait what now
Can you cover information on the rock that Spongebob was able to ride, so he could deliver the Krusty Krab Pizza?
probably a stone fish (idk it’s real name)
r you justin y №2?
wow thats nice we are on the internet
It wasnt a rock, its a bolder! Compleatly different type of transport.
Been bingewatching this channel for the last weeks. The concept of making everything from scratch is really interesting so im glad a new video is out
This is a great vid, pretty cool seeing the methods used for working out the ore.
I use to work in Metal Scrap removal for a decade, me & my Grandpa tried to convince locals to recycle their metals rather than throwing them out in the landfills just to be buried. All the mines are completely empty in my location, they no longer bare any materials any further. But the people still tend to waste metal rather than making use out of them.
This video is breathtakingly amazing. Keep up the good work. Look forward to see how all elements of the periodic table are extracted and refined, and put to use.
I realized in all this time, you guys haven't made a magnet yet!
Please, when you get to working with Iron, make the first side-project crating a magnet! It's not too difficult, there are several methods, and there's a ton to talk about with regards to its impact on history and its discovery!
Dartnell's new book is *exactly* the kind of thing I find unbelievably interesting, you can rest assured I'll be picking up a copy the instant I have the spare money!
I love the direction your channel is going. Keep it up. I don't always watch your videos but they always entertain and educate me. Thank you for all you do man.
Great series!! Can't wait for the next episode
Tin has a melting point of 449.5º F which is equivalent to 231.9º C.
Tin has a melting point of 231.93°C, or 449.47°F, or 505.08 K.
Enjoyed the video as a Geologist whose ancestors are from Cornwall. THX.
Ober da, Cornish and proud mate
wow, that mine guide is incredibly knowledgeable, i love listening to experts in their field giving tours of what they know best, bless him
No you don't
Very cool. If you are ever in the area of Virginia City, Nevada, give the cemetery a visit, it contains a lot of old headstones that say 'Here lies such and such and ends with...he was a native of Cornwall. Most of those guys died in incidents where a pick went into ancient steam columns and it was Lobster city. May they rest in peace. Some got rich too. The mining tech was absolutely ahead of it's time.
I've been to cornwall many times, I love it there, one of the most interesting places in the UK
Drained from cornwall myself. Thank you
Kernow !
gusson
Kernow born and raised still here bleddy love it
kernewek an prout
That's funny, I was just watching the periodic table of videos episode on tin. Tin is quite fun for a variety of reasons, you may even be able to make some red and yellow dyes from certain tin compounds when you make your shirt.
Kieran M how the heck could you write that so fast?
2 hrs ago
Thats what i am wondering.
Thats awesome
Something i think about while watching this channel is how much i appreciate specialization you can learn how to make everything but it won't be nearly as good as someone who became an expert at it someone who honed their craft and became great at doing what you wanna do. This channel is amazing but yeah the power of specialization is quite impressive i firmly believe that's what pushes us towards innovation and this channel just makes me appreciate it as well as the effort put in to prove that you can also learn to make everything
everyone else: where sponsored by audible!
HtME: were sponsered by CHEMISTRY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
I love
*Raid, Shadow Legends
Thank you. Its one thing to know the metals that evolutionized human civilization but quite another to see what men, women, and children went through to mine the ore.
Interesting fact: basque Spanish team Athletic de Bilbao chant alirón when they win a cup. This comes from the English who wrote “all iron” on their mines when they found iron. Shows the spread of technology just like your Minnesota mine
Great stuff! I love how you follow through the whole process. The melting point of tin is 231.9 °C
I love this channel. Every once in a while i come back and binge watch all the episodes. Its awesome
5 years later: making a nuclear power plant from scratch.
25 years later: let's make a new planet from scratch
0:44 if you have headphones. It'll probably break your head when he says 'bronze'.
whoa wtf happened to the audio-
Tin melts at 232C (231.9)
Really looking forward to the future. It really is the process that makes this channel so interesting. Taking on the added challenge of using “period correct” tools/processes deserves ALL our gratitude. I wish you the best and I can’t wait 😃
I watched two videos this evening. First time I have happened across this channel. Amazing. Thank you. Subscribed!
the melting point of tin in celcuis is 231.9, in kelvin 505,2 K and in fahrenheit 449.5
and the boiling point of tin in Celcuis is 2602
Thats actually quite interesting. That rock is probably The only thing left from The bronze age.
you you and the world...
Also every natural resource
@@vad3ryt828 lmao
@@vad3ryt828 and even countless ruins in varying states of destruction that have become well known vacation destinations literally all over Europe and Africa.
people find bronze age artefacts all the time, they're naturally much more corrosion resistant than iron, so there's actually about as many surviving bronze artefacts as there is iron ones. roundhouses, hedges/field systems and workings also survive across most of the world, you just need to know where to look for them.
He is actually doing it, i mean seriously he's learning the early struggle, and some struggles people do every day
I love watching the growth! Keep it up man!
Great video as always. And I would consider getting a sledge hammer. not less than 2kg, not more than 4kg. Then you method with the towel and the stone works. Just get a bigger towel.
Can you make a robot lumber jack with tin with no heart
@disco potato We're all mad here!
Btw, both comments (excluding yours, of course) are referring to Alice In Wonderland.
I got that reference.
@@SapioiT Wait a goddamn minute, the original comment refers to the "Wizard of Oz" NOT "Alice in Wonderland" like yours does.
Anakin Lumluk
Yep it’s Oz alright.
There are several locations in Australia where alluvial tin can still be gathered by fossickers.
Among them are Marble Bar in West Australia, Queensland and the northern Territory although it is by no means a comprehensive list.
"The alloy of copper and tin, BOZ
31.9 C TIN is much softer then TUNGSTEN at 3422 c but close to LEAD at 327.5....
i luv vids like this ... ty
You can find copper and tin together in south east varrock mine.
Best place to start your mining adventure no pesky scorpion
We got to visit that mine when I was in Cub Scouts. (I grew up in Maine.)
Nice work on the videos. Very interesting. I did not know tin was so rare.
Tin melts at 231.93°/449.47°F
Since you mentioned being from Minnesota, as I am, and the Tower-Soudan mine. I have a personal story about that mine. In the summer of 1965 I
was between my 7th & 8th grades and attended a St. Louis County Historical Society class one day a week in Duluth. For one of our field trips, we went to the Tower-Soudan mine and got to see it the day before the governor of the state, Karl F. Rolvaag, dedicated the mine as a state park. We were not to tell anyone that we were there ahead of the governor. Being 54 years later, I thinks it's OK to tell the story.
The steam engine sounds really cool. I saw a cool video by machine thinking on. The origins of precision. I'd check it out.
makerj101 already beat him to the combustion engine but that was built out of junk parts and so on..
I like how he said "Niece or Nephew" instead of "son or daughter"
Good video, casting anything doesn't work if your in a hurry lol. It's like the metal senses it! Love you
This was really interesting! Your videos are always fun to watch, thank you!!!
Please try to make a diving helmet and suit from scratch.
Thank you for the likes. And replies.
More like? Awesome! Let’s try to let Andy know how much we want this. 😁
Or a diving bell.
Or a dry suit. I like your reply
Tin has a melting point of 231, 9 °C!!
google
Half than zinc.
I particularly enjoyed this one as I live only 15 minutes away from Geevor. And you found it in sunshine, and not fog!
Mr Berryman is this another Cornishman I found on here proud of our Celtic country
Good and Basic just did a really good video on this, I liked that theirs was with just one very VERY knowledgeable old man.
@8:41 "Victory Shaft" There are jokes in there somewhere. I'm sure the miners thought up a few themselves: Who wants the victory shaft" The victory shaft keeps going deeper.
Kind of like a "Victory Garden". There was a war going on at the time.
Instant subscribe and like - STEM is the strength of our modern world. Love Earth. Love Life. Love One Another. Love Truth. Love Science !
Love LOVE .
Thank you very very much for that, only the unloved hates.
@@fisterB The sponsor chemistry kits are very interesting - i wanna buy 'em ! :-)
Holy crap! I was camping up by Tower MN not too long ago! It's a beautiful place.
one of my best friend is the curator at Geevor tin mine museum. His old man was one of the last miners out when it closed and i believe he was also one of the rescue miner.
Tin is such a lovely metal, it’s a shame it’s so rare. It’s literally lead, but safe
Depends where you live. I could go and dig out a couple of kilos from the bottom of my garden.
An ancient Greek style steam engine would be fairly simple to make, compared to one with valves and pistons anyhow
For Tin, Sn, the melting point is 449.5°F or 231.9°C, If we go further, the melting point of Copper, Cu, is 1,984°F or 1,085°C. The melting point of Bronze, assuming the combination of only Copper and Tin in varying ratios is roughly 1,742 degrees F or 950 degrees C.
I hope that is helpful. I went a bit further than you asked because I was intrigued and wanted to know the various melting points for each of the components and them, of the combined metals into their final for as Bronze.
I enjoyed the video and my Grandsons did, as well.
Very cool! I studied metallurgy for many years, but I always wondered how bronze age man discovered and processed the metals. We take many things for granted. I remember the movie the "Time Machine" and at the end, the scientist takes books to the future. The narrator asked, "What books would you take?"
medicine related stuff, chemistry books, and stuff on weapons. if we get the social order right and improve healthcare to near modern levels rest doesn't matter
I second to see you build a steam engine!!! I want to know if you use organic lubrication and how to make the system water right without rubber!
Bronze bushings wouldn't need much lubrication. He has tin so he could solder joints to make them water tight.
Cornish for mine: "bal." Is this in any way related to the etymological origin for the phrase "bowels (bals) of the Earth"?
no, bowel has i think a latin root, while as Cornish is from the Brythonic Celtic language group - along with Welsh and Breton. If you're interested, there is a movement to revive the language after it all but died out
I'm really glad that you went to Cornwall, my family is originally from there, I had heard that the UK has really high amounts of Tin and that the Romans used to want people mining for that reason
The melting point of Tin is 232C or 449.4F. I just found this channel and I really like it, so informative. My Father was a chemical engineer and metallurgist, so now I can better understand what he did and talked about. You just got my subscription :)
The melting point of tin is 449 fahrenheit if I'm not mistaken
I was curious about how they solved the challenge of extracting the tin from rock in bronze age, but i was disappointed. What is the point of wanting to extract the tin yourself, but using the modern techniques?
It's so rare that the only place he'd find it now is in an old mine, all the surface stuff was taken millennia ago, and those mines are protected from people going in with pickaxes because they're too dangerous.
I don't want him to go into a mine and mine it himself. He can get the ore from wherever he wants. He can even order it online for all i care. Ore is ore whether he gets it himself or not, he doesn't have to waste time finding it. What i really wanted him to do was to extract the tin using bronze age techniques instead of modern ones he showed...
@@N0xiety Ah sorry. In that case you have a good point.
(7:46) It's worth mentioning the problem of tin whiskers forming from solder, an issue that plagued some electronics, until the issue was finally realized, and a solution was developed.
One very popular use of tin is as pewter. Pewter used to be an alloy of lead and tin, but as we came to realize how poisonous lead is, the formula for pewter became 92.5% tin and 07.5 copper. If you were to remove the chemically induced oxidation on modern pewter and polished it, you would end up with an object brighter than silver or aluminum, and it would stay brighter because tin is highly resistant to oxidation or corrosion. It doesn't tarnish.
I live about 50 minutes from that mine. Crazy to see it in a video.
7:56 are you assuming that we are too nerdy to reproduce and do these experiments with our own children? Hehe
Tin melts at about 450 degrees Fahrenheit or roughly 230 degrees Centigrade. So who invented the thermometer to measure these temperatures and how was that done? For our approximate usages, the bellows furnace heated stuff up until it glowed red hot, then white hot, until finally it melted and pooled into droplets at the bottom of the ceramic container. We could identify what was being melted by its characteristics, like separating out iron by magnetic attraction or reaction to certain acids.
You should do a complete renewable energy builds from the ground up series. That would be fun.
Wait... you made Nutella from scratch? Awesome!
He was in Britain - probably Marmite. 🤢
I know you like you weapons series but I'm still waiting for HTME Up cycle episode 2
449.5°F wow that is a lot lower than I expected. Thank you for sharing this with us my 6 year old son loves learning how the world works.
449.5 F° Love the videos and looking forward to the changes! Keep it up!
Since you have the copper, you should get some zinc and make brass!
Great video, but I think it's important to note that the whole "Stone age", "Bronze age" "Iron age" etc system isn't actually a linear progression of technological or societal advancement. Rather, it's just a retroactive label we give to different periods of Eurasian history. As anpother comment notes, early Iron weapons were actually inferior to bronze ones, for example. A lot of people incorrectly assume that some cultures or civilizations are more or less complex solely based on their choice of material used for tools and weapons. The Mesoamericans (Aztec, Maya, etc) and Andeans (Inca, etc) often get labelled as "Stone age" cultures (despite the fact that both groups actually did have bronze metallurgy) simply because wood and stone was the primary materials used for tools, despite the fact that both were far more complex then that in virtually every other respect: Larger Mesoamerican cities dwarfed even the largest cities from Bronze age Mesopotamia and Egypt, even giving some large Roman, Persian, and Greek cities from classical anitquity and Medieval europe a run for their money in size (Teotihuacan for example, outright covered a larger area then Rome did at it's height, and with virtually all it's citizens in fancy multi-room palace complexes) and the complexity of their water mangement systems (interconnected water resvoirs, agricultural canals, aquaducts, and drainage systems were ubiquitous, with running water, sewage systems, toilets, etc being in a number of cities) Their goverments, political systems, economics, military complexity, mathematics, and artistic and intellectual achievements are all also more complexity then a "stone age" monkier implies, variously being more comparable to what you see in Bronze, Iron, Classical, or Medieval societies.
Keep up the great work, Andy.
Would be nice to see an attempt of making transistor .... sourcing the germanium etc ;)
Also tin melts at 231,9 °C
Me: sees the video that was just uploaded,clicks on the video hoping to be one of the first 10
Add pups up right when I clicked
Also me: Ahh darn it...I almost got it
cool story
Oof, never clicked on a video this early!
Never seen unoriginal comments coming so early...
ive never seen the most stupidest relpy so early
False, the comment that says first is the earliest, most unorigional, stupidest comment on the entire video
thanks for the series! the melting point of tin 231.9c 449.5f
I love these questions! The melting point of tin is about 231.9 degrees Celsius
On what y level is it the most plentyfull
y=20-55 Enjoy
Oh, was just watching your pinhole camera video
Great work guy's many thanks
melting point of tin is 449.5°F
Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50. Tin is a silvery metal that characteristicly has a faint yellow hue. Tin, like indium, is soft enough to be cut without much force. Wikipedia
Symbol: Sn
Boiling point: 4,716°F (2,602°C)
Atomic mass: 118.71 u
Atomic number: 50
Melting point: 449.5°F (231.9°C)
Electron configuration: [Kr] 4d105s25p2
Did you know: Tin salts sprayed onto glass are used to produce electrically conductive coatings.
I hope you had some pasties.
I'm doing an elements collection, and after 5 years I still haven't found tin.
I've found Copper, Iron, Zinc, Cabon, Tungsten, Uranium (Ore only), Mercury, Lead, aluminum, MAgnesium, and Gold.
Just buy some leas free solder, some of themmare 100% tin. If you are doing the collection from elements you 3xtracted, then its a bit harder ☺
love this narrative. 449.5°F
231.9°C
Tin, silver and gold in Cornwall, copper, manganese and arsenic in Devon.(you might have to google the south west of Britian for context)
My Grand parents were cremated then released on Trevose head, I'm very pleased they found a neolithic to Roman settlement there a few years later, they are not alone
.Of course, Padstow is still occupied (though not by the Cornish) There's a BBC documentary about Trevose head somewhere, or it could be a time team episode!
My Family were steel workers from Sheffield, go figure, metal is in the blood??