Stromboli Volcano Update; Pyroclastic Flows Generated, Crater Collapses

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  • čas přidán 20. 07. 2024
  • On October 9th, a section of the summit crater wall of Mount Stromboli collapses, releasing an energetic pyroclastic flow. This flow moved at a speed of more than 30 miles per hour towards the coastline, before entering the sea and travelling a few dozen meters. Additionally, a moderate size lava flow is pouring out of the crater of Stromboli as of the making of this video. So, what is likely to happen next? How common or uncommon are eruptions like this at Mount Stromboli? This video will answer these two questions and discuss the ongoing eruption.
    I would like to give a special thanks to: Steven H, @volcanohull (Twitter), for granting me permission to use his video footage.
    If you would like to support this channel, consider becoming a patron at / geologyhub .
    Another way to support this channel is to make an order via our gemstone and geology related etsy store at prospectingarizona.etsy.com.
    This channel's merch store is also on etsy at geologyhub.etsy.com.
    Graphics, tables, and images which contain eruption dates, lengths, and/or VEIs are sourced from (and sometimes courtesy of) the Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institution (although sometimes with minor changes made by GeologyHub). volcano.si.edu/
    Citation: Global Volcanism Program, 2013. Volcanoes of the World, v. 4.11.2 (02 Sep 2022). Venzke, E (ed.). Smithsonian Institution. Downloaded 7 Oct 2022. doi.org/10.5479/si.GVP.VOTW4-....
    Source of Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) methodology and criteria: Newhall, C. G., and Self, S. (1982), The volcanic explosivity index (VEI) an estimate of explosive magnitude for historical volcanism, J. Geophys. Res., 87( C2), 1231- 1238, doi:10.1029/JC087iC02p01231. Accessed / Read on Oct 5 2022.
    Google Earth imagery used in this video: ©Google & Data Providers
    Thumbnail Photo Credit: Derivative screengrab image from a video (resized, cropped, + other modifications) from (INGVvulcani, / ingvvulcani , CZcams Commons, • Stromboli, 9 ottobre 2... , CC BY 3.0), and is used & licensed under CC BY 3.0 by / geologyhub
    0:00 A New Explosive Eruption
    0:44 Location of Mount Stromboli
    1:07 Strombolian Eruptions
    1:52 Vulcanian Eruptions
    2:35 Collapse Scarp
    3:38 Pyroclastic Flow Speed
    3:56 Conclusion
    Creative Commons Licenses used for specific content (such as a single image within the video which as a whole does not entirely fall under the same license) or sections of specific content (such as a photo within a table) in this video (not the entire table for this example):
    CC0 1.0: creativecommons.org/publicdom...
    CC BY 2.0: creativecommons.org/licenses/...
    CC BY 3.0: creativecommons.org/licenses/...
    CC BY 4.0: creativecommons.org/licenses/...
    Sources:
    [1] Rosi, M., Levi, S.T., Pistolesi, M. et al. Geoarchaeological Evidence of Middle-Age Tsunamis at Stromboli and Consequences for the Tsunami Hazard in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea. Sci Rep 9, 677 (2019). doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37..., CC BY 4.0
    [2] Bevilacqua, A., Bertagnini, A., Pompilio, M. et al. Major explosions and paroxysms at Stromboli (Italy): a new historical catalog and temporal models of occurrence with uncertainty quantification. Sci Rep 10, 17357 (2020). doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-74..., CC BY 4.0
    [3] Global Volcanism Program, 2021. Report on Stromboli (Italy). In: Sennert, S K (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report, 12 May-18 May 2021. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
    [4] Global Volcanism Program, 2013. Volcanoes of the World, v. 4.11.2 (02 Sep 2022). Venzke, E (ed.). Smithsonian Institution. Downloaded 11 Oct 2022. doi.org/10.5479/si.GVP.VOTW4-....
    [5] Global Volcanism Program, 2013. Stromboli (211040) in Volcanoes of the World, v. 4.11.2 (02 Sep 2022). Venzke, E (ed.). Smithsonian Institution. Downloaded 11 Oct 2022 (volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn.... doi.org/10.5479/si.GVP.VOTW4-...
    Creative Commons Image/Video Sources:
    CZcams Commons videos from INGVvulcani:
    • Esplosione maggiore de...
    • Stromboli, 9 ottobre 2...
    Strombolian Eruption images:
    www.flickr.com/photos/mark_i_...
    www.flickr.com/photos/mark_i_...
    www.flickr.com/photos/mark_i_...
    www.flickr.com/photos/mark_i_...

Komentáře • 148

  • @GeologyHub
    @GeologyHub  Před rokem +83

    Despite looking like a vulcanian eruption, this was not one. The eruption plume was too small, and the composition was slightly too low of a viscosity for a general vulcanian eruption.

    • @adriennefloreen
      @adriennefloreen Před rokem +5

      Dear God. That's scary. I Googled this and saw some alert their government put out telling people to temporarily shelter in place in their homes. It sounds like if it went another direction it would be a modern Pompeii type scenario. I'd leave immediately, if I lived there. With all my cats. (If you look up documentaries about this island you sill see that everyone seems to have a multitude of cats, like me.)

    • @adriennefloreen
      @adriennefloreen Před rokem

      This, I think I shared it before when you made your last video but it's just epically hilarious, make sure to remind your viewers that the future hazards include not only the volcano but being scratched by cats or pelted by cups of coffee by the local mischievous youth. czcams.com/video/vCt6mCZTSvs/video.html

    • @sabishiihito
      @sabishiihito Před rokem +1

      @@adriennefloreen I know the risk factor on this particular island is pretty low but I just can't get on board with living on an active volcano.

    • @adriennefloreen
      @adriennefloreen Před rokem +1

      @@sabishiihito Their government seems pretty on top of the situation as long as it's not such a major eruption that it blows their disaster prep plans out of the water, pun intended. But did you watch that video where the little kids are talking about the tourists are getting pelted with something hot, not lava but cups of coffee. It is hilarious, that they said that to the BBC and the BBC posted it on CZcams. If they have to evacuate they should take with them specimens of all the plants including the weeds, there's some cool unique plants there and even common weeds that grow there are genetically different.

    • @adriennefloreen
      @adriennefloreen Před rokem +1

      I just saw an awful report on another channel stating that as lava bombs and pyroclastic flows headed towards a group of tourists they threw themselves off a cliff into the ocean and one 31 year old man there to see the volcano didn't make it and died after either being hit by a lava bomb or consumed by the pyroclastic flow; RIP man, that is awful and I think everybody should get off the island, now!

  • @alexanderthomas2660
    @alexanderthomas2660 Před rokem +212

    A Strombolian eruption on Stromboli itself, it can't get more Strombolian than this.

    • @sabishiihito
      @sabishiihito Před rokem +16

      Yo Dawg I heard you liked Stromboli so I put Stromboli in your Stromboli so you can Stromboli while you Stromboli

    • @kayden1971
      @kayden1971 Před rokem +5

      @@sabishiihito shiiii

    • @bethgoldman2560
      @bethgoldman2560 Před rokem

      How meta!

    • @abstractlizard9377
      @abstractlizard9377 Před rokem +7

      Isn't every eruption of Mt. Stromboli, by definition, Strombolian?

    • @mr_lastname05
      @mr_lastname05 Před rokem +3

      Ik the strombolianness is so big I can feel it here in England!!

  • @elbernok8739
    @elbernok8739 Před rokem +66

    I live in Italy. Finally an update on the eruption from Stromboli volcano! I went with my school uphill to the main crater !!! A small Strombolian eruption occurred every few minutes. there was a loud roar and then a small fountain of lava. wonderful experience.

    • @kathysmith6413
      @kathysmith6413 Před rokem +5

      far more intestinal fortitude than i have. i would have been watching from miles away.

    • @judeprestidge8465
      @judeprestidge8465 Před rokem

      I would never want to live on that island

    • @sarahb.6475
      @sarahb.6475 Před rokem +3

      I wouldn't want to go anywhere near that island. have you seen the video about White Island in NZ? before you visit another active volcano you may want to learn about White Island.

    • @kl1970
      @kl1970 Před rokem +1

      @@kathysmith6413 the island isnt big enough for that

    • @SpaceLover-he9fj
      @SpaceLover-he9fj Před rokem

      Yes.

  • @xerotonin6776
    @xerotonin6776 Před rokem +2

    That night while watching a stream of Stromboli, I look back after a quick eye rub and the crater terrace must've collapsed. All of a sudden everything was bright orange and the previous small eruptions we're constant and flowing close to white hot. I haven't been able to find pictures of that side or reports of that event.

  • @Kiyoone
    @Kiyoone Před rokem +4

    Geology is the most interesting science out there. It connects to all the other sciences (from astronomy to biology) together

  • @ragnapodewski4694
    @ragnapodewski4694 Před rokem +7

    In 1930 there was a similar eruption but with 5 casualities of the pyroclastic flow and a tsunami, caused by a sudden uplift and downfall of the whole island. Many inhabitanrts left the island

  • @erinmac4750
    @erinmac4750 Před rokem +8

    Stromboli has always been one of my favorites. It reminds us that it's there, making its fireworks, but doesn't get too crazy...at least not in my lifetime.
    Always appreciate the new facts I learn when you cover an eruption like the speeds of the pyroclastic flow. 💚🌋✌️😎🍀

  • @SpaceLover-he9fj
    @SpaceLover-he9fj Před rokem +16

    The lighthouse of the Mediterranean, Stromboli, is really living up to its name.

    • @MartinBiermeier
      @MartinBiermeier Před rokem

      That's how it is, with us you will find even more about the Stromboli.🤜🤛

  • @YaMumsSpecialFriend
    @YaMumsSpecialFriend Před rokem +3

    Fascinating🖖🏼

  • @Rhino1277HotRails
    @Rhino1277HotRails Před rokem +1

    Good footage. The ocean entry shots are quite interesting. Thanks for your continued excellent uploads 'Hub.

  • @Scemoth
    @Scemoth Před rokem +5

    Very interesting! I wish I was a volcanologist

  • @richardbuchs3815
    @richardbuchs3815 Před rokem +4

    Sure wish you had a 2nd. Channel, just for going into more detail about eruptions you write about!?!
    Thank You for the knowledge!! 🐸

  • @thirstfast1025
    @thirstfast1025 Před rokem +2

    from ~ 10 sec to ~ 27 sec was absolutely terrifying! Thanks for the update!
    *edit Ohhhh, okay, it's not going as fast as it looked at first, thanks for showing the math at the end!

  • @loladavinci1243
    @loladavinci1243 Před rokem +6

    There’s a fascinating little documentary on Amazon about the sea creatures that live in the ocean surrounding Stromboli, called ‘Octopus Volcano’. 🐙🌋

  • @joshuajackson6442
    @joshuajackson6442 Před rokem

    Thank you

  • @yomogami4561
    @yomogami4561 Před rokem +4

    thanks for the update. i usually await news from you on volcanic events before believing something has happened, unless it's on several major news networks.

  • @sarahlachman1349
    @sarahlachman1349 Před rokem +5

    Could you do a review of the Santorini volcano?

  • @skiracer
    @skiracer Před rokem +4

    PLEASE? could you make an in-depth about Costa Rica's Mt. Turrialba? I watch daily and your Geology Hub videos are well done! thank you from Colorado!

  • @MartinBiermeier
    @MartinBiermeier Před rokem

    Thank you for your upload. 🙏👍

  • @laughingoutloud5742
    @laughingoutloud5742 Před rokem +2

    I really appreciate the work you put into your videos! Thank you 😊

  • @deborahferguson1163
    @deborahferguson1163 Před rokem +1

    Awesome video ! Thanks for covering this and educating us!!!

  • @auffmWeg
    @auffmWeg Před rokem +4

    When is the Calbuco video coming? ;)

    • @GeologyHub
      @GeologyHub  Před rokem +4

      After I finish some more patreon request and news segment videos.

  • @AmazingPhilippines1
    @AmazingPhilippines1 Před rokem

    Thanks for these updates!

  • @58209
    @58209 Před rokem +1

    as a casual viewer, the remark on how fast the lava was flowing is a very sobering reminder of how powerful those streams are.

  • @Henrikbuitenhuis
    @Henrikbuitenhuis Před rokem

    Thanks so much for the video and info.

  • @bevinboulder5039
    @bevinboulder5039 Před rokem +7

    I sailed past Stromboli on a cruise ship once. It was puffing away as usual at that time. I have to wonder if they are re-routing any cruises that may be sailing at this time of the year. Thank you!

    • @arlenealennox3136
      @arlenealennox3136 Před rokem +2

      Same here. I heard one of the other observers on deck say she thought Stromboli was a food.

    • @GeologyHub
      @GeologyHub  Před rokem

      I am not actually sure. During my cruises in Europe it always started in Sicily or the Venice area so I never had the opportunity to get close to Stromboli

  • @mariaoliva2465
    @mariaoliva2465 Před rokem

    Good morning from Sicily,than you🌋👋

  • @CYCLONE4499
    @CYCLONE4499 Před rokem +1

    Thank you for the update on this event. By the way now I want a meat lovers Stromboli 😋

  • @sirdavidoftor3413
    @sirdavidoftor3413 Před rokem +4

    Thanks for doing this video!
    I think I erred in saying it was Etna🤦‍♂️!!!
    Luv your channel!
    Stay safe, stay sane, stay Strong Ukraine 🇺🇦

  • @jeangomesramospassos8237
    @jeangomesramospassos8237 Před 11 měsíci

    I'd like to know why Stromboli went from like a fireworks burst show, to a more pyroclastic eruptive style.

  • @napalmholocaust9093
    @napalmholocaust9093 Před rokem +2

    What are the crescents of sand lined-up along the Azov sea? I though barrier structures were only tidal.

  • @lesdrinkwater490
    @lesdrinkwater490 Před rokem

    Very informative. Thanks

  • @MADDLADO1
    @MADDLADO1 Před rokem

    Thanks for watching.

  • @greghelms4458
    @greghelms4458 Před rokem

    Now I really want a good Stromboli.

  • @MiniMC546
    @MiniMC546 Před rokem

    So uhh... Bulusan's alert level has been raised from 0 to 1.

  • @victorianeeson7829
    @victorianeeson7829 Před rokem +3

    This volcano is well known for flank collapse.. and as already mentioned, they can sometimes generate a tsunami.

  • @jamesjackovich5886
    @jamesjackovich5886 Před rokem +2

    They usually help cool the planets temperature

  • @phprofYT
    @phprofYT Před rokem +1

    Scary and fun at the same time.

  • @JorgeStolfi
    @JorgeStolfi Před rokem +1

    Dear Hub, the correct pronumciation of the island's and mountain's name is "vulCAno" not "VULcano". The adjective is indeed "vulCAnic".

  • @d.l.gentsch5304
    @d.l.gentsch5304 Před rokem +1

    What is the current state of the Valles Grande caldera in northern New Mexico>

  • @harryjones5260
    @harryjones5260 Před rokem +1

    Check the emissions

  • @phila3884
    @phila3884 Před rokem

    Same tip- narration is generally excellent, but you slur the "l"s a bit. I heard "genry" instead of general-ly, for example. Hope this helps.

  • @Gersh_Binglander
    @Gersh_Binglander Před rokem

    Could you de one of these videos about the pyroclastic flow of Mt Doom's creation in the recent Rings of Power show?

  • @manininikolas9310
    @manininikolas9310 Před rokem +2

    One time the whole village will be erase by the stromboli you can t Leave so near a so powerful volcano bravo for the courage of this villagers or sorry for their inconscience?

  • @VairesSunchaser
    @VairesSunchaser Před rokem

    I was watching this while extremely hungry and while I definitely appreciate the volume of information, I would now commit atrocities to eat a stromboli. I moved to an area where nobody understands what they are

  • @hestheMaster
    @hestheMaster Před rokem

    Surprisingly cool video to see. This volcano which is very active and has been for an amazingly long period of time.
    Italy's Mt. Doom if you pardon the Tolkien reference.

  • @luannvondracek439
    @luannvondracek439 Před rokem

    Thanks for the mountain (pun intended) of information you provide in each video 😁

  • @desmond-hawkins
    @desmond-hawkins Před rokem +2

    Fantastic footage! I'm curious, what is it with so many types of eruptions being named after Italian volcanos? Strombolian, Vulcanian… Plinian is not named after a volcano but still after Pliny the Elder, a Roman who was killed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in today's Italy (they're also called Vesuvian). Three eruption types from a relatively small country makes me wonder how this came to be.

    • @LemonLadyRecords
      @LemonLadyRecords Před rokem +3

      The Mediterranean Sea was one of the most well traveled and chronicled trade routes in ancient to Renaissance times. If the west was east, volcano types would probably be named for South Asian volcanoes. As for Hawaiian, because American colony. If Java had been, then we'd maybe have Krakatauan eruptions, etc. I like that! 😀 No Icelandic, because the increased danger of trying to say, "Eyjafjallajökullian." 🤔

  • @waynefatguyinakayak7408

    This volcano makes me hungry...

  • @danielled8665
    @danielled8665 Před rokem

    So... we calling it Mordor now?

  • @melodiefrances3898
    @melodiefrances3898 Před rokem

    That's a little creepy that pyroclastic flows happen there. Don't people visit that volcano? I obviously need to read up on this. Those flows are mega deadly.

  • @fredross3089
    @fredross3089 Před rokem +2

    I can not believe that there is a. Small village in one side of that volcano. The residents there really must enjoy playing Russian Roulette!

  • @Brakken99
    @Brakken99 Před rokem

    Holy Stromboli Batman!

  • @bbmw9029
    @bbmw9029 Před rokem

    I like how the Italians named a volcano after a rolled up piece of pizza.

  • @TheSpiritombsableye
    @TheSpiritombsableye Před rokem

    2:15, that's impressive.

  • @davebergie
    @davebergie Před rokem

    Great video, but your delivery is a bit odd, with that trailing off at the end of each sentence.

  • @ElBantosClips
    @ElBantosClips Před rokem

    Humans: that's a nice explosive hill, let's build on it.
    Hill: BANG
    Humans: THE GODS ARE ANGRY

  • @unrealuknow864
    @unrealuknow864 Před rokem

    It must be a lie that pyroclastic flows are so hot and deadly. In Rings of Power Galadriels got hit with one full on and her hair wasn't even singed. And most of the people lived no problem with no hair loss.

  • @CJ_102
    @CJ_102 Před rokem

    I dont understand how fast that downward initial flow is.

  • @mikeyd946
    @mikeyd946 Před rokem

    That is terrifying how fast the pyroclastic moves.

    • @kennyg1358
      @kennyg1358 Před rokem +1

      They are pretty harmless though according to Rings of Power.

  • @KimClark-1
    @KimClark-1 Před rokem

    Were those white figures at 2:22 people running behind a boulder to escape the pyroclastic flow? Wow. Lucky escape.😮

  • @irvalfirestar6265
    @irvalfirestar6265 Před rokem

    “What type of lava gets erupted at Mount Stromboli?”
    “Yes.”

  • @jonasb911
    @jonasb911 Před rokem

    I know you can watch the scirocco del fuoco normally relatively save form the tip of the ravens/ Punta dei Corvi. Am I assuming rhigt Am I right that if you had stood at this vantage point, you would have been smoked by the hot dust?

  • @Earthneedsado-over177

    I would like to have some spumoni on Stromboli.

  • @kenwin5845
    @kenwin5845 Před rokem

    Are the frequent explosive eruptions due to the recently subducted material having high water and organic content?

  • @auendraco1515
    @auendraco1515 Před rokem +2

    Are all volcanoes from Stromboli a strombolian eruption or can it have a different type of eruption?

    • @genericalfishtycoon3853
      @genericalfishtycoon3853 Před rokem +5

      I mean, it is Mt. Stromboli. Technically it could eject purple cheese fondue and we could still call it a strombolian eruption, right? 🤔

  • @freddyzeidlitz4696
    @freddyzeidlitz4696 Před rokem

    The big trees in England during 1942

  • @none941
    @none941 Před rokem

    So, where does an event like this sit on the VEI scale, or is that even relevant?

  • @mnbalfour1985
    @mnbalfour1985 Před rokem

    Ignorant journalists said that Stromboli produced lava flows, I knew that these were really pyroclastic flows.

  • @JorgeStolfi
    @JorgeStolfi Před rokem

    Dear Hub, the correct pronunciation of the island's and mountain's name is "STROMboli" not "stromBOli", even though the adjective is "stromBOlian".

  • @larrygrimaldi1400
    @larrygrimaldi1400 Před rokem

    All the cruise ships going between the eastern Mediterranean and Rome pass by Stromboli--it's a treat to see day or night--- I've been by it 4 times on different trips, hard to believe there are three villages on the island where people live all year round.

    • @michaeldeierhoi4096
      @michaeldeierhoi4096 Před rokem

      There are also many inhabitants on the larger island of Sicily with the more active Mt Etna imo.

    • @mariateresabecci5613
      @mariateresabecci5613 Před rokem

      @@michaeldeierhoi4096 Or the 3 million people who had the great idea to live in Naples?
      Beautiful city but I have anxiety every time I go 😬

    • @michaeldeierhoi4096
      @michaeldeierhoi4096 Před rokem

      @@mariateresabecci5613 Naples had been inhabited for thousands of years and the same with many other locations where people live close to volcanoes. They kind of get used to the threat because a major eruption is rare.
      The rest of us visitors like you can't relax so easily as the residents.

  • @Justwantahover
    @Justwantahover Před rokem

    Global warming might cause unprecedented volcanic activity, and maybe have a cooling effect cos of the soot in the air. Cos that may cause semi blocking of sunlight. Let's hope.

  • @janbaltes2863
    @janbaltes2863 Před rokem

    Guyladriel would have survived that

  • @TheLifeOfRyanB
    @TheLifeOfRyanB Před rokem

    There's a volcano called Vulcano? Why am I only now learning this?

    • @bernardtimmer6723
      @bernardtimmer6723 Před rokem

      It is one of Liparian or Aeolian Islands, her last eruption occurred in 1888-90. The eruption type 'vulcanian' was named after the most frequent eruption type observed on Vulcano. Itself the word volcano was lent from this volcano aswell ofcourse. Panarea is active aswell(+/- 8.000 BC), she has active fumaroles. Lipari last erupted in 1230.

  • @MADDLADO1
    @MADDLADO1 Před rokem

    That things gonna kill somebody.

  • @wrathofgrothendieck
    @wrathofgrothendieck Před rokem

    Pyroclastic flow sets forth a tower of ash

  • @miikoiv
    @miikoiv Před rokem

    Why at the beginning, the acceleration seems to exceed 1G?

  • @KahluaBomb
    @KahluaBomb Před rokem

    Named after a nearby volcano named volcano (with an accent)

  • @grokeffer6226
    @grokeffer6226 Před rokem

    👍👍👍

  • @jamesjackovich5886
    @jamesjackovich5886 Před rokem

    I wish she was that fast when I told her to get me a beer

  • @mommachupacabra
    @mommachupacabra Před rokem

    OMG THAT WAS ONE OF THE COOLEST THINGS I SAW TODAY OMG OMG THAT... oh geez, sorry, but I'm a rock hound and geology weenie and did I SAY THAT WAS ONE OF THE COOLEST THINGS EVER TODAY AND MAYBE EVEN THIS WEEK OMG ahem. Sorry.

  • @Fightrec
    @Fightrec Před rokem

    Earth needs to fart here and there

  • @markkeys8243
    @markkeys8243 Před rokem

    There's no way I'd live on that island (i.e. flanks of the volcano). One day, a freak pyroclastic flow is going to behave abnormally and wipe out the town there

    • @davesilkstone6912
      @davesilkstone6912 Před rokem

      I wouldn't worry, acording to Rings of Power pyroclastic flows only damage property, they are not dangerous to people.

    • @Dragrath1
      @Dragrath1 Před rokem

      @@davesilkstone6912 I wouldn't look to the film industry for anything aside from incompetence....

  • @Farmer-bh3cg
    @Farmer-bh3cg Před rokem +1

    I have a girlfriend that erupts like Stromboli. She's a wonderful woman and I'm a very fortunate man.

  • @dennisvvugt
    @dennisvvugt Před rokem

    3:29

  • @jamesjackovich5886
    @jamesjackovich5886 Před rokem

    I love strombolis that melted cheese and tasty meat

  • @jameseldridge4185
    @jameseldridge4185 Před rokem

    And the island is inhabited!

  • @liliokimik
    @liliokimik Před rokem

    The right pronunciation is Stròmboli, not Strombòli as you say

  • @azcomicgeek
    @azcomicgeek Před rokem

    Is this done by an actual narrator or computer generated? The emphasis at the end of each phrase IS DISTRACTING. It's not normal SPEECH.

  • @michaelthomson9461
    @michaelthomson9461 Před rokem

    Automated voice, awful.