Motherboard Chips and Components
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- čas přidán 3. 07. 2024
- In this video from ITFreeTraining I will look at the different chips and components that make up a motherboard. Understanding these chips and components will give you a better understanding of what motherboard to buy.
Download the PDF handout: itfreetraining.com/handouts/ap...
Parts of Motherboard
0:12 To start with, I will first look at the different parts that make up a motherboard. The size and shape of motherboards are defined by what is called the form factor. The form factor defines the size of the motherboard, its shape and where different components can be put on the motherboard.
Since the form factor defines the size, shape and layout of the motherboard, it is the form factor that makes it possible for different motherboards from different manufacturers to be used in the same computer case. As long as the computer case supports the form factor, it will be able to be used in that case.
The next part of the motherboard is the chipset. The chipset determines which components (like processor and RAM) can be used. On this motherboard there is a single chip that provides these features. On some motherboards there will be two. Later in the video I will go into more detail about how the chipset works.
The chipset has an impact on which devices can be used with that motherboard. For example, it determines how many USB ports and hard disks the motherboard supports. I say has an impact, as the motherboard manufacturer is able to add more devices if they wish. The manufacturer is also free not to use all the features provided by the chipset if they don’t wish to. Basically, the chipset provides the basic functions the manufacturer can use or add on if they wish to. They can use as little or as many of the chipset functions as they wish.
The last parts of the motherboard are the built-in components. On the motherboard you will find a lot of additional chips. These chips provide additional functionality that are not included in the chipset. In these examples there are three chips that can be seen. This chip, for example, provides ethernet functionality.
In this example, the chipset provides the data channel for networking. However, the chip is required to provide all the functionality of a network card. Let’s have a closer look at how it all works.
Modern Computers
2:14 Modern computers, although they may look different, are designed in a similar way. To start with, you have the CPU. The CPU is connected to the North Bridge via a bus. This bus is known by a number of different names. One of the more commonly used names is the Front Side Bus by Intel.
The North Bridge may be a chip on your motherboard or it may be part of the CPU. It may also be referred to as the memory controller hub or graphics and memory controller hub. Regardless if there is a separate chip or if it is inside the CPU, its purpose is the same. The North Bridge connects high-speed expansion slots, memory and high-speed devices.
The North Bridge is connected to the South Bridge via an internal bus. The South Bridge is connected to the low-speed expansion slots and low-speed devices. Not all motherboards will have both a North Bridge and a South Bridge chip. However, all modern motherboards will follow this basic design.
North Bridge/South Bridge MB
3:16 I will first look at a motherboard that has a North and a South Bridge chip. I will use a Gigabyte motherboard for this example. On this motherboard you can see the North Bridge chip near the CPU and the South Bridge chip next to the memory slots.
The CPU connects directly to the North Bridge and the South Bridge connects directly to the North Bridge. I will first have a closer look at the North Bridge.
North Bridge (AMD 990FX)
3:40 So, using my Gigabyte motherboard as an example, this motherboard supports an AMD CPU. On this motherboard there is a memory bus that connects the memory directly to the CPU. In older motherboards you may find that the memory is connected to the North Bridge rather than the CPU. As technology improves, we are seeing a trend that more and more features are being put in the CPU rather than in the North Bridge. As we will see later in the video, a chip for the North Bridge may not even be present on the motherboard.
Description to long for CZcams. Please see the following link for the rest of the description. itfreetraining.com/ap/1b40
References
“The Official CompTIA A+ Core Study Guide (Exam 220-1001)” Chapter 3 Position 5839-6118
“CompTIA A+ Certification exam guide. Tenth edition” Pages 205 - 206
“AMD 990FX/990X/970 Databook” support.amd.com/TechDocs/4869...
“Uncore” en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncore
“PCI Express” en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI_Exp...
Credits
Trainer: Austin Mason ITFreeTraining.com
Voice Talent: HP Lewis hplewis.com
The Best ,The Depth and The simplest on IT Field training for all not only experts ..Thanks too Much 🙏🌹
Wow, thank you!
You have explained the motherboard chips and components very well, thank you.
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P5kpl-cm montherbord please
Does this mean the 10Gbps+ network cards will be connected to the North bridge (or CPU directly) in the new motherboards. Thank you. Another great video😀
Generally network cards are chips on the motherboard rather than being part of the north bridge. However, that chip will most likely be directly connected to the North Bridige.
Computers haven't had north bridges for over 10 years. These days a PCI-e card will either connect directly to the CPU or via the chipset (not that it is a set any more) though current chipsets fill the role of what was the south bridge in the past. The north bridge disappeared with the advent of CPU's with internal memory controllers.
Please make a video on all protocols usage and where can we find thouse protocols on mother boards
Like DDR, i2c, spi
And also please make a video on data center server boards
for the example of the four slots utilize a total of 40 lanes ?? how u get the 40 lanes ??
there are 2x 16 lane PCI express (32) and 2x 4 PCI express lanes (8) making a total of 40 in the example.
When you say USB 3 ports are connected to the northbridge it's just the ports and not the controller or roothub right?
Yes sorry if that was not clear. The root hub is connected to the northbridge. All the ports communicate with the roothub.
What is "overhead"?
In computer transfers, overhead refers to the extra work or data required to complete the actual data transfer itself. It's like the packaging and administrative tasks involved in sending a box. While necessary for a smooth transfer, the overhead doesn't contribute to the actual content being transferred. Thus, if your data connection has a 10% overhead, the maxium data use you will be able is send 90% since 10% is lost to overhead.
Thank you for your excellent presentation
Thanks very much and thanks for watching.