The 3 Design Strategies Keeping This Building Cool In Scorching Heat
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- čas přidán 14. 07. 2024
- How can young children study under 35 degree celsius in a school with no air conditioning? Easily, if they're in the Gando School in Burkina Faso designed by Diébédo Francis Kéré.
Kéré said once that his people refer to his buildings as big fridges which he takes as a compliment.
In this 5 minute video, we go through the three passive strategies that Kéré employs to design a building that does not need air conditioning even under scorching heat.
CHAPTERS:
00:00 Introduction
00:30 How Hot are we talking?
01:12 Strategy number 1
02:11 Strategy number 2
03:15 Strategy number 3
04:05 Conclusion
For those who live in RV campers, they can tell you that adding a shade over the camper makes a massive difference when trying to keep cool. Wondering why this idea isn’t utilized more in the desert southwest of the US and other regions.
On us Mexico boundary they build houses with dome roofs with oculus small window which serves as hot air evaporative.
I live in the desert southwest near the border with Mexico, and every year in the Spring and Fall we are treated to very heavy wind storms. We often see sustained winds of over 50 mph during the day that go on for many days, and an over-shelter like the one in the video would have to be very strong to withstand the winds here.
We do use woven plastic mats stretched between poles like heavy dining flys over outdoor structures like playground sets and carports, but they only last a few years before they need to be replaced.
Also, passive solar cooling stopped being a thing here when everyone got electricity. I'm not saying that passive solar cooling wouldn't be a good thing down here, just that it was cheaper to use existing building designs and hardware common in the rest of the U.S. than it was to design unique buildings for this region. Don't forget that price is always an important factor in building construction. It was cheaper to do what was already the standard in other parts of the country, and just run the evaporative cooler during the day to keep things cool.
P.S. In the past we made buildings here with thick walls made from adobe, and they were very good at maintaining a liveable temperature inside them, but they also required a lot of upkeep, and the nature of the material limited what you could do with it.
@@whistlingsage9817 wind speed is good at your end so why not you try wind turbine. it will spin all day/night and contineous source of electricity.
if your weather is hot only and not humid than evaporative cooling is best n cheap for you.
Many camp resorts in Florida use this
It's not uncommon for people to have a fully covered porch or an "RV port" over a single wide.
Another common thing I see in the desert is a second steel
roof to act as a radiant barrier. This is often done as part of roof repairs after the spring winds.
For once, a good, practical, building wins an architectural award.
It wins a dubious award only open to Muslims?
When people talk about "smart buildings", they often mean buildings with lots of sensors , electronics and complicated systems to regulate conditions inside.
But truly smart buildings begin with designing a building so it doesn't need all of that or at least most) by placing relative to the sun, providing shae, using materials that absorb or release heat as necessary.
In this sense this school is a particularly smart building
local people solving local problems with global knowledge - thats the past, present and future of human kind.
I love Francis Kéré s presentations especially in german they have this positive and enthusiastic energy
The point with the thick tombe walls is that the heat dispersed at night keeps the rooms pleasantly warm at night instead of too cold due to too quick heat dispersal. This makes optional night time use of these rooms practical as well.
Thank you for that observation! I was wondering why on earth the architect would want to use a heat absorbing material instead of a heat reflecting one for the wall of this building. So, it’s about regulating temperature, not just cooling. That makes it even more interesting.
We need much more architects like him!!!
In SE Kansas we have an average summertime high of 93 with humidity. It's hot. But we pay no attention to natural solutions. We could learn from this design. Save a lot of energy.
This roof structure might not stand up to the storms we get in tornado alley. I would love to see thermal mass get more attention though. Earth sheltered buildings are much safer in a tornado as well benefitting from the thermal mass.
@@beth8775
I visited an “Earthship” rammed earth house in New Mexico during August, about a dozen years ago. It was 91 outside and 73 inside, mid afternoon.
Well "...we pay no attention..." because capitalism wouldn't have it any other way. There's 300 million Americans, get one dollar from each of them once and you're wealthy. Get one dollar (or more) profit from each of them every month and you can own a television network and some Senators.
And what about strong winds? 🤔🤔
Current heat wave is well past that. Any future design will have to take climate change into account.
Im a ventilation expert and business owner bringing natural cooling to the forefront, for people with and without much money. Love this story and yes the Venturi effect, convection abd thermal breaks are the key. Passive is the future.
This is a great common sense building. Thank you for presenting it to us. The ram used to make those blocks is an easily dismantled UN design that can be welded together in just about any steel fabrication shop. The basic model is powered by one person. No external power source required. The blocks are moist loam with around 3-5% cement and are air dried for a few weeks before being laid. I've been to a course on this tech and it's fascinating. Look up the CINVA ram for more information.
They should do experiments to see if the can handle long term water saturation, if so you could wet the wall and it would be 10-15% cooler. I've been interested in passive homes since 1967 watching real hippies building a house of mud bricks, just as a interest over the years. I tiled swimming pools in the SW USA, thousands of them, in 122 degree F, near the end I would put up a 40'X20' 70% shade, like a knit nylon, and even had 12+ tiny misters. And only swam-coolers at home. I live past the 45th now and think why people don't build houses alike the arcane Russians with a central huge mass of masonry for the wood-stove/oven. The thinks I think of baking or freezing...
Outstanding. Think outside the box. Rely on AC and suffer when the power goes out.
Fortunately the solution comes in the same package as the problem. The same sun that creates the heat provides also the solar energy to run AC. With today’s technology, cooling is a much smaller problem than heating.
I once thought of a design here in the US for a mobile home park. Set up a solar panel system on top of the mobile homes that cover the entire roof, and have it raised to allow air flow between the roof and the panels. It would achieve three things. First it would be an entire electric power plant. Second help cool down the trailers. Third protect the roof of the trailers from rain which could over time leak into the trailer. What I didn't think of was an airplane foil.
And drop the temp by another 5 degrees by planting trees and plants around the garden.
That's my favorite kind of intelligent building. Kudos to Diébédo Francis Kéré!
Yes! Diébédo Francis Kéré has gifted this community with a beautiful school building ☮️ I hope more can be built to benefit more children!
Thats pretty much the average temperature where I work in Australia (mining, remote areas) and we often use similar building strategies in the outback. The second roof is a common one. We also sometimes add native vegetation to encourage the development of microclimates.
Find the hottest side of your home. If you put up a shade there, you will cool your entire home. It can be a cheap solution, try straw mats, bamboo shades or some kind of cloth. We cool our home with one window unit for our 3 bedroom house. Shades and awnings need to make a comeback.
As I watched this I was hoping for a temperature for the area which was said but, I wanted an internal temperature from inside the "no A/C needed" building. I think with the smart design, and available materials it's much better than normal building practices. However, I would venture to say it's probably not in the 70 degree range for an air conditioned structure. Very thoughtful!
Brilliant! I love seeing passive cooling ideas.
Even my cats know laying under a car in the summer is where the cool breeze is.
Fantastic and heart warming to see great thinking going into solving a local problem. Not looking for awards and accolades - just fixing a local problem and helping locals in a practical, wonderful way. Fantastic! Bravo!
Absolutely brilliant ❤❤❤
It's been over 100 degres (F) in my area for 3 weeks, hitting highs of around 114. We could definitely use this type of design. (Sacramento CA).
Brilliant!
I love when simple solutions are intelligently applied. Bravo.
Are you paying attention Heat Dome victims in the American Southwest? When power grids fail and AC units go dead - this building stays cool!
It gets cold here in the winter. This bolding style does not address that well.
Yeah Africa had mad houses. It’s cool during the day and warm at night cuz it gets cool at night . It’s just perfect
95F is a cool day in western Texas to Phoenix AZ. In the southwestern area of the US temperatures can exceed 120°F / 48.9°C, Architect Frank Lloyd Wright designed a few buildings located near Phoenix to be cool in those high temperatures. Also homes in the American in southwest once used construction principles that allowed air to flow which kept them cooler. The Arabian area also built structures that stayed cool during extreme temperatures.
I like the concept. I wonder if that location experiences hurricane force winds. The external roof looks like a wing that could experience major lifting forces in such conditions.
Zero hurricanes there
Glen Murcutt has done similar work decades ago in Australia's Northern Territory, where cyclonic wind forces are a major consideration. It's a different climate with different solutions, but it can work. Look it up.
Theoretically the upper roof would be pushed down onto the lower roof because of the low pressure between them caused by the Venturi effect. Now whether that's really true, IDK. They'd have to measure the pressure above and below the upper roof during windy days.
@X4R2 I was thinking the other way around. Higher airflow above the upper roof resulting in low pressure and slower speeds below the upper roof resulting in high pressure. The pressure difference resulting in the air below the roof going from high pressure to low pressure causing lifting of the roof. Like an airplane wing.
@@jasondoust4935Glenn Murcutt sadly still not respected for his wonderful designs. I attended a lecture of his years ago - very inspiring 👍
Great information. Thank you!
I first heard about these grass roots concepts in the Barefoot College Ted Talk. Love this stuff.
Well done team!
You forgot to mention that the earth bricks also release heat towards the classroom for many hours therefore the perforation of the ceiling so this heat is also released out of the classrom
02:55 Angles are measured in degrees or radians, and not in degrees Centigrade.
Well spotted! The C was a mistake! Those are meant to be the angles of the sun ☀️
You should also mention that the whole point of the high air speed Venturi is to cause a low pressure zone that will literally suck hot air up through the perforated ceiling.
lol, those are degrees celestial!
ya i was little confused on that slide
Dr. Ye Tao uses similar approach to cool roofs in Freetown. Moreover, he ads reflective layer on roof to reflect more sun rays back. Incredible how simple solutions can be so effective. Hope more architects will learn such hacks 👍🌍🕊
I wonder about heat mitigation all the time with my businesses. We rely so heavily on mechanical HVAC solutions in single floor plazas. When an HVAC isnt working correctly the flaws in the structures we have to passively mitigate heat or cool are extremely noticeable.
Planting a tree to give shade is a 50 year solution and not practical in a commercial sense. So having a secondary roof is something i def would like to explore
Love it!!! Please do more videos on passive cooling designs. Thank you!
Very glad you like it! More to come 💪🏽
One can only hope that every video on the Tube has English so clearly spoken. Thank you.
I love Francis Kéré s presentations especially in german they have this positive and enthusiastic energy
Non à l’anglo-suprémacisme ! Faites vos vidéos dans votre langue préférée et que les anglo-suprémacistes aillent se faire mettre !
Switch uses this same technique for their data centers here in Las Vegas. A double layer roof, high albedo layer (on top), and they use cooling towers to push cool air between the upper roof and the lower roof.
Very well explained. Thank you.
I live in areas where temperatures soar upto 48c max and 40c on average. One of problem is low air flow. In desert air flow is good.
But biggest problem for us is rainy season with too much humidity. Hot weather lasts for 2 months but humidity weather lasts 6.5 months.
Is there any passive cooling method for humidity free homes ?
I think there's a video from India about cooling without AC. Something about creating a wall of clay cones shaped like bottles.
@@raj66kas Yes an Indian engineer created terracota clay based waster cooling system. But its for hot weather only. when you use water than humidity increases and i need a solution for humidity.
That is challenging. What energy sources are available? Are there streams or rivers to use for hydropower? Is there much firewood? Is there any sunshine during those 6.5 months? Wind power?
Reducing humidity typically requires compressor-based air conditioning, or desiccants that need to be dried generally with a heat source.
If you live near the ocean you could pump very deep cold ocean water up and humidity would condense on it. The dew point of the air would be reduced down to the water temperature.
Thank you for highlighting this genius design!
Very well presented and thought provoking. Thx
She's gorgeous 😊
Keep it simple and stupid! No one knows more to use this phrase than Mr. Kere! Whe can learn a lot from him! Thank you for your ideas!
I believe the phrase you’re looking for is, “Keep it simple, Stupid!”
Wow, built such a great design with almost no infrastructure is a great achievement!
It's like Texas! I hope to build a new small home soon. I will keep these tips in mind. Heidi
Saw a few years ago a television programme by the British adventurer / outdoors man Ray Mears. He was in North Africa around the Sahara Desert. He had a Land Rover parked up. He said that he would normally use two parachute fabric covers spaced approximately 30cm apart. He said this kept the temperature down a considerable amout in comparison to a single layer.
I'm loving that roof!
Also a very nice looking design
Very efficient, functional and beautiful design.
in india they use a woven drape made from vetiver (aka khus, Chrysopogon zizanioides) roots which is periodically made wet with water using spray guns to keep cool since before air conditioners were invented
Sounds good. But we'd love to see some actual historical indoor temperature data taken over a few years time. How hard is that to do?
Yeah. Without this data it's only bla bla bla
I was hoping to find that information here in the comments. Personally, I don't need years of data (although I definitely see the value in that), but a quick example comparing outdoor and indoor temps would spark further interest.
About as hard as flushing the toilet in public restrooms 😞😨
@@iron4ig you don't need data, just asked the kids using the facility.
Looks great. I'm sure Nature gave Africa enough grass and plant species to make the surroundings beautiful too. They might even yield a tasty fruit, or two.
And now ad a super white coating on the outer roof.
This system works best in arid climes where the humidity is low. With high temperature/high humidity situations, natural cooling is much harder to achieve, though this might be as good as any.
Intelligent design. It just makes sense!
Great innovation. Bravo!
I have been preaching and teaching this design for decades
This is nice. Thank you for sharing this
Love this. Just wondering how the top roof holds up to high speed wind gusts like those form storms.
Kudos to Mr. Kerr I’d bet that is replicatable.
So interesting, well written and explained.
Exceedingly interesting!
Nice
This kind of architecture is called "using common sense". We need more of this not only in realty, but also everyday life.
You could teach me cool things all day
"35°C? Hold my beer." - Philip, SD
So has this design gained widespread use after 2004 award? 20 years we would expect more houses like this
Old Land Rovers used this idea, too, with a second roof layer gapped above the main roof.
I would describe that top roof as an airplane wing foil.
Go Green!
I wish these type of passive solutions were widely used
I wonder how underground/partially underground building would pair with a double roof, and how to modify one for places that need seasonal solar gain.
I have open air ground mount solar panels 6ft high. They get 150-175⁰ underneath is So. Cal sun. Without air movement plants still wilt.
Just as hot in Portland last week.
I wish there was some data provided in this video about the temperatures experienced within the building itself.
💙💙💙
Right here in sunny California, we are having temps over 110 F
❤❤
Buckminster Fuller used similar natural ventilation in one of his house designs.
How is the Venturi effect relevant here when there appears to be no interim restriction within then space between the two roofs in the actual building? Indeed, they are closest together at the edge of what appears to be the windward side. Considering the perforated under-roof, it would seem to be relying on some sort of heat differential created by shade in dry climates to move hot air out of the classrooms. I have no scientific background in such things, so perhaps there’s’ some element I’m just not getting.
I rarely use my air conditioner, although I live in North Carolina. When I walk out of an air conditioned grocery store into the parking lot, however, what hits me hardest is not the 90* heat, but the stunning humidity. When I do turn my air conditioner on, it’s usually because I’m dripping sweat onto whatever project I have in hand. If there’s a natural, passive way to dehumidify, other than moving to a desert, I’d love to know about it. I have lots of fans, but they don’t run themselves!
I missed the part that told just what the "cool" temperature inside is.
You can do these mods to some houses as long as you understand how to make air flow using heat
What about in hot humid climates? Would such design work? And what of the school would have to be multiple stories?
Extend the roof on the shade side? Maybe too much cost, but extra shade would be nice.
We’ve seen bits of this design in Az, which regularly reaches 20+ degrees hotter for 100+ days in the summer (its is currently 115 as I type)
Designs like these will hopefully be more frequent as those numbers increase due to global warming and increased population expansion (which creates “heat sinks”, holding the heat and making it constant).
I was wondering if the roof struts where taken into consideration as a way to isolate the larger roof's heat to itself.
have a look at El Oued
Well, figure something out for Phoenix, it’s been 115 F to 118 for weeks. We need help !
Maybe solar powered A/C and ice makers? Or swamp coolers if there’s water.
Is there an aqueduct that sends Colorado river water to San Diego? Maybe San Diego can desalinate seawater and reverse the direction of that aqueduct :)
Good Idea, but wind will tear off the roof.
The shape of the roof in the pictures is not the same as the shape in the cutaway diagram showing the "Venturi effect". The flat inner roof of the actual building does not have the curve to create a narrowing section and therefore no venturi. Not sure why the explanation is part of this video.
would be nice to give some numbers in term of cooling effect...
hai,
3:09 how do we calculate the angle of the sun at a particular location. what's the formula?
What's the temperature inside the building during classes?
Was there any mention of a white roof?
What is the temperature inside vs outside?
What exactly are the temperatures in the building at 9, 14, 18 and 22 hours?
out of curiosity: i am wondering, if the top shade could be made of solar panels; maybe even combining solar water heating and electricity.
How do you get more specifics on this building
Question: Would solar panels make this building ideal??
No mention of the colour/reflectivity of the upper surface.