PPPT 2342 - Practical II - Dry and Wet Granulation

Introduction
Granulation is the process in which primary powder particles are made to adhere to form larger particles called granules. Pharmaceutical granules used in the production of tablets typically have a size range between 0.2- and 0.5-mm. Granulation normally commences after initial dry mixing of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and excipients so that a uniform distribution of each ingredients through the mix is achieved. After granulation, the granules will be either be packed directly as a dosage form or they may be mixed with other excipients prior to the tablet compression. There are several reasons on why granulation is often necessary. Firstly, granulation prevents segregation of the constituents of the powder mix. Secondly, granulation improves the mixture’s flow properties. Besides, it will also improve the compaction characteristics of the powder mixture. Granulation methods can be divided into two types: wet granulation method which utilise a liquid in the process and dry granulation method in which no liquid is used. Wet granulation involves mixing the primary powder particles using a granulating fluid which is volatile and non-toxic. Typical examples of granulating fluid include water, ethanol and isopropranol, either use alone or in combination. Usually, a binding agent is dissolved in the granulating fluid to ensure particle adhesion once the granule is dry. In the dry granulation method, the primary powder particles are aggregated at high pressure. There are two main methods. First method is the powder is squeezed between two rollers to produce a sheet of material (roller compaction). Second method is slugging which use a tablet compression machine to produce slug. In both methods, these intermediate products (slug or sheet) are broken using a suitable milling technique to produce granular material which is usually sieved to separate the desired size fraction.
Aim: To prepare paracetamol tablet using dry and wet compression method.
Objectives:
1. To understand dry granulation method using rotary tablet press.
2. To understand aqueous wet granulation method.
Materials:
Paracetamol (API), lactose, PVP K30, sodium starch glycolate, talc, magnesium stearate, water
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Dry ganulation machine tablet effervescent parcatamol

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Dry ganulation !!!!! Not