Excellent information - recently I’m ever more fascinated by anthropology, archaeology, palaeontology, biology, ethnobotany, ethnomusicology and archaic nutrition. Genetics is fast becoming a fascination of mine to add to my small library of interests. In traditional indigenous cultures upbringing is said to be more practical between “like” generations - essentially grand parents raise children because they are closest in spirit while parents go about being industrious for the tribal community until such time as their children give birth to their grandchildren who are their spiritually resonant equal. Now I am not suggesting non-indigenous cultures did not have a grandparent to grandchild relationship values system. I’m just connoting the values my cultural background hold strong though in modern times diminishing. Your genetic research clarifies for me why my native cultural values of family upbringing are traditionally the way they are and why in this colonised modern society in New Zealand (my homeland) and likely other Eurocentric colonised Nations have such trouble where generations of youth have no connection with their grandparents physically, mentally, socially and spiritually. It’s a sweeping suggestion to say modern elder generations and youth generations suffer the disconnect of having no frequency of contact socially in their lives, - and it must translate even worse in single parent families let alone foster homes...or god forbid in orphanages. Parents in modern society are too busy to attend to their offspring - times are tough right - it takes a village to raise a child but more to support a parent. Socially the explosion of old people’s homes sees an incredibly wasteful social model of “managing” our elders twilight years ... Genetics is literally reminding us - get the elders involved with the youth and relieve stressful energetic pressure on parents prone to burn out. Ok that’s my observation. Fascinating. Denisovan research is superlative. I’m Polynesian - I wonder did Melanesian Denisovan inheritance make it into Polynesia?
Even for someone such as myself whose last Biology classes were in the Pleistocene, Mr. Green's excellent effort to make this subject matter approachable was much appreciated. I'm quite sure that, if he's not already doing so, he would be an outstanding teacher.
Due to recent technological advances, work in this field is progressing at a prodigious rate. The implications, and provisional conclusions, of these data are causing seismic shifts in the understanding of our origins - much has changed since this video was posted. Indeed the advances are such that David Reich had to caution that much in his latest book (who we are and where we came from - March 2018) was already out of date by the time of its publication! What we do now know for certain is that the geographical movements (and interactions) of ancient humans was far far greater than anything previously suspected. And this was just as true in Africa as it was for everywhere outside. In fact it now seems that the earliest African migrations were subject to multiple ebbs and flows with some populations returning and some of those subsequently leaving again. Egypt and the adjoining Levant would have been subjected to multiple hybridisations that persisted for millennia. Such admixtures found their way deep into the continent. Furthermore, several previously unknown human ‘ghost’ populations have now been identified which has thrown further spins and complexity into the story. Some of the recently identified ancient population movements have been staggering in their implications I.e. seafaring people from what is now Taiwan arrived in the remote Pacific Islands a couple of thousand years before the current majority population stock of Papuans - they also reached Madagascar off the coast of Africa! We now know of at least 4 migrations into the Americas and, just as in Africa, of migrations going back out again! And these were not just of the ‘Clovis’ people, others arrived before them. There is now strong genetic evidence for an ancient ‘ghost’ population in Brazil that was more closely related to Australian/New Guineans than to Amerindians - a completely unexpected finding. The bottom line is that practically no-one on the planet (including Africa) originated from where they probably thought they did.
Great comment! I'm familiar with everything you mentioned except evidence for multiple migrations into and out of America (though I've always believed that was the case). Can you please share a source for that information please? The aboriginal DNA in south America, but what else? Thanks if you reply.
Dear Richard, Just a SUPERB PRESENTATION. You (and we) are blessed that you were born with the gene for being able to present complex concepts, in a very understandable manner. Trust me, it is a rare, rare gift. May you have a long and productive career. Proud to be your colleague, Burleigh Matthew M.D. Scottsdale
It will be interesting to see how far back we can go to retrieve DNA and where it will be found. It seems that Arctic climates or those like Denisova are good candidates for some really good data in the future.
I believe Neanderthals evolved from Erectus, and moved west out of Asia, through Eurasia and then to Europe.. The genetic evidence of diversity in the east is pretty convincing on that issue..
Interesting theory. They are believed to evolve from Homo Antecessor or H. Heidelbergensis, which are themselves "evolutions" of the MiddleEastern Erectus. Its hard to believe that they came all the way from east asia to europe, but isn't impossible either. Who knows.
The Creator created us all, those who believe and those who don't. How The Creator did so is not known to mankind. If The Creator decided a evolutionary means of creation, I have no problem with that. The Bible says that the Creator says he is the Alpha and Omega, the beginning and end. I suggest you don't know much about the world around you.
Ask for stupidity and you shall receive......... dear Christians your God as you know it did not exist even in the time of the Jesus that you worships life..... grab a real religion go ancient because trust Honey's my plethora of gods are far more ancient and far more powerful then you're 1700 year old deity that needs to feed on The Souls of babies
It is known that the "I" haplogroup were trapped for 5000 years in the Balkans with "Neanderthal" ( The Jötnar) during the last ice age. Due to the absence of Jötnar mitochondrial DNA in modern hominids we can say that no male hominid ever covered a Jötnar female. They were just too formidable (and picky). Now, due to the excess time the "I" haplogroup, (the Vana of Vanaheim and lake Van) spent with the Jötnar, surely we would anticipate them to be more closely related? Further, what about the Cro-magnon? I hypothesise that Cro-magnon was the love child of The Jötnar and the original hominid and was the direct ancestor of the Vana and the Swedarians.
I am very curious how the interbreeding of modern humans, neanderthal, and denisovians has effected the genetic bottleneck theory and dating. The tiny variation in human dna versus the huge variation in our closest living ancestor would seem to either indicate that our genome is very very recent or that prior to the genetic bottle neck that some mutation occured that made our genome extremely stable. going to 23 pairs might explain this high degree of stability i.e no more inter breeding. but that should have occured more like 800K years ago. Would love some comments on this thought.
they were around before homo sapiens. Used fire before. Extracted aspirin from trees. And made the first cave drawings. And homo sapiens mated with them
Are the Melanesian and Australoids that are part Denisovan also part Neanderthal? I thought humans left East Africa first from about Eritrea to Yemen, but the slide showed migration thru Egypt and into the Sinai and Levant? Maybe I am out of date?
There were 2 migrations one very early one about 130,000 years ago across the Levant demonstrated by the finds at Jebel and quafze/Skule in Israel but this expansion was unsuccessful and became extinct (up to now lol). The African exit you describe is the one that produced us later on between 70 and 90,000 years ago of humans carrying the Y-CT mutation and the mtDNA L3 mutation.
Ok, Thanks. I thought that the map meant there was a successful migration thru Israel and Egypt that was earlier than the Eritrea-Yemen one that I did not know about.
Robert Aldrich Sure... I have a video on my channel of the work of Professor Stephen Oppenheimer from 2003 which although being a little old now is still the accepted migration route and dates. HA HA it is the same old story... the archeologists give us dates then the new science (in this case genetics) say wooaahh that is not correct and then the new science begins to fall in line with the old eventually. The geneticist have gone from refining the dates of our exit across the gates of grief to 40,000 years then they said whoops no 50,000 years then whoops no 70,000 years and they are right back again now with the new molecular distances to 70-100,000 years lol! Whilst all along the geologists and archaeologist have been saying hang on lads we find modern humans tools underneath the mount Toba ash which exploded 74,000 years ago.
What happened to the "H" in Neanderthal? After all, the place where they were first discovered was the Neander "Valley" or "Thal" in German language. Or is it just an attempt to make the pronunciation "Phoenetic" or should I say "Fenetic"?
I just Googled it...didn't note where. It was hard to find the age, it came from a science magazine if I recall, and it was more of an "at least as far back as" date. Several sites had the 23-24 info though.
If you are interested in the origins of H. Sapiens (and all other members of the genus), you may enjoy watching a new theory’s short introductory video presentation @czcams.com/video/pCJq7fKsxjs/video.html (8 min), proposing as the birthplace/natural environment of our species a permanent warm coastal fog most likely existing for 2.6 million years at the periphery of the Irish Sea Glacier (during late Pleistocene). Is proposed in parallel that the Human higher cognition is, in fact, the outcome of a few types of transgenerational traumas/inflammations. Also, as the source of all the unique skeletomuscular features of modern Humans proposed a severe transgenerational photo-trauma suffered by an earlier depigmented form of our species (as all individuals adapting to their new sunny environments (the rest of the planet)). The lack of pigmentation readily inferred as the result of living away from light for 2.6 my inside the said permanent warm coastal fog.
Great stuff,no dislikes either,guess the creationists haven't stumbled on this yet,,scalar ???the nation Islam discovered what? No offence but most Islamic countries are still living in the stone age but with automatic weapons
@spetsnaz1972 : You talk about how great no dislikes are, then turn right around and disparage others for their beliefs ? I don't agree with them entirely myself, but then now I don't agree with you either. Hypocrisy is a thing.
I will correct the author of video: Neanderthal men lived also in Africa, but homo sapiens have eaten them much earlier, than have met the European Neanderthal men. Neanderthal bones have been found in the east of Africa, around Eritrea, Neanderthal bones have been found in the south of Africa, and I don't doubt that Neanderthal bones will be found both in the north of Africa and in the west of Africa and in the center. In the Sahara Desert in general excavation was almost not carried out. And there where excavation was carried out, bones of the most ancient primacies have been right there found. So you are expected still by magic news!
Even moreover - If bones of Neanderthal men are found in Africa, then it is possible to assume that the African Neanderthal men DIFFERED from Neanderthal men from Europe! And we need to speak about existence of races among Neanderthal men.
this almost begs the question. was there really an out of africa? or did populations split long ago to produce the 3 primary racial types and skull bone structures?
The very incorrect concept. "Was the one succeeded thel Neanderthals race, which has a chance to create a human..." Do think this..!!!:) Was the one only grey rabbit with a chance to exchange his collor in the North..." Where it do corrects..???:)Other Neanderthals races were so much invalidic, that it is necessary ONLY TO PROVE THE VERY EARLIEST HOMO SAPIENS and then... AGAINST THE SIMPLE LOGIC OF THE CORRECTIONS THEN. "Those (THE ESPECIAL) "pre-Human's" Neanderthals became into the racial leaders on the other Neanderthals in a company with "their people".
Excellent information - recently I’m ever more fascinated by anthropology, archaeology, palaeontology, biology, ethnobotany, ethnomusicology and archaic nutrition. Genetics is fast becoming a fascination of mine to add to my small library of interests.
In traditional indigenous cultures upbringing is said to be more practical between “like” generations -
essentially grand parents raise children because they are closest in spirit while parents go about being industrious for the tribal community until such time as their children give birth to their grandchildren who are their spiritually resonant equal.
Now I am not suggesting non-indigenous cultures did not have a grandparent to grandchild relationship values system. I’m just connoting the values my cultural background hold strong though in modern times diminishing.
Your genetic research clarifies for me why my native cultural values of family upbringing are traditionally the way they are and why in this colonised modern society in New Zealand (my homeland) and likely other Eurocentric colonised Nations have such trouble where generations of youth have no connection with their grandparents physically, mentally, socially and spiritually.
It’s a sweeping suggestion to say modern elder generations and youth generations suffer the disconnect of having no frequency of contact socially in their lives, - and it must translate even worse in single parent families let alone foster homes...or god forbid in orphanages.
Parents in modern society are too busy to attend to their offspring - times are tough right - it takes a village to raise a child but more to support a parent. Socially the explosion of old people’s homes sees an incredibly wasteful social model of “managing” our elders twilight years ... Genetics is literally reminding us - get the elders involved with the youth and relieve stressful energetic pressure on parents prone to burn out. Ok that’s my observation.
Fascinating.
Denisovan research is superlative.
I’m Polynesian - I wonder did Melanesian Denisovan inheritance make it into Polynesia?
Even for someone such as myself whose last Biology classes were in the Pleistocene, Mr. Green's excellent effort to make this subject matter approachable was much appreciated. I'm quite sure that, if he's not already doing so, he would be an outstanding teacher.
Such a provocative, fact-filled talk. Thank you!
Thanks, CARTA. The faster you post them up, the faster we can/will watch them. Keep up the excellent work.
It is difficult to comment on this presentation too finely ... suffice to say that it is sodding brilliant!
Due to recent technological advances, work in this field is progressing at a prodigious rate. The implications, and provisional conclusions, of these data are causing seismic shifts in the understanding of our origins - much has changed since this video was posted.
Indeed the advances are such that David Reich had to caution that much in his latest book (who we are and where we came from - March 2018) was already out of date by the time of its publication!
What we do now know for certain is that the geographical movements (and interactions) of ancient humans was far far greater than anything previously suspected. And this was just as true in Africa as it was for everywhere outside.
In fact it now seems that the earliest African migrations were subject to multiple ebbs and flows with some populations returning and some of those subsequently leaving again. Egypt and the adjoining Levant would have been subjected to multiple hybridisations that persisted for millennia. Such admixtures found their way deep into the continent.
Furthermore, several previously unknown human ‘ghost’ populations have now been identified which has thrown further spins and complexity into the story.
Some of the recently identified ancient population movements have been staggering in their implications I.e. seafaring people from what is now Taiwan arrived in the remote Pacific Islands a couple of thousand years before the current majority population stock of Papuans - they also reached Madagascar off the coast of Africa!
We now know of at least 4 migrations into the Americas and, just as in Africa, of migrations going back out again! And these were not just of the ‘Clovis’ people, others arrived before them.
There is now strong genetic evidence for an ancient ‘ghost’ population in Brazil that was more closely related to Australian/New Guineans than to Amerindians - a completely unexpected finding.
The bottom line is that practically no-one on the planet (including Africa) originated from where they probably thought they did.
"seismic shifts" you probably mean tectonic shifts :)
@@EmilNicolaiePerhinschi :-)
Great comment! I'm familiar with everything you mentioned except evidence for multiple migrations into and out of America (though I've always believed that was the case). Can you please share a source for that information please? The aboriginal DNA in south America, but what else? Thanks if you reply.
I understood very little but I respect the lecturer's enormous command of his material. Impressive.
Dear Richard,
Just a SUPERB PRESENTATION. You (and we) are blessed that you were born with the gene for being able to present complex concepts, in a very understandable manner. Trust me, it is a rare, rare gift. May you have a long and productive career.
Proud to be your colleague,
Burleigh Matthew M.D.
Scottsdale
+Doc B. M.D. WTF
Doc B. M.D. You're hardly his colleague, you're an M.D who obviously likes to advertise the fact, lol
I would love to have a nice long talk with Mr Green. Brilliant, interesting and funny.
Thank you for explaining the developments I had read of without the background you give here.
It will be interesting to see how far back we can go to retrieve DNA and where it will be found. It seems that Arctic climates or those like Denisova are good candidates for some really good data in the future.
luckily most o us commentators are not hindered in any way by any knowledge on these subjects in any way :)
Excellent presenter, more like this please! Thank you for uploading.
I believe Neanderthals evolved from Erectus, and moved west out of Asia, through Eurasia and then to Europe.. The genetic evidence of diversity in the east is pretty convincing on that issue..
Interesting theory. They are believed to evolve from Homo Antecessor or H. Heidelbergensis, which are themselves "evolutions" of the MiddleEastern Erectus.
Its hard to believe that they came all the way from east asia to europe, but isn't impossible either. Who knows.
Excellent presentation, more please
Very articulate and well spoken.
Life must have been unbearably harsh for hundreds of generation for the Denisovans to be slowly whittled away to nothing.
At lest there are currently no Creationist comments on this page yet.
Lucy Kelly Not really, considering God supposedly created Earth in 6-7 days.
alexreising85 really how did God create the universe in 7days when there was no sun??
The Creator created us all, those who believe and those who don't. How The Creator did so is not known to mankind. If The Creator decided a evolutionary means of creation, I have no problem with that. The Bible says that the Creator says he is the Alpha and Omega, the beginning and end.
I suggest you don't know much about the world around you.
Says a bigot.
Ask for stupidity and you shall receive......... dear Christians your God as you know it did not exist even in the time of the Jesus that you worships life..... grab a real religion go ancient because trust Honey's my plethora of gods are far more ancient and far more powerful then you're 1700 year old deity that needs to feed on The Souls of babies
Varg needs to watch this.
It is known that the "I" haplogroup were trapped for 5000 years in the Balkans with "Neanderthal" ( The Jötnar) during the last ice age.
Due to the absence of Jötnar mitochondrial DNA in modern hominids we can say that no male hominid ever covered a Jötnar female. They were just too formidable (and picky).
Now, due to the excess time the "I" haplogroup, (the Vana of Vanaheim and lake Van) spent with the Jötnar, surely we would anticipate them to be more closely related?
Further, what about the Cro-magnon?
I hypothesise that Cro-magnon was the love child of The Jötnar and the original hominid and was the direct ancestor of the Vana and the Swedarians.
More likely, the male hybrids were not fertile. So the only living offspring would have no male mitochondria.
Drinking Game! Take a shot every time he says "neanderthal"
^ How to get drunk in less than 24 minutes.
Really wanted to hear more!
I am very curious how the interbreeding of modern humans, neanderthal, and denisovians has effected the genetic bottleneck theory and dating. The tiny variation in human dna versus the huge variation in our closest living ancestor would seem to either indicate that our genome is very very recent or that prior to the genetic bottle neck that some mutation occured that made our genome extremely stable. going to 23 pairs might explain this high degree of stability i.e no more inter breeding. but that should have occured more like 800K years ago. Would love some comments on this thought.
Surprisingly informative.
this is smart stuff I enjoyed it.
Thanks
range seems to be limit of ice
It appears there was a hugh caucasian population around the Black sea region. How deep is the sea ? Was it dry during ice ages ?
BRILLIANT !!! Single strand testing.
How about black becoming white (hot-to-cold) over time: My HLA i(mmune) basis of natural selection (‘shifting too fast’ prevention)
they were around before homo sapiens. Used fire before. Extracted aspirin from trees. And made the first cave drawings. And homo sapiens mated with them
The elites know that. That's why there is a war against us whites.
Are the Melanesian and Australoids that are part Denisovan also part Neanderthal?
I thought humans left East Africa first from about Eritrea to Yemen, but the slide showed migration thru Egypt and into the Sinai and Levant? Maybe I am out of date?
There were 2 migrations one very early one about 130,000 years ago across the Levant demonstrated by the finds at Jebel and quafze/Skule in Israel but this expansion was unsuccessful and became extinct (up to now lol). The African exit you describe is the one that produced us later on between 70 and 90,000 years ago of humans carrying the Y-CT mutation and the mtDNA L3 mutation.
Ok, Thanks. I thought that the map meant there was a successful migration thru Israel and Egypt that was earlier than the Eritrea-Yemen one that I did not know about.
Robert Aldrich
Sure... I have a video on my channel of the work of Professor Stephen Oppenheimer from 2003 which although being a little old now is still the accepted migration route and dates.
HA HA it is the same old story... the archeologists give us dates then the new science (in this case genetics) say wooaahh that is not correct and then the new science begins to fall in line with the old eventually.
The geneticist have gone from refining the dates of our exit across the gates of grief to 40,000 years then they said whoops no 50,000 years then whoops no 70,000 years and they are right back again now with the new molecular distances to 70-100,000 years lol! Whilst all along the geologists and archaeologist have been saying hang on lads we find modern humans tools underneath the mount Toba ash which exploded 74,000 years ago.
Greeny202a Thanks.
ferzy09 thats africans.
What happened to the "H" in Neanderthal? After all, the place where they were first discovered was the Neander "Valley" or "Thal" in German language. Or is it just an attempt to make the pronunciation "Phoenetic" or should I say "Fenetic"?
The h in Neanderthal is silent in german. So all is ok. No th in german language anyway.
how and when did we transform from 48 to 46 chromasomes ? how many chromasomes are in Neanderthal and denisovan DNA?
About 6 million YBP. Neanderthal and Denisovan both have the 23 like humans.
+nevyen thanks for the response can you provide links to that data please:-)
I just Googled it...didn't note where. It was hard to find the age, it came from a science magazine if I recall, and it was more of an "at least as far back as" date. Several sites had the 23-24 info though.
How do we distinguish them from us?
Rich green has a new fan
By the way, that intro music is a bit eerie, the atmosphere sort of reminds me of X-Files.
Lol very true.
EXACTLY!!!!!!!!😂👊🏾🖤
love the team👍
Look for giant skeletons because those were the original humans.
fascinating...
Were do you think RH NEGATIVE come from
A lot of indirect measurements, a lot of deducing, a lot that relies on imprecise measuring methods, I'm not sure what to think here.
If you are interested in the origins of H. Sapiens (and all other members of the genus), you may enjoy watching a new theory’s short introductory video presentation @czcams.com/video/pCJq7fKsxjs/video.html (8 min), proposing as the birthplace/natural environment of our species a permanent warm coastal fog most likely existing for 2.6 million years at the periphery of the Irish Sea Glacier (during late Pleistocene).
Is proposed in parallel that the Human higher cognition is, in fact, the outcome of a few types of transgenerational traumas/inflammations.
Also, as the source of all the unique skeletomuscular features of modern Humans proposed a severe transgenerational photo-trauma suffered by an earlier depigmented form of our species (as all individuals adapting to their new sunny environments (the rest of the planet)). The lack of pigmentation readily inferred as the result of living away from light for 2.6 my inside the said permanent warm coastal fog.
Brilliant 💛
I can feel my citocine deaminating now.
thanks brother..
The original Las Vegas
Great stuff,no dislikes either,guess the creationists haven't stumbled on this yet,,scalar ???the nation Islam discovered what? No offence but most Islamic countries are still living in the stone age but with automatic weapons
spetsnaz1972 It is SO nice to read comments that are relatively unsullied by creationist crazies.
@spetsnaz1972 : You talk about how great no dislikes are, then turn right around and disparage others for their beliefs ? I don't agree with them entirely myself, but then now I don't agree with you either. Hypocrisy is a thing.
Showing your inherent bias and ignorance as well as arrogance
Pride should have stayed at the Egyptian pyramids. Its all ego past that .
Are we Human or Sapien?
What did neanderthal say to the modern human,he said neandertate 🙊.
I will correct the author of video: Neanderthal men lived also in Africa, but homo sapiens have eaten them much earlier, than have met the European Neanderthal men. Neanderthal bones have been found in the east of Africa, around Eritrea, Neanderthal bones have been found in the south of Africa, and I don't doubt that Neanderthal bones will be found both in the north of Africa and in the west of Africa and in the center. In the Sahara Desert in general excavation was almost not carried out. And there where excavation was carried out, bones of the most ancient primacies have been right there found. So you are expected still by magic news!
Even moreover - If bones of Neanderthal men are found in Africa, then it is possible to assume that the African Neanderthal men DIFFERED from Neanderthal men from Europe!
And we need to speak about existence of races among Neanderthal men.
Wow, I just read there have never been neanderthal in Africa. Guess the science is still unsettled.
The human race almost went extinct 60,000 years ago. Was this the time of NOAH??
no
Me faver he wus oringe and me muver she were green.
this almost begs the question. was there really an out of africa? or did populations split long ago to produce the 3 primary racial types and skull bone structures?
UUUUUUHHH UMMMMM
UUUUUUHHH UMMMMM
UUUUUUHHH UMMMMM
Anders Breivik
After the first dozen "umm's" I lost interest.
+Rocky Pitre translation: I have an attention span of a goldfish
So.. sub Saharan Africans and non sub Saharan Africans are totally different species, hmm.. i would never guess!
Marcelo DC Araujo You're so edgy with a Pepe profile picture! Much redpill, very race realist.
@Marcelo DC Araujo : Since when does 1.5% to 3% = 100% ?
@Nick Pinto : Since when is a racist a race realist ? Unless of course you are also a racist.
Aylbdr Madison I was being sarcastic lol
The very incorrect concept. "Was the one succeeded thel Neanderthals race, which has a chance to create a human..." Do think this..!!!:) Was the one only grey rabbit with a chance to exchange his collor in the North..." Where it do corrects..???:)Other Neanderthals races were so much invalidic, that it is necessary ONLY TO PROVE THE VERY EARLIEST HOMO SAPIENS and then... AGAINST THE SIMPLE LOGIC OF THE CORRECTIONS THEN. "Those (THE ESPECIAL) "pre-Human's" Neanderthals became into the racial leaders on the other Neanderthals in a company with "their people".
Lokio Brolis lkmc
And what is the nation Islam? These guys have PHD,s so at least try to make sense
zzz
reading that which we can compare to primate DNA. Wasted money on false understanding and ass umptions
Well you have made no sense at all, was there meant to be a point?
chimpanzee branch should have a paralell for leftists